RWS - Lesson 2 - The Writing Process

re-writing
It pertains to different
{ techniques that help you
discover ideas before writing.
“Those who fail to plan,
plan to fail.”
- Benjamin Franklin
Determining the Writing Situations
(Considerations)
1. Know the kind of paper that you’ll be required to write or you want to
create.
2. Determine the writing situation or the context.

- Purpose and reason why you are writing.
3. Determine your audience.
4. Consider the tone you plan to use. Attitude and point of view(first,
second, third)
Selecting & Organizing
Information
Brainstorming
✓ writing down all the words or
ideas that come to your mind
about a topic.
✓ writing down whatever comes to mind
without stopping, but it is different
because it looks more like a list of words
and phrases than a string of sentences.
Freewriting
✓ Writing continuously, letting thoughts
unselfconsciously flow without regards
to spelling, grammar, style etc., and no
corrections are made.
✓ using a topic as a triggering subject and
writing whatever comes to mind,
whether you associate it with the topic
or not.
Graphic Organizer
✓ a way to organize information in
a visual manner to see how ideas
relate to one another
Clustering or Mapping
✓ A graphic representation of
ideas.
Clustering
Mind Map
✓ used to represent knowledge of a
concept or idea.
✓ useful in brainstorming and
exploring topics or ideas
✓ To create it,
begin with an image or a word
that represents the central idea
✓ Then add branches of major ideas
related to the central idea. You can
further expand those ideas by
adding more branches.
Mind Map
VENN DIAGRAM
✓ used to show the similarities and differences
between two or more people, objects, or ideas
✓ uses overlapping circles to represent different
objects or ideas that share similar characteristics
in some way
✓ The intersection or the area where the circles
overlap shows the characteristic that is common
between or among the objects or ideas.
FLOW CHART
✓ used to show the different steps in
a process.
✓ It contains information on stages of
a process in order that must be
completed.
Flow Chart
Hierarchical
topical organizer
✓ shows the order of ideas and their
place in the hierarchy.
Graphs Most Liked Genres
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4.5
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Novels Short Stories Poems
Romance Mystery Comedy

Paragraph
Writing
Paragraph
Paragraph
–Is a group of sentences put

together and deals with one
particular idea.
GOOD
Paragraph
Paragraph
✓Topic sentence
✓Controlling idea
✓Supporting sentences
✓Concluding sentence
Thesis
Statement
Thesis Statement
✓ The controlling idea of your essay
✓ The central idea of an essay.
✓ The sentnce that captures your
position
Thesis Statement
✓ Reflects your purpose for writing.
✓ Constant reminder of your main
point and your stand.
Characteristics
1. Respond to the assignment by following
instructions
2. Expresses the main idea in one or two
sentences
3. Focuses on a specific issue
4. States a stand on a topic
5. Say something meaningful
Characteristics
6. Previews the rest of the essay by
being placed in the introduction
7. Reflects a tone and point-of-view
appropriate to the identified
purpose and audience
GUIDELINES
1. Avoid Making Overly-opinionated Stands
2. Avoid Making Announcement
3. Avoid Stating only Facts
1. Be specific.
Fact- The Philippines is a tropical country.
- The Philippines is a good place for travel
vloggers because of its beautiful beaches.
EXAMPLE
TOPIC:
-general topic of the text or essay.
CORONA VIRUS
EXAMPLE
CONTROLLING IDEA
View or opinion or feeling
People should strictly follow

health protocols.
EXAMPLE
SUB-TOPIC(optional)
- supporting idea.
to prevent the spread of the

coronavirus.
THESIS STATEMENT
People should strictly follow health

protocols in order to prevent the
spread of the coronavirus.
Thesis Statement
TOPIC: CORONAVIRUS
Coronavirus has led people to serious

psychological and emotional problems
for workers.
Thesis Statement
TOPIC: ONLINE GAMES
Playing online games is destroying the

unity of the modern family.
OUTLINE
Outline
✓ Skeletal Framework
✓ is a list of ideas arranged in a
specific order, and it shows how
information is presented in
writing.
Kinds
✓Reading Outline
✓Writing Outline
Kinds - Outline
Reading Outline
➢An outline used to get the main ideas
of a text that us already written.
➢Helps in better understanding the
text’s structure
Kinds - Outline
Writing Outline
➢A Skeletal Overview of your draft
➢Framework of the essay you are about
to create
Types
✓Topic Outline
✓Sentence Outline
Types of
Writing
Outlines
Topic Outline
✓ It uses key words or key phrases
instead of complete sentences.
Topic Outline
✓ Parts: Heading, Subheadings, and

the sub-subheadings
Steps in writing a topic outline
1. Identify your topic, thesis statement,
and purpose for writing.
2. Figure out the main points.
3. Arrange the main points in a logical
order.
4. Identify supporting ideas
5. Evaluate your outline.
Sentence Outline
✓ states the main idea and the

supporting ideas in full sentences.
Steps in writing a Sentence
outline
1. Write your thesis statement.
2. Create a list of main points to support
the thesis.
3. Write a list of supporting ideas for
each main point.
Elements of
an Effective
Paragraph
TOPIC SENTENCE
Main idea of your paragraph

Unity
➢Means that all sentences in a certain
paragraph are related to the topic
sentence
Adequate Development
➢The topic sentence should be
elaborated in the paragraph by using
concrete evidences, relevant facts,
and specific details
Coherence
➢Means that sentences are arranged
in a logical manner, making them
easily understood by the readers.
➢Ideas flows smoothly within and
between sentences
Coherence – Logical Order
1. Chronological Order
➢The details are arranged in order in
which they happened.
2. Spatial Order
➢The sentences of a paragraph are arranged
according to geographical location, such as left
to right, up to down, etc
Coherence – Logical Order
3. Emphatic Order
➢The information found in a paragraph is
arranged to emphasize certain points
depending on the writer’s purpose
Coherence – Signal Devices
SIGNAL DEVICES
➢are words that give readers an idea of how
the points in your paragraph are
progressing.
➢Coherent Devices
Signal Devices
1. TRANSITIONS
➢words and phrases that connect one idea
to another
Signal Devices-Transition
a. TIME
➢first, immediately, afterward, before, at
the same time, after, earlier,
simultaneously, finally, next, in the
meantime, later, eventually, then,
meanwhile, now, subsequently, etc.
b. SEQUENCE
➢ moreover, furthermore, next, also,
finally, last, another, first, second, third,
besides, additionally, etc.
c. SPACE
➢above, next to, below, behind, beside, etc.
d. ILLUSTRATION
➢for instance, specifically, for example, namely,
in this case, to illustrate, etc.
e. COMPARISON
➢similarly, also, in the same way, still, likewise,
in comparison, too, etc.
f. CONTRAST
➢but, despite, however, even though, yet, on
the other hand, although, on the contrary,
otherwise, conversely, etc.
g. CAUSE AND EFFECT
➢because, as a result, consequently, then, so,
since, etc.
h. CONCLUSION
➢thus, therefore, in conclusion, in short, etc.
Signal Devices
2. REPITITION
➢Repetitions of main ideas to keep
continuity and highlight of main ideas.
3. SYNONYMS
➢To avoid or prevent tedious repetitions
Signal Devices
4. PRONOUNS
➢Will connect readers to the original word
that the pronouns replace
5. PARALLELISM
➢Using similar sentence structure
Revising
✓ Murray (2005) Re-seeing the/a entire
draft so that the writer can deal with
the large issues
Editing
✓ Involves line-by-line or word-by-
word issues
✓ Correcting technical grammar errors
Performance Task: The Writing Process
Task 1: Think of a general topic and create a brainstorming list
based on the topic. At the end of this task, you should be able to
come up with a suitable topic and main idea for writing.
Task 2: Use a graphic organizer to organize and to explore the

chosen topic in Task 1.
Task 3: Create a Thesis Statement.
Task 4: Write a suitable outline.

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re-writing

2. Determine the writing situation or the context.

3. Determine your audience.

Romance Mystery Comedy

–Is a group of sentences put

People should strictly follow

to prevent the spread of the

People should strictly follow health

Coronavirus has led people to serious

Playing online games is destroying the

✓ Parts: Heading, Subheadings, and

✓ states the main idea and the

Main idea of your paragraph

Task 2: Use a graphic organizer to organize and to explore the

Task 3: Create a Thesis Statement.

Task 4: Write a suitable outline.

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