Module 1 - Introduction to

Computer Programming
Dr. Jagat Sesh Challa
BITS Pilani Dr. Amitesh Singh Rajput
Pilani Campus
Department of Computer Science & Information Systems
Module Overview
• General course information

• Objectives of the Course

• Computers and Computing

• Introduction to Programming

• The C language

• Program and Process Execution

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

General Course Information

CS F111 - Team
Instructors

Dr. Pratik Dr. Rajya Dr. Amitesh S. Dr. Jagat Sesh

Narang Lakshmi Rajput, I/C Challa

TAs
Sakshi, Vijay Kumari, Ankit Soni, Praveen Kumar, Abhishek Vyas, Neha Chaudhary

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Evaluation Components

Nature of
Weightage Date & component
Component Duration
(%) Time (Close Book/ Open
Book)
Mid-Semester Test 90 Min. 25 TBA TBA
Comprehensive
120 Min. 35 TBA TBA
Examination
Quizzes /
-- 30 TBA Open Book
Programming test
Laboratory Sessions -- 10 -- --

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Text Book and Reference Books
Text Book:
Hanly, J.R. and E.B. Koffman. Problem Solving and Program Design in C(7/e).
Pearson Education, 2013

Reference Books:
1. Patt, yale. Introduction to computing systems: from bits & gates to C
&beyond (2/e). Mcgraw hill education, 2017.
2. Forouzan, b.A. And richard F. Gilberg . computer science A structured
programming approach using C (3/e). Cengage learning, 2007
3. Gottfried, B.S. and Jitender chhabra. Programming with C (schaum's
outlines series, 3/e). Mcgraw hill education, 2017.
4. Kernighan, b.W and dennis ritchie. The C programming language (2/e).
Pearson education india, 2015.
5. Das, s. Unix: concepts and applications (4/e). Mcgraw hill education, 2017.
6. Das, Sumitabha. Computer fundamentals and C programming. New delhi,
india: mcgraw hill education. (2018)

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Laboratory Sessions & Course Website

Laboratory Sessions
• Weekly 2 hours
• Lab sessions on Ubuntu – install OS or VM or WSL on your
machines [DIY]

Course Website
• Nalanda – LMS of BITS Pilani
• https://nalanda-aws.bits-pilani.ac.in/

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Course Objectives
Course Objectives

• Computer and Computing Methodologies

• Basic concepts of the C programming language

• Problem-solving through programming

• Systematic techniques and approaches for constructing

programs

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Computers and Computing

Computer

Computer
• A device that takes data as input, does some processing and
then returns an output

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Types of Memory

Registers (inbuilt on the

processor)

Cache (inbuilt on the

Size processor) Cost and
Speed
Primary (RAM, ROM)

Secondary (HDD,
FlashMemory)

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Introduction to Programming
What is a Program?

Program

• Collection of instructions that perform a specific task when

executed by a computer.

• Written using a Programming Language.

• Programming languages are mechanical and not natural;

hence are unambiguous.

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Levels of Programming
Languages

High Level Language

Assembly Language Ease of

understanding

Machine language

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Machine Language

• Language of the machine

• Made up of a series of binary

High Level Language
patterns
Ease of
Assembly Language understanding

• Can be run directly Machine language

• Difficult to learn

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Assembly Language

• Uses simple pneumonic

abbreviations
High Level Language
Ease of
• Unique to a specific CPU Assembly Language understanding

architecture
Machine language

• Requires assembler

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
High level Language

• English-like

• Easier
High Level Language
Ease of
Assembly Language understanding
• Requires Compiler
Machine language
• Compiler: Generates object
code

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Example

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Questions from previous class

• Which memory type among register and RAM is the fastest?

• How the assembly language is converted to machine code?

• How the high-level language is converted to machine code?

• Any two advantages and disadvantages of secondary memory?

• Secondary Memory – Magnetic Storage (HDD), Solid State

Storage (SSD, memory cards), and Optical Storage (CD, DVD)

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

The C Programming Language

The C language
• General Purpose high-level programming language

• Language is platform independent

• Closely associated with the UNIX operating system

• Most versatile as it supports direct access of memory

locations through pointers

• Compiler based language

• C programs are fastest in execution time!

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Program and Process Execution

What happens to your program?

You write a program…

1. Where is your program saved?

2. What happens to your program when you try to compile and run it?

Before we answer the above questions let us see what is an

operating system…

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Operating System (OS)
• An OS is a layer of software interposed between the application
program and the hardware

• OS manages everything of your computer including hardware

• OS is responsible for executing your program
• A program under execution is known as a process
Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Basic layout of Computer Hardware

OS
Manages
these
resources

CPU Disk

Memory (RAM)
Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
What happens to your program?

Now let us answer these questions…

1. Where is your program saved?

2. What happens to your program when you try to compile and run it?

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
1. Where is your program saved?

Your program
when saved gets
stored on the
disk

Program

CPU DISK

Memory (RAM)
Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
What happens to your program?

Now let us answer these questions…

1. Where is your program saved?

2. What happens to your program when you try to compile and run it?

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
2. What happens to your program
when you try to compile and run it?

• OS loads the
program into RAM
• Executes it line by
line on CPU

Program
Program Program

Program is Program
executed gets
on CPU loaded
CPU into RAM DISK

Note: Program under

execution is known as a
Memory (RAM) Process

Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus