Tiger Reserves in India UPSC - IAS Abhiyan: Sunday, January 8, 2023 7:58 PM

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Tiger Reserves In India UPSC | IAS Abhiyan

Sunday, January 8, 2023 7:58 PM

Clipped from: https://www.iasabhiyan.com/tiger-reserves-in-india-upsc/


Context
• There are 53 tiger reserves in India which are governed by Project Tiger which is administrated by the National
Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
• India is home to 80 percent of tigers in the world. In 2006, there were 1,411 tigers which increased to 1,706 in
2010, 2,226 in 2014 and 2967 in 2018.
• Under section 38V (1) of the Wild Life Protection Act 1972, “The state government shall on the recommendation
of the tiger conservation authority, notify an area as Tiger Reserve”. So, it becomes mandatory for the state to
accept the recommendation.
• No alteration in the boundaries of a tiger reserve shall be made except on a recommendation of the National Tiger
Conservation Authority and the approval of the National Board for Wild Life.
• No State Government shall de-notify a tiger reserve, except in public interest with the approval of the National
Tiger Conservation Authority and the approval of the National Board for Wild Life.
• Critical ‘tiger’ habitats (CTHs): Also known as core areas of tiger reserves—are identified under the Wild Life
Protection Act (WLPA), 1972. “Such areas are required to be kept as inviolate for the purpose of tiger conservation,
without affecting the rights of the Scheduled Tribes or such other forest dwellers”. The notification of CTH is done
by the state government in consultation with the expert committee constituted for the purpose.
• Recently,ÊtheÊNationalÊTigerÊConservationÊAuthorityÊ(NTCA)ÊapprovedÊIndia’sÊnewestÊTigerÊReserveÊsituatedÊinÊ
ChhattisgarhÊasÊaÊcombinedÊareasÊofÊtheÊGuruÊGhasidasÊNationalÊParkÊandÊTamorÊPinglaÊWildlifeÊSanctuary.ÊThisÊ
willÊbeÊtheÊ53rd Tiger Reserves in in India and 4th Tiger Reserves in Chhattisgarh.
List of Tiger Reserve in India : State Wise

Sl. No State Name of Tiger Reserve


1 Andhra Pradesh Nagarjunsagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve
2 Arunachal Pradesh Pakke Tiger Reserve
3 Arunachal Pradesh Kamlang Tiger Reserve
4 Arunachal Pradesh Namdapha National Park
5 Assam Kaziranga National Park
6 Assam Orang Tiger Reserve
7 Assam Nameri National Park
8 Assam Manas Tiger Reserve
9 Bihar Valmiki National Park
10 Chhattisgarh Indravati Tiger Reserve
11 Chhattisgarh Udanti-Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary
12 Chhattisgarh Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary
13 Chhattisgarh Guru Ghasidas National Park and Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary
14 Jharkhand Palamau Tiger Reserve
15 Karnataka Biligiri Ranganatha Temple Tiger reserve
16 Karnataka Nagarahole National Park
17 Karnataka Dandeli-Anshi Tiger Reserve
18 Karnataka Bandipur Tiger Reserve
19 Karnataka Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary
21 Kerala Parambikulam Tiger reserve
21 Kerala Periyar Tiger reserve
22 Madhya Pradesh Sanjay-Dubri Tiger reserve
23 Madhya Pradesh Satpura Tiger reserve
24 Madhya Pradesh Bandhavgarh Tiger reserve
25 Madhya Pradesh & Pench Tiger reserve
Maharashtra
26 Madhya Pradesh Kanha Tiger reserve
27 Madhya Pradesh Panna Tiger reserve
28 Maharashtra Bor Tiger Reserve
29 Maharashtra Nagzira Tiger Reserve
30 Maharashtra Sahyadri Tiger Reserve
31 Maharashtra Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve
32 Maharashtra Melghat Tiger reserve
33 Mizoram Dampa Tiger Reserve
34 Odisha Satkosia Tiger Reserve
35 Odisha Similipal Tiger Reserve
36 Rajasthan Ranthambore Tiger Reserve
37 Rajasthan Mukundara Hills Tiger Reserve
38 Rajasthan Sariska Tiger Reserve
39 Rajasthan Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Reserve
40 Tamil Nadu Mudumalai Tiger Reserve
41 Tamil Nadu Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve
42 Tamil Nadu Anamalai Tiger Reserve (Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National
Park)
43 Tamil Nadu Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve
44 Tamil Nadu Srivilliputhur Megamalai Tiger Reserve
45 Telangana Kawal Tiger Reserve
46 Telangana Amrabad Tiger Reserve
47 Uttar Pradesh Dudhwa Tiger Reserve
48 Uttar Pradesh Pilibhit Tiger Reserve
49 Uttar Pradesh Amangarh Tiger Reserve
50 Uttarakhand Corbett National Park
51 Uttarakhand Rajaji Tiger Reserve
52 West Bengal Sundarbans National Park
53 West Bengal Buxa Tiger Reserve

TIGER RESERVES IN INDIA UPSC


KAMLANG TIGER RESERVE , ARUNACHAL
• Kamlang river
• Lohit district
• Tropical, Subtropical
• Tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, snow leopard
• Mishmi, Digaru, Mizo tribes
• It is separated from Namdapha by the Lang River
• Lang River forms its northern border and the Namdapha National Park is on its southern border.
NAMDAPHA TIGER RESERVE, ARUNACHAL
• Changlang district near the international border with Myanmar
• Biodiversity hotspots in Eastern Himalayas
• The fourth-largest national park of India
• Mishmi and Patkai Bum hills
• Evergreen, tropical, semi-tropical, temperate, arctic
• Northernmost lowland evergreen rainforests
• Tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, snow leopard
• Palearctic and Indo-Malayan biogeographic areas
• Namdapha Flying Squirrel which is endemic and critically endangered
• Dhole, red panda, marbled cat, fishing cat, binturong, takin, Bharal, serow, capped langur
PAKHUI (PAKKE) TIGER RESERVE, ARUNACHAL
• East Kameng District
• Won India Biodiversity Award 2016 in the category of ‘Conservation of threatened species’ for its Hornbill Nest
Adoption Programme Kameng River
• Lies in the undulating and hilly foothills of the Eastern Himalayas
• Bounded by Bhareli or Kameng River in the west and north, and by Pakke River in the east. It is surrounded by
contiguous forests on most sides. To the east lies Papum Reserve Forest
• The sanctuary adjoins reserve forests and Assam’s Nameri National Park
• West of Kameng River are Sessa Orchid Sanctuary and Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Sanctuary slopes southwards towards the river valley of the Brahmaputra River
• habitat types are lowland semi-evergreen, evergreen forest and Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests.
• Nameri National Park of Assam is nearby.
KAZIRANGA TIGER RESERVE, ASSAM
• Golaghat, Karbi Angling and Nagaon districts
• Famous for Great One-horned rhinoceros
• Elephants, wild water buffalo
• Flat expanses of fertile, alluvial soil, formed by erosion and silt deposition by the River Brahmaputra
• Elephant reserve, National park, Biodiversity hotspot
• It is not a biosphere reserve.
• Important bird area by Birdlife International
• Located on the edge of the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot
• breeding populations of elephants, wild water buffalo, and swamp deer
• vast expanse of tall elephant grass, marshland, and dense tropical moist broadleaf forests, criss-crossed by four
major rivers
• A World Heritage Site by UNESCO
MANAS TIGER RESERVE, ASSAM
• A national park, UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project Tiger reserve, an elephant reserve and a biosphere
reserve
• Royal Manas NP in Bhutan is contiguous
• Manas river flows through it which is a tributary of Brahmaputra river
• Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur, pygmy hog, wild water buffalo
• Famous for its population of the wild water buffalo
NAMERI TIGER RESERVE, ASSAM
• Eastern Himalayas in the Sonitpur District
• Lies just south of Pakke Tiger Reserve of Arunachal Pradesh
• Main Rivers are Jia- Bhoroli and Bor Dikorai.
• The Jia Bhoroli river of Assam was famous since the time of British for the golden mahseer angling
• Habitat-semi-evergreen, moist deciduous forests with cane and bamboo brakes and narrow strips of open grassland
• best sighting spot of the endangered bird White- winged Duck (State bird of Assam)
• Ibisbill and Merganser are the two species of migratory birds visit the park every winter.
ORANG TIGER RESERVE, ASSAM
• Brahmaputra river
• Darrang and Sonitpur district
• Indian Rhinoceros, Pygmy hog, Asian elephant, wild water buffalo, Bengal tiger
• Only stronghold of rhinoceros on the north bank of the Brahmaputra river.
• Formed of alluvial flood plains of the many rivers and is an integral part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.
DAMPA TIGER RESERVE, MIZORAM
• Lushai Hills
• Tropical forests
• In the tiger census of 2018, no tiger was found in this reserve.
• Rare floral species have been found in including rare ginger species Globba spathulata and Hemiorchis pantlingii.
RAJAJI TIGER RESERVE, UTTARAKHAND
• Shivaliks
• Nestled between the Shivalik ranges and the Indo-Gangetic plains
• 03 districts of Uttarakhand: Haridwar, Dehradun and Pauri Garhwal.
• Named after C. Rajagopalchari
• Ganga and Song rivers
• Goral is found here
• Asian elephant, Bengal tiger, Leopard, Jungle cat, striped hyena, Goral
JIM CORBETT TIGER RESERVE, UTTARAKHAND
• Oldest NP of India, created in 1936
• Earlier called Hailey National Park
• Nainital and Pauli Garhwal districts
• Ramganga river
• The first national park of Asia
• One of the thirteen protected areas covered by the World-Wide Fund For Nature under their Terai Arc Landscape
Program
• The program aims to protect three of the five terrestrial flagship species, the tiger, the Asian elephant and the great
one-horned rhinoceros
• Spotted dear, sambar deer, elephant, tawny fish owl, golden jackal
• Encompasses the PatliÊDun valley formed by the Ramganga river
• located partly along a valley between the Lesser Himalaya in the north and the Shivaliks in the south, has a sub-
Himalayan belt structure
• Formerly part of the princely state of Tehri Garhwal
• 1st to come under Project Tiger initiative
DUDHWA TIGER RESERVE, UTTAR PRADESH
• Billy Arjan Singh
• Located on the Indo-Nepal border in the Lakhimpur Kheri District
• Indian rhinoceros
• Terai belt of marshy grasslands
• Together with the Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary and the Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary it forms the Dudhwa
Tiger Reserve
• Stronghold of the barasingha. Around half of the world’s barasinghas are present
• Extreme humid subtropical with dry winters (CWa) type of climate
• Falls within the Upper Gangetic plains and is a vast alluvial plain
• Swamp deer, Sambar deer, barking deer, spotted deer, hog deer, sloth beer, ratel, jackal, civets, jungle cats, fishing
cat, leopard cat
PILIBHIT TIGER RESERVE, UTTAR PRADESH
• Pilibhit, Lakhimpur Kheri, Bahraich districts
• River Sharada (Mahakali), River Ghagara
• Form’s part of the Terai Arc Landscape in the upper Gangetic Plain along the India-Nepal border.
• Characterized by sal forests, tall grasslands and swamp
• Sharda Sagar Dam is on the boundary of the reserve
• Got the first International award TX2 for doubling the tiger population in a stipulated time
• North Indian moist deciduous type, with sal Shorea robusta forests.
• Sal woodland is very dense with good natural regeneration
• The important linkages are:

• Surahi range- Terai East Division Uttarakhand


• Lagga-Bagga – Shuklaphanta National Park (Nepal)
• Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary – Dudhwa
VALMIKI TIGER RESERVE, BIHAR
• Located at the India-Nepal border
• West Champaran district
• Royal Chitwan national park of Nepal is contiguous
• River Gandak
• extensive forest area of Valmikinagar (formally known as Bhainsa Lotan)
• Barking deer, spotted deer, hog deer, sambar, blue bull, spotted hyena, leopard cat, wild cat, fishing cat, flying
squirrel, clouded leopard, Indian gaur, Mongoose
• encompasses foothills ranges of Himalayan Sivaliks with mosaic of the cliffs, ridges, gorges
• Situated in Gangetic plains bio-geographic zone of the Country, the forest has combination of bhabar and terai
tracts.
• only National park in Bihar
• harbors vivid socio-cultural diversity. ‘Tharu’, a scheduled tribe, is the dominant community
• scheduled tribes other than Tharu in the Valmiki landscape are collectively called Dhangar – which means retained
labourer in Oraon dialect.
• Dhangar comprises four tribes: Oraon, Munda, Lohra and Bhuiya. The ‘Dhangars’ were brought to area as
agriculture laborer from the Chhotanagpur Hills. Each Dhangar tribe has its own dialect and they observe their
traditional festivals.
PALAMU TIGER RESERVE, JHARKHAND
• Betla NP and Palamu WS (Latehar district)
• One among the original 9 tiger reserves
• North Koel river
• White Vultures
SUNDERBANS TIGER RESERVE, WEST BENGAL
• NP, TR, BR & Ramsar Site
• Ganges Delta
• Mangrove- ecotone
• Only mangrove forest in the world inhabited by tigers.
• Also, in Bangladesh
• One amongst the initial nine Tiger Reserves constituted at the time of inception of the Project Tiger
• Bound by the river Matla in the west
• Rivers Kalindi and Harinbhanga and Raimongal in the east form the international boundary with Bangladesh, south
of the Reserve lies the Bay of Bengal, northwest is bounded by rivers Bidya, Gomdi
• Saltwater crocodile /Bengal Tigger
• UNESCO World Heritage site
BUXA TIGER RESERVE, WEST BENGAL
• North part of WB / Gangetic Plains
• East of Manas TR
• lies in Alipurduar district
• northern boundary runs along the international border with Bhutan
• Sinchula hill range lies all along the northern side of BTR and the eastern boundary touches that of the Assam state
• The Phibsoo Wildlife Sanctuary of Bhutan is contiguous to the north
• south-west, the Chilapata Forests form an elephant corridor to the Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary
• Asian elephant, gaur, sambar deer, clouded leopard, Indian leopard, Bengal tiger
• Rajabhatkhawa Vulture Breeding Centre
SIMLIPAL TIGER RESERVE, ODISHA
• Mayurbhanj district
• Red silk cotton trees
• World Network of Biosphere Reserves
• 12 small rivers are there
• Part of the Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve, which includes three protected areas — Similipal Tiger
Reserve, Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary and Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary
• 7th largest national park
• Waterfalls like Joranda and Barehipani Falls.
• Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, gaur, chausingha
• High hills surround Meghasani / Tunkiburu, the highest peak
SATKOSIA TIGER RESERVE, ODISHA
•Angul district of Odisha
•Mahanadi river & Eastern Ghats mountains
•Comprises the Satkosia Gorge Wildlife Sanctuary and the adjacent Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary
•Slightly southward of Simlipal TR
•Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests ecoregion
•The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), which had approved the transfer of six tigers from the wild of
Madhya Pradesh’s Kanha National Park to Satkosia Tiger Reserve in Odisha
RANTHAMBORE TIGER RESERVE, RAJASTHAN
•Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuary
•Indian leopard, Nilgai, Wild boar, Sambar, Striped hyena, Sloth bear
•Three red Karauli stone temples devoted to Ganesh, Shiva and Ramlalaji.
•North by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River
•Digamber Jain temple of Lord Sumatinath and Lord Sambhavanath
•Padam Talao is the largest of the many lakes in the park. A red sandstone Jogi Mahal is at the edge of the lake. A
gigantic Banyan tree, considered to be India’s second largest, is also near the lake
SARISKA TIGER RESERVE, RAJASTHAN
• Alwar district
• Copper and marble mining
• Indian leopard, jungle cat, caracal, striped hyena, golden jackal, chital, sambar deer, nilgai
• Scrub-thorn arid forests, dry deciduous forests, grasslands, and rocky hills
• 1st reserve in the world with successfully relocated tigers
• An important biodiversity area in the Northern Aravalli leopard and wildlife corridor.
• Part of the Aravalli Range and the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion.
• All tigers in Sariska became extinct in 2005
MUKANDRA HILLS TIGER RESERVE, RAJASTHAN
• Darrah, Chambal and Jawahar Sagar WSs
• Chambal river
• Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary
• Spread across 4 districts – Bundi, Kota, Jhalawar & Chittorgarh
• 04 rivers that flow in this region, the rivers are Chambal river, Kali river, Ahu river, Ramzan river.
• 02 parallel mountains viz. Mukundra and Gargola.
• It was considered for the introduction of the Asiatic lion.
ACHANMAKAR TIGER RESERVE, CHATTISGARH
• Mungeli district
• Achanmakar- Amarkantak BR
• Indian leopard, gaur, chital, striped hyena, Indian jackal, sloth bear
• Linked by the hilly Kanha-Achanakmar Corridor to the tiger reserve in Kanha, Madhya Pradesh
• Close to Amarkantak, the source of the Son River and Narmada River.
UDANTI-SITANADI TIGER RESERVE, CHATTISGARH
• located in Dhamtari District
• Udanti and Sitanadi
• Udanti River flowing from the west to east

• Sitanadi River that originates in the middle of sanctuary


INDRAVATI TIGER RESERVE, CHATTISGARH
• Indravati river flows from east to west and forms the northern boundary of the reserve with the Indian state of
Maharashtra
• Bijapur District
• Tropical moist and dry deciduous type with predominance of bamboo, sal and teak
• One of the last populations of rare wild buffalo
• Wild Asian buffalo, Nilgai, Blackbuck, Chowsingha, sambar, chital, Indian muntjac, tiger, leopard, sloth bear,
dholes
PANNA TIGER RESERVE, MADHYA PRADESH
• Located in Panna and Chhatarpur districts
• Will be submerged because of Ken-Betwa interlinking
• Ken river passes through it
• Continuity of the Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests belt, which starts from Cape Comorin in South
India, is broken and beyond this the Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests of the great Indo-Gangetic
Plain begins.
• 2012 tiger extinction
• Ken Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary
• Chital, chinkara, nilgai, sambar, sloth bear
BANDHAVGARH TIGER RESERVE, MADHYA PRADESH
• Umaria district
• Maharaja Martand Singh of Rewa captured the first white tiger in this region in 1951
• Sambar, barking deer, nilgai, caracal, striped hyena, Indian wolf, Sarus Crane
• Main zones of the national park are Tala, Magdhi and Khitauli.
SANJAY-DHUBRI TIGER RESERVE, MADHYA PRADESH
• Some part is in Chattisgarh (Guru Ghasidas NP)
• Koriya (last known territory of the Asiatic cheetah in India) District of Chattisgarh and Sidhi, Singrauli
districts of Madhya Pradesh
• Bengal tiger, the Indian Leopard, spotted deer, sambar deer, wild boar, nilgai, chinkara, civet, porcupine
• Located in the Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests ecoregion
• mostly composed of tropical forests of Sakhua (ShoreaÊrobusta) trees
• Comprises Sanjay National Park and the Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary
KANHA TIGER RESERVE, MADHYA PRADESH
• Kanha-Kisli National Park
• Largest NP of Madhya Pradesh & Central India
• Royal Bengal Tiger, Indian leopards, Sloth Bear, Barasingha, Indian wild Dog
• The forest is depicted in Rudyard Kipling’s Jungle Book
• two protected areas, Hallon and Banjar
• First TR to have a mascot- Bhoorsingh, the Barasingha
• Baiga Tribe
SATPURA TIGER RESERVE, MADHYA PRADESH
• Hoshangabad District (newly named Narmadapuram)
• Satpura Range
• Indian bison, tigers, Dholes, Blackbuck, Porcupine,Sambar,Barasingha, Flying Squirrels
• Adjoining Bori and Pachmarhi wildlife sanctuaries
• Mount Dhoopgarh is the highest peak
PENCH TIGER RESERVE-MADHYA PRADESH & MAHARASHTRA
• Straddle across two states – Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
• Southern slopes of Satpura
• Pench river emerges from Mahadeo Hills of Satpuda Ranges and flows from North to South before going on to
join the Kanhan River, while splitting the Park into two, and forming the boundary of Seoni
District and Chhindwara District districts of Madhya Pradesh
• Chital, Sambar, Gaur, Nilgai, Wild pig, Indian muntjac, Chowsingha
• Well-forested areas of Seoni and Chhindwara districts
• National Highway 7 and has two famous entry gates, Turiya and Karmajhiri
• Described in Ain-i-Akbari, and is the setting of Rudyard Kipling’s TheÊJungleÊBook
NAWAGAON-NAGZIRA TIGER RESERVE, MAHARASTRA
• Nawagaon means new village
• Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary
• Gondia district
• Formed out of 2 WSs
• Southern tropical dry deciduous forest
BOR TIGER RESERVE, MAHARASTRA
• Wardha district
• Bor Dam
• Centrally located among several other Bengal tiger habitats including Pench Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra, to the
northeast; Nagzira Navegaon Tiger Reserve, to the east northeast; Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary, to the east
southeast; Tadoba – Andhari Tiger Reserve, to the southeast; Melghat Tiger Reserve, to the west northwest
and Satpura National Park and Tiger Reserve, to the northwest.
• South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with the main species being teak, ain, tendu
TADOBA- ANDHARI TIGER RESERVE, MAHARASTRA
• Tadoba NP and Andhari WS
• Maharastra’s oldest and largest NP in MH
• Chandrapura district
• Andhari river
• Tadoba Reserve covers the Chimur Hills, and the Andhari sanctuary covers the Moharli and Kolsa ranges
• Gond kings once ruled these forests in the vicinity of the Chimur hills
• Predominantly southern tropical dry deciduous forest
SAHYADARI TIGER RESERVE, MAHARASTRA
• Westernmost TR of India
• Part of the ecoregions of North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests and North Western Ghats montane rain
forests
• Form a common boundary between Maharashtra, Karnataka and Goa, and constitute rich evergreen, semi-evergreen
and moist deciduous forests
• Spread over the four districts of Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur and Ratnagiri
• Spreads over Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary forming the northern portion and Chandoli National Park forming the
southern part of the reserve. Recently reserve is extended towards Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary.
MELGHAT TIGER RESERVE, MAHARASTRA
• Among the first 9 TR
• Northern part of Amravati district
• Tapti River and the Gawilgadh ridge of the Satpura Range
• Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, Sloth bear, Indian jackal, sambar, gaur, barking deer, nilgai, cheetal
• tropical dry deciduous in nature, dominated by teak
NAGARJUNASAGAR SRISAILAM TIGER RESERVE
• Found both in AP and Telangana
• Nallamalla hills
• Spreads over five districts, Kurnool District, Prakasam District, Guntur District, Nalgonda
District and Mahbubnagar district.
• Krishna river
• southern tropical dry mixed deciduous forest, Hardwickia forest and Deccan thorn scrub forests with
much Euphorbia scrub
• Largest TR of India
AMRABAD TIGER RESERVE, TELANGANA
• Lies in the Nallamala Hills of Telangana.
• It is India’s second-largest tiger reserve, next only to Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve (Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana).
• It has a large presence of the Chenchu tribe.
• Relics of the fort of Ikshwaku Chandragupta, a ruler of the 3rd century BC are also found
• Contains ruins of the ancient Nagarjuna Viswa Vidyalayam run by the great Buddhist scholar Nagarjunacharya
(150 AD)
• Geo-morphological rock shelters and cave temples such as Akka Mahadevi Bhilam, Dattatreya Bhilam, Umaa
Maheswaram, Kadalivanam, and Palankasari are characteristic of the area
• Lies along a patch where the Nallavagu and Dindi rivers merge, forming a major tributary and catchment of the
Krishna river.
KAWAL TIGER RESERVE, TELANGANA
• Godavari and Kadam rivers
• Located at Jannaram mandal of Mancherial District
• One of the richest teak forests in the state
• Dry Deciduous Teak Forests mixed with Bamboo
• River Kadam (a tributary of Godavari)
PARAMBIKULAM TIGER RESERVE, KERALA
• Palakkad district
• In the Sungam range of hills between the Anaimalai Hills and Nelliampathy Hills
• Lion-tailed macaque, Nilgiri Tahr, Elephants, Bengal tigers,Indian leopards, Wild boar, Sambar, Travancore
Flying Squirrel
• Home of four different tribes of indigenous peoples including the Kadar, Malasar, Muduvar and Mala Malasar
• Teak, neem, sandalwood and rosewood.
PERIYAR TIGER RESERVE, KERALA
• Sabrimala temple
• TR, ER
• Periyar and Pamba rivers
• Cardamom hills and Pandalam hills
• Mullaperiyar dam
• six tribal communities nestled inside the reserve such as Mannans, Paliyans, Malayarayans, Mala Pandarams,
Uralis and Ulladans.
• Tropical evergreen, semi evergreen, moist deciduous forests and grasslands.
• Periyar NP located high in the Cardamom Hills and Pandalam Hills of the south Western Ghats along the border
with Tamil Nadu
SATHYAMANGALAM TIGER RESERVE, TAMIL NADU
• Erode district
• Wildlife corridor in Nilgiri between Western Ghat and Eastern Ghat
• Gateway to Eastern Ghats, is a significant ecosystem and a genetic link between the five other protected areas
which it adjoins, including the Billigiriranga Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, Sigur Plateau, Mudumalai
National Park, Bandipur National Park and the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary
• Mostly tropical dry forest, part of the South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests ecoregion
• Home to indigenous tribal people belonging largely to the Irula tribe (also known as the Urali)
and Soliga communities
MUDUMALAI TIGER RESERVE, TAMIL NADU
• Northwestern side Nilgiri hills (Nilgiri District)
• Indian elephant, Bengal tiger, Gaur, Indian leopard
• Shares its boundaries with the states of Karnataka and Kerala
• Sanctuary is divided into five ranges – Masinagudi, Thepakadu, Mudumalai, Kargudi and Nellakota.
• Critically endangered Indian white-rumped vulture and long-billed vulture.
• Habitat-Tropical moist forest. Tropical dry forest and scrub forests
ANAMALAI TIGER RESERVE, TAMIL NADU
• Anamalai hills
• Indira Gandhi WS and NP
• Coimbatore District and Tiruppur District
• Also called Topslip
• The tribes are the Kadars, Malasars , Malaimalasars, Pulaiyars, Muduvars and the Eravallan (Eravalar).
KALAKAD- MUNDATHURAI TIGER RESERVE, TAMIL NADU
• Southern Western Ghats in Tirunelveli district and Kanyakumari district
• Part of Agasthyamalai BR
• Southernmost TR
• Habitat use by the grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) at Mundanthurai plateau
• Kani Tribal habitations
DANDELI- ANSHI TIGER RESERVE, KARNATAKA
• Also known as Kali TR
• Uttara Kannada district
• Bengal tigers, Black panthers, Indian elephants
• Kali river
• Western Ghat
• Six adjacent protected areas in the states of Goa and Maharashtra
BHADRA TIGER RESERVE, KARNATAKA
• Bhadra river
• Bada Budan Giri range
• Bhadra NP Popularly known as Muthodi Wildlife Sanctuary
• Spread across two districts Shivamogga and Chikmagalur districts.
• Hebbe Giri is the highest peak in the sanctuary.
NAGARHOLE TIGER RESERVE, KARNATAKA
• Kodagu and Mysore district
• Part of Nilgiri BR
• Tiger, Gaur, Elephant, Indian Leopard, Deer
• Brahmagiri hills
• Kabini reservoir separates Bandipore and Nagarhole
• Kabini river
• Adjoining Bandipur Tiger Reserve and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary
• Park ranges the foothills of the Western Ghats spreading down the Brahmagiri hills and south towards Kerala state
• Kabini reservoir separates the two parks (Nagarhole and Bandipur)
• adjoining Bandipur National Park, Mudumalai National Park and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, it forms the largest
protected area in Southern India
• consists mainly of North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests with teak and rosewood predominating in the
southern parts. There is Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests with Pala indigo and thorny wattle
• The Jenu Kurubas, primary inhabitants of this forest area, are a tribe in Karnataka state and their traditional
practices and rituals are slowly disappearing.
• Jenu Kuruba and the Koraga as tribal groups in Karnataka
BANDIPORE TIGER RESERVE, KARNATAKA
• Chamarajanagar district
• Kabini river in north and Moyar river in south
• Night traffic ban
• Lantana lace used to remove Lantana weed
• Indian elephants, Gaurs, tigers, sloth bears, muggers, Indian rock pythons, Four-horned antelopes, jackals, dholes
• Many types of biomes, but dry deciduous forest is dominant.
• Deccan Plateau meets the Western Ghats
• Bandipur NP flanked by the Kabini river in the north and the Moyar river in the south. The Nugu river runs through
the park. Highest point in the park is on a hill called Himavad Gopalaswamy Betta
BILIGIRI RANGASWAMY TEMPLE (B.R.T) TIGER RESERVE, KARNATAKA
•Chamarajanagar district
•Biligiri Rangana Hills
•Biligiri Rangana Swamy Temple WS
•Connects Eastern and the Western Ghats
•White rocky cliff on the top of which is a temple of Lord VISHNU locally known as Rangaswamy.
•Habitat-Dry deciduous type, and are interspersed with moist deciduous, semi-evergreen, evergreen and shola
patches occurring at varying altitudes.
AMANGARH TIGER RESERVE, UTTAR PRADESH
• It is in Amangarh in Bijnor district in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
• Originally part of the famed Jim Corbett National Park, and after the state of Uttarakhand was carved out of Uttar
Pradesh, Jim Corbett went to Uttarakhand and Amangarh remained in Uttar Pradesh.
SRIVILLIPUTHUR-MEGAMALAI TIGER RESERVE, TAMIL NADU
• The Srivilliputhur Megamalai Tiger Reserve will span the forests of Megamalai wildlife sanctuary and
Srivilliputhur grizzled squirrel wildlife sanctuary.
• Srivilluputhur hosts leopards, Nilgiri tahrs, Lion tailed macaques, jungle cats, and sambars.
• 5th in Tamil Nadu
• Vaigai river
RAMGARH VISHDHARI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, RAJASTHAN- India’52nd Tiger Reserve
• 4th tiger reserve of Rajasthan after Ranthambore, Sariska and Mukundra tiger reserves.
• Buffer for the Ranthambore National Park.
• Comprises of hilly dry deciduous forests on Vindhyan formations.
• Development of the Ramgarh Vishdhari area allows them to connect the entire belt from Ranthambore to
Ramgarh in Bundi and Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve in Kota.
GURU GHASIDAS NATIONAL PARK AND TAMOR PINGLA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY-India’s 53rd Tiger
Reserve
• 4th tiger reserve of Chhattisgarh after the Udanti-Sitanadi, Achanakmar, and Indravati Reserves.

• Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary was identified as part of the Sarguja Jashpur Elephant Reserve in 2011.

• Tamor Pingla is in Surajpur district in the northwestern corner of Chhattisgarh


• Guru Ghasidas National Park

• Situated in Koriya district.


• Last known habitat of the Asiatic cheetah in the country.
• Originally part of the Sanjay Dubri National Park.
• Separate entity in Chhattisgarh’s Sarguja region.
• Connects Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh and provides a corridor for tigers to move between the
Bandhavgarh and Palamau Tiger Reserves.
• Bhoramdeo, on the other hand, connects the Indravati Tiger Reserve in Chhattisgarh with the Kanha
Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh and, experts say, the decision to create a Tiger Reserve at Guru Ghasidas
National Park should not affect attempts to notify Bhoramdeo as a Tiger Reserve too.
Prelims inFocus
Future Tiger Reserves in India
• In addition to existing reserves, the in-principal approval has been accorded by the National Tiger Conservation
Authority for the creation of four new tiger reserves, namely Ratapani Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh
and Sunabeda Tiger Reserve in Odisha. Final approval has been accorded to Kudremukh National Park to be
declared as a tiger reserve.
• The State Governments have been advised to send proposals for declaring the following areas as tiger
reserves: Suhelva Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh, Mhadei Sanctuary in Goa, Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife
Sanctuary, Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary and Varushanadu Valley in Tamil Nadu, Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary in
Arunachal Pradesh and Cauvery-MM Hills in Karnataka.
No Tiger Reserves States / UT in India
• Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab,Gujarat, Haryana, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Sikkim,Meghalaya
Other facts
• Madhya Pradesh (526) has the highest tiger population.
• Karnataka (524) has the second highest tiger population.
• Uttarakhand (442) has the third highest tiger population.
• Among the NE states, Assam (190) has the highest tiger population.
• Corbett Tiger Reserve in Uttarakhand has the highest number of 231 big cats in the country while three reserves in
Mizoram, West Bengal and Jharkhand have none
• Tiger Density Reserves (H-L)-Corbett Tiger Reserve (1)-Nagarhole Tiger Reserve (2)-Bandipur Tiger Reserve (3).
• 13 tiger range countries — India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam.
• Petersburg Declaration, MEETR, M-STrIPES
• Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme launched in April 1973 by the Government of India during Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi’s tenure Kailash Sankhala was the first director of Project Tiger.
• As the Bengal Tiger is the national animal of India, this project aims to stem the dwindling population of the big
cats and work to increase their numbers.
• Not to confuse with Pench Tiger Reserve and Pench National Park. Pench Tiger Reserve or Pench National
Park is one of the premier tiger reserves of India and the first one to straddle across two states – Madhya
Pradesh and Maharashtra.
• On the Madhya Pradesh side, the Pench Tiger Reserve encompasses a core area of 411.33 km2 and On the
Maharashtra side, the Pench Tiger Reserve has a core habitat area of 257.3 km2. Pench National Park is a national
park in India’s Madhya Pradesh state.
Source: Wikipedia
Image Credit: Prelim Bits

Image Source: Digital Learn


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