EP2 (Quantum Mechanics, Fundamental Solid Sate Physics)
Problems in “Exercise Day 4” July 23, 2024
* The answers must include the derivation processes.
Problem 1 1-1 Answer the following questions about core electrons in atoms. [Derivation process is not required.] 1-1(a) Write names and symbols of the four quantum numbers which are appropriate for core electrons in atoms. r 1-1(b) Rank energies the following electron orbitals (electron subshells), lowest first. 3s, 3d, 1s, 4p, 2s, 3p, 4s, 2p 1-2 Write the electron configurations of the following elements. (Z: Atomic number) 1-2(a) Ca (Calcium, Z=20) 1-2(b) Ar (Argon, Z=18) 1-2(c) Na (Sodium, Z=11)
Problem 2 An electron with Ψ(𝑥𝑥) = 𝐴𝐴 exp[𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖] travels rightward from 𝑥𝑥 = −∞ in Fig. 2. 2-1 Find wave number 𝑘𝑘 in a region with 𝑥𝑥 < 0. 2-2 General expression of wave function of the electron in the region with 𝑥𝑥 < 0. 2-3 Find wave number 𝑘𝑘’ in a region with 𝑥𝑥 > 0. 2-4 General expression of wave function of the electron in the region with 𝑥𝑥 > 0.
Fig. 2 Problem 3 An electron is confined in a one-dimensional infinite potential well of length a. Its potential energy U is zero inside the well and infinity outside of the well, that is, U = 0 for 0 < x < a, and U →+ ∞ for x < 0 and x > a. (a) Write the time-independent Schrödinger’s equation. Derivation process is not required. (b) Write a general wave function appropriate in the uniform potential, which is appropriate in the well. Derivation process is not required. (c) Write boundary conditions about the wave function 𝜓𝜓(𝑥𝑥). Derivation process is not required. (d) Derive the wave function 𝜓𝜓(𝑥𝑥) in the potential well using arbitrary constant 𝐶𝐶. Normalization is not required. (e) Find the probability density function 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) in the potential well using the equation above. (f) Show the meaning of normalization using the equation above, integral, and 1. α 𝑛𝑛π α (g) Find the constant 𝐶𝐶 using the normalization and ∫0 sin2 � α 𝑥𝑥� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2 if necessary.
(h) Find energies which the electron can be allowed to have.
Problem 4 Sodium is a ( ① )valent metal. 1 mol of Sodium atoms are in a cube-shaped sample with L3 [m3] in volume. Answer for the following questions about the free electrons in Sodium. Its atomic weight is 23 g/mol and density is 0.91 g/cm3. 4-1 Fill the appropriate word in the bracket （ ① ）. 4-2 Find the number density of free electrons in Sodium. 4-3 Find the Fermi wave number of the free electrons. 4-4 Find the Fermi velocity of the “1 mol”th electron.
Problem 5 Assume the Bohr model of a hydrogen atom.
5-1 Find an energy at 𝑛𝑛-th state, 𝐸𝐸𝑛𝑛 . 5-2 Express 𝐸𝐸𝑛𝑛 with numeric value and 𝑛𝑛. Do not forget to show a unit. You can use values below: Planck constant 6.63×10-34 J・s Electron mass 9.11×10-31 kg Elementary charge 1.60×10-19 C Permittivity of vacuum 8.85×10−12 F/m Speed of light 3.00×108 m/s 5-3 Calculate 𝐸𝐸1 , 𝐸𝐸2 , and 𝐸𝐸3, that is, energies at 𝑛𝑛 = 1, 2, and 3, respectively. 5-4 Find a relationship between an energy difference Δ𝐸𝐸 of electronic states and a wave length 𝜆𝜆 of light when the light is emitted or absorbed. 5-5 Calculate all possible wave lengths of emitting light when the initial electronic state is 𝑛𝑛 = 3.
