FIRESAFETY

FIRE SAFETY IN
HIGH RISE
STRUCTURES
The Planning design and construction of any building shall be such as to ensure safety from fire.
For this purpose, unless otherwise specified in these regulations, the provisions of Part-1v, Fire Protection
Chapter and National Building Code shall apply.
For multi-storeyed, high rise and special buildings, additional provisions relating to fire protection contained in
Annexure C of NBC Shall also apply.
The approach to the building and open spaces on all sides up to sutrs width and their layout shall conform to the
requirements of the chief officer.
They shall be capable of taking the weight of a fire engine weighing up to 18 tonnes.
These open spaces shall be free of any obstruction and shall be motorable
Typesofconstructions
For the purpose of the Code , the types of construction according
to fire resistance shall be classified into four categories ,namely,
Type1Construction,
Type2 Construction,
Type3 Construction and
Type4 Construction
Building Construction Types:

Fire Resistive (Type I) Building Construction.
Non-Combustible(Type II) Building Construction. Ordinary (Type III)
Building Construction.
Heavy Timber (Type IV) Building Construction
Classification of buildings
Group A Residential
Group B Educational
Group C Institutional
Group D Assembly
Group E Business
Group F Mercantile
Group G Industrial
Group H Storage
Group J Hazardous
staircases and refuge area
Provided that for all multi-storeyed high rise and special
buildings,
a minimum of two enclosed type staircases shall be provided,
at least one of them opens directly to the exterior to an interior
open space or to any
Fire driveway
The compulsory open space around the building should not be used for
parking.
If parking space is provided on the setbacks, then it should be done only
after leaving a distance of a six-metre-wide open space from the
building line in the form of a hard-sur-faced driveway which should
again be able to withstand a load of 45,000 kgs.
Travel distance
The travel distance to an exit from the dead
end of a corridor shall
not exceed half the distance specified above.
General guidelines for fire safety
Non-combustible materials should be used for construction of buildings, and the internal walls of
staircase enclosures should be of brick work or reinforced concrete or any other material of
construction with minimum of 120 min rating.
The wall for the chimney shall be of Type 1 or Type 2
Construction depending on whether the flue gas temperature is above 200°C or less, respectively
3 Load bearing steel beams and columns of buildings having total covered area of 500 m2 and
above shall be protected against failure/collapse of structure in case of fire.
This could be achieved by use of appropriate methodology using suitable fire resistance
rated materials along with suppression system
All buildings shall satisfy certain requirements, which contribute, individually and collectively to
the safety of life from fire, smoke, fumes and panic arising from these or similar causes.
Know the plan
Make sure that you're familiar with your building's evacuation plan, which should illustrate what residents are
supposed to do in the event of an emergency. The evacuation plan should be posted in places where all residents
can see and review it, and the building management should hold a fire drill with occupants at least once a year. Most
states also require that buildings periodically test their fire safety systems as well. Be sure to participate when your
building drills take place. When looking for an apartment or high-rise home, look for one with an automatic sprinkler
system. Sprinklers can extinguish a home fire in less time that it takes for the fire department to arrive.
Practice is key
Whether your building has one floor or 50, it's essential that you and your family are prepared to respond to a fire
alarm. Identify all of the exits in your building and if you are using an escape planning grid, mark them on your escape
plan. Make sure to mark the various stairways too, in case one is blocked by fire.
Never use the elevator
In case of fire, always use the stairs to get out, never the elevator. Make sure to practice using the stairs as part of
your escape plan. If someone in your family has difficulty climbing down steps, make sure to incorporate a
contingency for this into your plan.
Stay low
Smoke from a fire is toxic and deadly no matter what kind of structure you live in. When you hold your fire drill,
everyone in the family should practice getting low and going under the smoke to the exit. In the event of a fire, if both
stairwells are filled with smoke, stay in your apartment and wait for the firefighters.
Seal yourself in for safety
If you can't exit an apartment building due to smoke or fire in the hallway, call the fire department to report your
exact location and gather in a room with a window to await their arrival. Close all doors between you and the fire. Use
duct tape or towels to create a seal around the door and over air vents in order to keep smoke from coming in.
Stay by the window
If possible, you should open your windows at the top and the bottom so fresh air can get in. Don't break the window -
if smoke enters the room from outside the building, you won't be able to protect yourself.
Signal to firefighters
Wave a flashlight or light colored cloth at the window to let the fire department know where you are located.
There are multiple ways to compartmentalise a building,
such as fire walls, doors, and cavity barriers. Cavity
barriers inhibit the spread of smoke through open spaces
in roofs and between floors. These barriers can be made
from a variety of materials, such as concrete, gypsum or
masonry.
FIRE ACCEDENT:
GRENFELL TOWER
Date 14 June 2017; 6 years ago
Duration: 24 hours (under control)
Over 60 hours (fully extinguished)
Location Grenfell Tower, North Kensington, London, United Kingdom
Type: Structure fire
Cause Electrical fault in a refrigerator; spread of fire largely
exacerbated by flammable exterior cladding on the building
Outcome
Government taskforce taking over parts of the RBKC council function
Urgent fire safety tests on cladding from similar towers
Independent review of building regulations and fire safety
commissioned
£200 million pledged from Government to replace similar cladding in
other residential towers in England
Deaths 72
Non-fatal injuries 74 (20 serious)
Property damage £200 million – £1 billion (estimated)

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