PILE INTEGRITY TEST REPORT

Date of Testing:06.06.2024 Date of Report:07.06.2024

Ref: Low Strain Integrity Test Report #1

Name of Project : High Speed Rail Project–Package C4.

Main Contractor: M/S L&T HEAVY CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE,

Mahsr-C4, Swastik Univarsal, Unit No. 201,2nd floor
Building No.-B,Rudh Village,Piplod-Dumas Road,
Surat, Gujrat-395 007.

Main Client: National High-Speed Rail Corporation Limited. (NHSRCL)

Report for:- M/s. L&T GEO STRUCTURE PVT LTD,

High- Speed Rail Project PKG-C4, B-1001, Shriya Height,
Saroli, Surat, Gujrat-395 010.

Test Method:- ASTM D5882-16

Location: P21, CH No-283

ReportNo:ADSL/15127/05/5127
ADS LABTECH

Page 1 of 8 ADSL/15127/05/5127
 ADS LABTECH
39/2/10-A Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Ghaziabad-201010

This report presents test results and summarizes our findings from the low strain integrit y testing
performed on the piles at the above referenced site on 06.06.2024 the purpose of the testing was
to assess the integrity of the drilled shafts using a nondestructive testing technique.

Low strain integrity testing involves inducing a stress wave into the pile or drilled shaft by striking the
top of the foundation with a small hand held hammer and masuring the response with an accelerometer.
Records of several hammer impacts are averaged, filtered, and exponentially amplified to enhance record
features. The processed records are the measured shaft-top velocity curves. These curves are evaluated for
indications of stress wave reflections which, based on arrival time, may be indications of impedance
reductions, impedance increases, or the drilled shaft toe.

The Grid of P21, CH No-283 having piles of diameter of 1200 mm was tested with an input
value of stress wave velocity as 3700-4200 m/s after testing the pile, The stress velocity is adjusted in a
range of 3600-4400 m/s import processing stage to obtain the value of wave velocity and tested length of
the piles are given in this section. As concrete is a heterogeneous material, no specific value can be
assigned for stress wave velocity through it. It is assumed to vary in the range mentioned above.

Shaft Details
All Shafts of P21, CH No-283 had measured diameter of 1200 mm and reported to have a de
32.67 Mtrs. as per site records.

Test Equipment
The equipment used for the integrity testing included a PIT Collector manufactured by Pile Dynamics, Inc.,
an accelerometer and non-instrumented hammer with hard plastic tips, conforming to
ASTM D 5882-16. The PIT Collector (ADS LABTECH Engineer’s) acquired the pile top motion records
under a series of hammer blows. The PIT collector allows for detection of wave reflections from changes in
pile impedance. Records of several hammer impacts are averaged, filtered and exponentially amplified to
enhance record features. The processed records are the measured pile top velocity versus time curves.
These curves are evaluated for indications of stress wave reflections which, based on arrival time and
magnitude can indicate impedance reductions, impendence increases or the pile toe.

The testing involves attachment of accelerometer on a prepared pile top. After attachment, the impact
device (hand held hammer) generates a low strain compression wave, which travels down the pile. The
acceleration and velocity records of the impact, along with subsequent form either pile toe/discontinuities
are graphically displayed.

Typically six hammer blows were delivered at these impact locations around the pile top surface land
the pile response was measured with and accelerometer located on a different prepared surface.
Records from each series of blows with non-instrumented hammer were then averaged and the average
record was stored in the PIT Collector for later data processing.

ADS LABTECH
Page 2 of 8 ADSL/15127/05/5127
 Features of the Device Used
The name of the Integrity test device used in this case is “Pile Integrity Testing System” (PIT- System).
The PIT-system is a dedicated instrument for carrying out Pile Integrity Testing on piles and is especially
designed to resist rough handling and adverse site conditions. It is operated by one man onl y and requires
no preparation time on the building site. With the PIT-system, the integrity of foundation piles after
installation can be accurately and efficiently verify. The PIT- system enables to check the pile length and to
detect irregularities and/or cracks in the pile shaft. The system is robust, light and portable and operation is
digital.
The test is carried out by attaching a transducer onto a pile top while striking the pile head with a hand held
hammer. The PIT-system registers the impact of the hammer followed by the response of the pile and
shows both on the Note Book Computer display. If so instructed by the operator, the signal will be stored in
the memory of the PIT-system together with other information, such as pile number, date, time, site,
amplification factor, filter length, etc.
The reflectograms are horizontally scaled and vertically amplified to compensate external soil friction, which
facilitate the interpretation. Consequently the reflection of the pile toe matches the length of the pile, which
will be confirmed by the PIT- system. In case of any defects, the exact location can be determined from the
graph on the display. The pile length is used to determine the signal length. If the pile length is too short the
measured signal will be too short to determine the pile toe. The pile Length should be estimated within
±10% of the real pile length. Little experience is generally needed to read a reflectogram

Integrity Test Theory

Integrit y testing is based on the stress wave propagation concept and reflection theory. A stress wave
generated by a hammer impact in a uniform rod is reflected if the wave encounters an impedance
change or a strong soil effect. The impedance, EA/C, of a drilled shaft is defined as the product of the
shaft material’s elastic modulus, E and cross sectional area, A divided by its wave speed, C. The impedance
therefore reflects both the shaft cross sectional size and its material properties.
A structurally sound and generally uniform diameter shaft is indicated by a reflection from the shaft toe
with only minor variations in the velocity record amplitudes (created by reflections from impedance
changes) between the times of impact and toe reflection. A sound shaft is also indicated by negative

Page 3 of 8
ADS LABTECH
ADSL/15127/05/5127
 velocity reflections which are often caused by so-called bulges where softer soils or auger wobble allow for
an enlargement of the shaft diameter. An impedance reduction is indicated by a positive 4elocity y
reflection before the shaft toe. This can indicate a reduction in shaft cross section such as from a void, soil
inclusion, neck-in or crack. It can also indicate a reduction in elastic modulus which could be due to poor
concrete quality, or soil or ground water mixing during installation. Generally, it is not possible to
determine which case exists based on PIT records alone, only that a reduction in impedance occurs.

Analysis and Data Interpretations

The interpretation of results consists of evaluation of data based on the reflections recorded by
PIT ADS LABTECH Engineer’s on date 06.06.2024 through software program. After verif ying and in
case necessary adjusting the field input parameters for amplification, filtering, etc., the processed
velocity curves were plotted. These records were evaluated for reflections are in acceleration form and are
numerically integrated to velocity before being displayed. The integrity of the pile thus tested is based on
such reflections and detected changes in impedance (EA/C) along the pile length, when subjected to an
impact blow. Where E = Elastic Modulus of Pile Material, A = Cross Sectional Area of Pile and
C = Wave Speed. Impedance variation refers to cross sectional change of pile.

1) Test to be conducted as per , the latest version of ASTM D5882 & IS 14893:2001
2) The following points are essential for quality and conclusive analysis

A) Number of trails Weight & Size of hammer :-

The number of trails on each pile shall .

i) be made with different size & weight of hammer 8.9 N
ii) Minimum 3 to 5 number of trails with one hammer

B) Application of filters for the data processing:-

1) Pivot Index ( PI ) . This Value shall be selected as a percent of the impact peak and shall be typically
between 20 % and -20 %
2) Exponential Amplification (MA) shall be 20 % of the time required for the wave to travel twice the
length of the pile ( 2L/C )
3) High pass filters (HI) In general application of high pass filtering shall be discouraged If required , it is to
be applied cautiously with a low cut of frequency ( large wavelength ).It shall be applied with caution as it
can remove the useful information.

4) Low pass filters (LO) by wavelet or time averaging methods , is to be applied to filter high frequency records
caused by electronic interference , mechanical noise , micro cracks etc.

Disturbance due to high frequency can be avoided by careful preparation of testing surface , including bending
away free reinforcement bars extending above the pile top surface & trying different hammers. Low pass
filter should be applied with a high cut off frequency.

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ADS LABTECH
ADSL/15127/05/5127
 C) Report :-

1) The content in the report shall be in line with the above - mentioned ASTM & IS standards.

2) Data interpretation shall be done by engineer having minimum experience of 5 years in similar work.

3) Pile results shall be conclusive with pile. acceptance / rejection criteria along with mitigation
measures to be taken for the identified risks.

4) Pile integrity code shall be assigned referring to standard system proposed by Webster et al ( 2011 )
The following is an example.
AA - Sound shaft
AB - Sound shaft with no toe response
PF - Potential Flaw
PD - Potential Defect

Report shall summarize about the procedure from codes atleast with the details under the heads
mentioned in this letter under 2 ( b ).

Additional Considerations:
Uncertainties in the collected integrity records, variations in the assumed wave speed, and difficulties in
record interpretation limit the direct, unquestioned use of our conclusions. We recommend that the
responsible engineers use these results together with the soil borings, installation records, and
information from the structural engineer regarding loads and safety factors. We do not suggest that
these test results be used as the sole basis for establishing foundation acceptance or rejection criteria. This
report has been prepared with generally accepted engineering practices. Responsibility of lab is up to
invoice amount only, no other warranty expressed or implied. The results provided in this report are
based on the test of that pile and information provided by your engineer at site.

We appreciate the opportunity to be of assistance to you on this project. Please contact our office if you
have any questions or require any clarifications regarding this report.

Page 5 of 8 ADS LABTECH

ADSL/15127/05/5127
 Toe
Wave Shaft Cross
Depth Pile
Pile No. Speed section Review
S.NO. Respon (Meter) Integrity
(m/s) (From Test Level)
se
1 P21-01 Evident 4046 32.67 Uniform Pile OK Acceptable
2 P21-02 Evident 4016 32.67 Uniform Pile OK Acceptable
3 P21-03 Evident 4054 32.67 Uniform Pile OK Acceptable
4 P21-04 Evident 4062 32.67 Uniform Pile OK Acceptable
5 P21-05 Evident 4070 32.67 Uniform Pile OK Acceptable

Conclusion:
The test was performed on Five piles of P21, CH No-283. All piles are free from any major defect.

ADSL/15127/05/5127 ADS LABTECH

ADS LABTECH 6/7 /2 0 24
P2 1( L&T) CHNO- 2 8 3
PIT- W 2 0 09 - 4

cm/s Pile: P21-01 - 1: # 1

ACC-N, HAM-E, WT 8.9 N
0.40
CHNO-283
6/6/2024 6:13:21 PM
2W 6.96 m 290.7 Hz
0.20

0.00

x 25.00 L/D=27 (D=120 cm)

-0.20 V 0.097 cm/s (0.200)
32.67 m (4046 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 m

cm/s Pile: P21-02 - 1: # 1

ACC-N, HAM-E, WT 8.9 N
1.00
CHNO-283
6/6/2024 6:14:14 PM
2W 4.58 m 438.4 Hz
0.50

0.00

x 25.00 L/D=27 (D=120 cm)

-0.50 V 0.165 cm/s (0.402)
32.67 m (4016 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 m

cm/s Pile: P21-03, - 1: # 1

ACC-N, HAM-E, WT 8.9 N
0.80
CHNO-283
6/6/2024 6:16:08 PM
2W 4.32 m 469.2 Hz
0.40

0.00

x 25.00 L/D=27 (D=120 cm)

-0.40 V 0.187 cm/s (0.404)
32.67 m (4054 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 m

cm/s Pile: P21-04 - 1: # 1

ACC-N, HAM-E, WT 8.9 N
0.80
CHNO-283
6/6/2024 6:16:29 PM
2W 4.50 m 451.3 Hz
0.40

0.00

x 25.00 L/D=27 (D=120 cm)

-0.40 V 0.167 cm/s (0.313)
32.67 m (4062 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 m

cm/s Pile: P21-05 - 1: # 1

ACC-N, HAM-E, WT 8.9 N
1.00
CHNO-283
6/6/2024 6:17:28 PM
2W 4.26 m 477.7 Hz
0.50

0.00

x 25.00 L/D=27 (D=120 cm)

-0.50 V 0.212 cm/s (0.466)
32.67 m (4070 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 m

ADSL/15127/05/5127 ADS LABTECH

 Conclusion

It is for the engineers to decide whether results of the tests point to the likelihood of defects being present
of such significance as to affect materially the long term load carrying capacity of the pile. The engineer
should then decide whether to carry out further examination of the pile or to take remedial action for
which a sound engineering judgment is called for.

Non-Destructive Testing of piles does not provide the load carrying capacity of piles. It does not provide
information regarding verticality or displacement in position of piles. Minor deficiencies like local loss
of cover, small intrusions or type of conditions of materials at the base of piles are undetectable.
Integrity testing may not identify all imperfections, but it can be useful tool in identifying major defects
within the effective lengths. The test may identify& minor impedance variations that may not affect
the bearing capacity of piles. In such cases, the engineer should use judgment as to the acceptability of
these piles considering other factors such as load redistribution to adjacent pile, load transfer to the
soil above the defect, applied safety factors and structural load requirements.

Pile integrity test is not a resultant test; this test provides information about continuity, defect such as
cracks, necking, and soil incursions, changes in cross section and approximate pile lengths.

~~~: END OF THE REPORT: ~~~

ADSL/15127/05/5127

ADS LABTECH