Total Quality Management (TQM)

3 of 6 sets

201. The ______________ diagram starts with one item which then branches of
into two or more items. This diagram is used to breakdown broad categories into
finer levels of detail.
A. Affinity
B. Tree
C. Relations
D. Matrix
Answer:B

______________. o m
202. Lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD) is a level of lot quality specified by the

A. Consumer . c
B. Producer te
a
C. Supplier
D. Sampling Plan
q M
Answer:A c
M
203. Machine wear and tear is ______________ source of variation.
A. Random
B. Natural
C. Assignable
D. Cannot be determined
Answer:C

204. Pattern in control charts which show the tendency to cluster around central
line is termed as:
A. Stratification
B. Mixture
C. Cyclic pattern
D. Shift in process level
Answer:A
205. When output product of several sources is fed into a common stream, the
pattern of the control chart expected is:
A. Stratification
B. Trend
C. Mixture
D. Cyclic Pattern
Answer:C

206. A fan blade is specified by length and thickness. While sampling, it was found
that for one particular blade, the length was non-conforming while the thickness
was as per specifications. Should the blade be considered non-conforming for
construction of a p chart?
A. Yes
B. No
C. none
D. none
Answer:A

207. Consider that for a particular process, the p has shifted to .4 and the process
has gone out of control. The corresponding value of beta is found to be .3356. The
value of Average Run Length is:
A. 2.5
B. 1.5 ((1/1-beta) provides us with average run length)
C. 1.0
D. 2.7
Answer:B

208. Consider for a process in control, the value of alpha is .0015. What is the value
of the average run length?
A. 666 ( 1/alpha gives us an estimate of average run length)
B. 555
C. 444
D. None of the above
Answer:A

209. Identify the charts which might give an indication of process going out of
control (before the process has actually changed)

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 A. X bar and c
B. P and c
C. R and u
D. X bar and R
Answer:D

210. The four phases of the Shewart cycle are:

A. Plan, Do, Scan, Implement
B. Plan , Act , Do, Control
C. Plan, Do, Act, Check
D. Implement, Design, Control, Plan
Answer:C

211. For a process which is six sigma complaint, the percentage of products within
specifications is:
A. 95.20%
B. 99.73%
C. 99.10%
D. 96.78%
Answer:B

212. Mistake proofing of process is done in the ______________ stage of DMAIC.

A. Define
B. Measure
C. Improve
D. Control
Answer:C

213. In ______________ step of Quality Function Deployment, product or service

requirements are collected and analyzed through techniques like market research.
A. Identify Customer Attributes
B. Identify Design Attributes / Requirements
C. Conduct an Evaluation of Competing Products.
D. Evaluate Design Attributes and Develop Targets
Answer:A

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214. For a double sampling plan the probability of acceptance on the combined
samples is calculated as:
A. Maximum of probability of acceptance of first and second sample
B. Product of probability of acceptance of first and second sample
C. Average of probability of acceptance of first and second sample
D. Sum of probability of acceptance of first and second sample
Answer:D

215. ______________ can be defined as small subset of a lot.

A. Defect
B. Fraction Acceptable
C. Sample
D. Acceptance Number
Answer:C

216. If the value of D4 = 2.547, D3=0, then what is the UCL and LCL for the R
chart?
A. UCL=1.5, LCL=.4
B. UCL= 1.2, LCL=.2
C. UCL=1.5, LCL=0
D. UCL=1.6, LCL=0
Answer:D

217. Process capability ratio is expressed as:

A. USL+LSL/6?
B. USL-LSL/6?
C. USL-LSL/3?
D. USL-LSL/?
Answer:B

218. Which of the following is the correct combination of specifications while

designing a control chart?
A. Sample size, Frequency of sampling, specification limit
B. Sample size, Frequency of sampling, Number of defects
C. Sample size, Specification limit, process standard deviation
D. Sample size, Process mean, specification limit

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Answer:A

219. For a c chart, the LCL comes out to be -.7. The value of LCL that should be
used is:
A. -.7
B. 0
C. 1
D. None of the above
Answer:B

220. For a Poisson distribution:

A. The mean is greater than the variance
B. The mean is less than variance
C. The mean is equal to the variance
D. Cannot be determined
Answer:C

221. Effective quality control results in:

A. Increase in customer satisfaction
B. Lower cost
C. None of the above
D. Both a and b
Answer:D

222. Effective quality improvement can be instrumental in:

A. Increasing productivity
B. Reducing cost
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above
Answer:C

223. Typically in a cause and effect diagram, the ______________ is used for
classification of causes in the service industry.
A. 5Ms
B. 8Ps
C. 5Ss

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 D. 6Ps
Answer:C

224. Producers risk can be defined as:

A. The probability of rejecting a good lot
B. The probability of accepting a bad lot
C. The probability of accepting a good lot
D. The probability of rejecting a bad lot
Answer:A

225. In critical path method, earliest start is the:

A. The largest Earliest Finish leading to that task
B. The smallest Earliest Finish leading to that task
C. Average of Earliest Finish leading to that task
D. Whenever the task can start
Answer:A

226. Which of the following is not a use of arrow diagram:

A. Determining the best schedule for the entire project
B. Potential Scheduling problem and solution
C. Calculate critical path of the project
D. Identifying defects in a process
Answer:D

227. For an ideal OC curve the probability of acceptance for lot fraction defective
less than .01 is ______________.
A. Equal to 1
B. Less than 1
C. Greater than 1
D. 0
Answer:A

228. If we want to detect small process shifts using x bar chart, we should use a
sample size of:
A. Less than 5
B. 5-10

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 C. 10-15
D. 15-25
Answer:D

229. Factory A produces 100 pieces of wooden legs used in manufacturing tables in
1 hour. The factory in total works for 3 hours. The quality manager decided to
check the quality of the output by measuring the length of the legs (in cms). He
decides to collect three samples (one for each hour). The sample size for each
sample is fixed at 5. The data collected is present in the following table: What is the
mean and range of leg length in sample 1?
A. Mean=10.3;Range=.3
B. Mean=10.1;Range=.8
C. Mean=10.2;Range=.6
D. Mean=9.9;Range=.5
Answer:B

230. The parameters of s2 chart is specified using:

A. Normal Distribution
B. Geometric Distribution
C. Binomial Distribution
D. Chi-square distribution
Answer:D

231. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, which prioritizes different sources of
error, is used in _________________ stage.
A. Define
B. Measure
C. Improve
D. Analyze
Answer:D

232. The South African government is concerned about the high incidence of
HIV/AIDS in South Africa. They wish to estimate the true number of people in
South Africa who are HIV positive. A random sample of 5000 people was tested
and 1980 of them were HIV positive. What is the statistic?
A. The 5000 people sampled
B. All the people in South Africa

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 C. Impossible to calculate from the given information
D. The 1980 people sampled who were HIV positive
Answer:D

233. In case someone is interested in process standard deviation, he should

construct the ______________ chart.
A. X bar
B. R chart
C. S chart
D. None of these
Answer:C

234. The value of Var (3 - 4X) is:

A. 5120 / 9
B. 1280 / 81
C. 5120 / 81
D. 1280 / 9
Answer:C

235. Suppose box A contains 4 red and 5 blue coins and box B contains 6 red and 3
blue coins. A coin is chosen at random from the box A and placed in box B. Finally,
a coin is chosen at random from among those now in box B. What is the
probability a blue coin was transferred from box A to box B given that the coin
chosen from box B is red?
A. 15/29
B. 14/29
C. 1/2
D. 7/10
Answer:A

236. A multiple-choice test has 30 questions. There are 4 choices for each question.
A student who has not studied for the test decides to answer all the questions
randomly by guessing the answer to each question. Which of the following
probability distributions can be used to calculate the student's chance of getting at
least 20 questions right?
A. Exponential
B. Normal

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 C. Poisson
D. Binomial
Answer:D

237. Which of the following is NOT true about the standard error of a statistic?
A. The standard error measures, roughly, the average difference between the statistic and the
population parameter.
B. The standard error is the estimated standard deviation of the sampling distribution for the
statistic.
C. The standard error can never be a negative number.
D. The standard error increases as the sample size(s) increases.
Answer:D

238. A two-tailed test is one where:

A. results in only one direction can lead to rejection of the null hypothesis
B. negative sample means lead to rejection of the null hypothesis
C. results in either of two directions can lead to rejection of the null hypothesis
D. no results lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis
Answer:C

239. The chi-square test can be too sensitive if the sample is:
A. very small
B. very large
C. homogeneous
D. predictable
Answer:B

240. The treatment mean square (MSTR), Mean Square Error (MSE). If the true
means of the k populations are equal, then MSTR/MSE should be:
A. more than 1.00
B. a positive number close to 1.00
C. a positive number close to 0.00
D. a negative value between 0.00 and - 1.00
Answer:B

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241. The error deviations within the residual sum of squares (SSE) statistic
measure distances:
A. within groups
B. between groups
C. between each value and the grand mean
D. none of these
Answer:A

242. In one-way ANOVA, which of the following is used within the F-ratio as a
measurement of the variance of individual observations?
A. The Sum of Square of Treatments (SSTR)
B. The Treatment Mean Square (MSTR)
C. The Residual Sum of Squares (SSE)
D. The Mean Sum of Squares (MSE)
Answer:C

243. You obtained a significant test statistic when comparing three treatments in a
one-way ANOVA. In words, how would you interpret the alternative hypothesis
H(a)?
A. All three treatments have different effects on the mean response.
B. Exactly two of the three treatments have the same effect on the mean response.
C. At least two treatments are different from each other in terms of their effect on the mean
D. Response.
Answer:C

244. Two factors are said to interact when

A. The simple main effects of one factor are not homogeneous across all levels of the other.
B. The simple main effects of one factor are homogeneous across the levels of the other.
C. There are neither main effects nor simple main effects.
D. There are no main effects.
Answer:A

245. How many dependent variables does a two-way ANOVA have?

A. One
B. Two
C. Three

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 D. Four
Answer:A

246. A simple experimental design with two levels of an independent variable

cannot
A. Detect a curvilinear relationship between variables.
B. Detect a monotonic relationship.
C. Reveal a positive relationship.
D. Show a negative relationship outcome.
Answer:A

247. If a researcher planned to have 20 participants in each condition of a 2 x 3

independent group’s factorial design, how many participants would be needed for
this experiment?
A. 40
B. 60
C. 80
D. 120
Answer:D

248. What are the factors in a factorial design?

A. the independent variables
B. the dependent variables
C. the organism variables
D. the experimental variables
Answer:A

249. In a factorial design, a main effect is the ______________.

A. the combined effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable
B. interaction effect of the independent variables and their effect on the dependent
C. the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable
D. interaction of the independent variables
Answer:C

250. During experimental design, a variable is defined as:

A. Treatment

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 B. Factor
C. Variance
D. None of these
Answer:B

251. A researcher conducted a 2 x 2 completely repeated measures factorial design

and planned 15 participants in each condition. How many participants would be
required to conduct this experiment?
A. 15
B. 30
C. 45
D. 60
Answer:A

252. For question 09 - 15, consider the model with the two factors, each at two
levels:
A. 40
B. 20
C. 10
D. 5
Answer:A

253. In a 3 x 3 factorial design, how many conditions are there in the experiment?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 6
D. 9
Answer:D

254. What is the Sum of Squares of Number of Fertilizers (B)?

A. 6.075
B. 39.48
C. 7.19
D. 3.89
Answer:C

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255. What is the degree of freedom of B?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer:B

256. A serious problem can occur in multiple regression analysis if an important

variable is omitted from the list of independent variables. This can lead to
A. Unbiased least squares estimators.
B. Biased least squares estimators.
C. A biased estimator of the variance.
D. All of these
Answer:B

257. What does the Adjusted R squared value tells us?

A. The Adjusted R squared value tells us if there is a positive relationship
B. The Adjusted R squared value tells us if there is a significant difference
C. The Adjusted R squared value tells us if there is a significant relationship
D. The Adjusted R squared value tells us how much of the variance in the dependent variable can
be accounted for by the independent variable
Answer:D

258. The South African government is concerned about the high incidence of
HIV/AIDS in South Africa. They wish to estimate the true number of people in
South Africa who are HIV positive. A random sample of 5000 people was tested
and 1980 of them were HIV positive. What is the parameter of interest?
A. The number of people in South Africa
B. The 5000 people sampled
C. The number of people in South Africa who are HIV positive
D. The 1980 people sampled who were HIV positive
Answer:C

259. Student's t-test is applicable only when:

A. n ? 30 and ? is known
B. n > 30 and ? is unknown

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 C. n = 30 and ? is known
D. All of these
Answer:A

260. An advertising executive is studying television-viewing habits of married men

and women during prime time hours. On the basis of past viewing records, the
executive has determined that during prime time, husbands are watching television
40% of the time. It has also been determined that when the husband is watching
television, 40% of the time the wife is also watching. When the husband is not
watching television, 30% of the time the wife is watching television. Find the
probability that the wife is watching television in prime time.
A. 0.36
B. 0.35
C. 0.34
D. 0.32
Answer:C

261. A result is called "statistically significant" whenever

A. The null hypothesis is true.
B. The alternative hypothesis is true.
C. The p-value is less or equal to the significance level.
D. The p-value is larger than the significance level.
Answer:C

262. The ______________ sum of squares measures the variability of the observed
values around their respective treatment means.
A. treatment
B. error
C. interaction
D. total
Answer:B

263. What must you include when reporting an ANOVA?

A. Standard deviations, Degrees of freedom, Means, F statistic, P value
B. Standard deviations, Means, F statistic, P value
C. Standard deviations, Degrees of freedom, Means, F statistic
D. Degrees of freedom, F statistic, P value

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Answer:A

264. As variability due to chance decreases, the value of F will

A. increase
B. stay the same
C. decrease
D. can't tell from the given information
Answer:A

265. When conducting an ANOVA, the F-Value calculated from the data will
always fall within what ‘range?
A. between negative infinity and infinity
B. between 0 and 1
C. between 0 and infinity
D. between 1 and infinity
Answer:C

266. Two factors are said to be orthogonal when:

A. they are correlated, that is, they cannot vary independently
B. there are equal numbers of participants in all groups
C. they are uncorrelated, that is, they vary independently
D. there is a single control group, with which all the other groups can be compared
Answer:C

267. If we add together the sums of squares for the simple main effects of one
factor at all the different levels of another factor, we shall obtain:
A. The interaction sum of squares for the complete experiment
B. The main effect sum of squares for the second factor, plus the sum of squares for its
interaction with the first factor
C. The main effect sum of squares for the first factor
D. The main effect sum of squares for the first factor, plus the sum of squares for its interaction
with the second factor
Answer:D

268. In a factorial design, a main effect is the ______________.

A. the combined effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable

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 B. interaction effect of the independent variables and their effect on the dependent variable
C. the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable
D. interaction of the independent variables
Answer:C

269. You have carried out a Kruskal-Wallis test. There are significant differences
between the three groups you are testing. How might you conduct your pair wise
comparisons?
A. Use the Mann Whitney test
B. Use the Wilcox on test
C. Use a t-test
D. None of the above. Post hoc analyses cannot be carried out with non parametric data
Answer:A

270. A 2 X 2 factorial
A. Is essentially two designs that have been combined into a single study.
B. Contains four factors.
C. Does not have enough factors to show interactions.
D. Is extremely difficult to interpret if interactions are found.
Answer:A

271. In factorial designs, the number of times a condition is noted is called:

A. Randomization
B. Factorization
C. Replication
D. None of These
Answer:C

272. A factorial design is one in ______________

A. Only one independent variable is studied to determine its effect on the dependent variable
B. Only two independent variables are simultaneously studied to determine their independent and
interactive effects on the dependent variables
C. Two or more independent variables are simultaneously studied to determine their independent
and interactive effects on the dependent variable
D. Two dependent variables are studied to determine their interactive effects

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Answer:C

273. What is the Interaction between memory and cache (MIPS)?

A. 40
B. 20
C. 10
D. 5
Answer:D

274. A researcher is conducting a 3 x 2 factorial experiment. In variable 1

participants are randomly assigned to one of 3 conditions. In variable 2
participants respond to both levels of the independent variable. Which of the
following best describes this study?
A. it is an independent groups design
B. it is a repeated measures group design
C. it is a mixed factorial design
D. it is a simple main effect design
Answer:C

275. Dr. AB is conducting a 2 x 3 factorial experiment. He is interested in the

impact of college major and study method on exam performance. He found that
study method effected exam performance regardless of the participants' major.
Which of the following is true?
A. Dr. AB found a main effect for study method.
B. Dr. AB found a main effect for college major.
C. Dr. AB found a significant interaction between college major and study method.
D. There is not enough information provided to answer this question.
Answer:A

276. What is the value at the position of (III)?

A. 0.04
B. 0.85
C. 0.15
D. 0.033
Answer:B

277. What are residuals?

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 A. Residuals are the differences between the observed and expected dependent variable scores
B. Serendipitous findings
C. Extreme scores
D. Uncontrolled variables
Answer:A

278. An unbiased dice is rolled once. The probability of getting a number greater
than 4 is:
A. 1/4
B. 1/6
C. 1/2
D. 1/3
Answer:D

279. Which of the following statement is true?

A. Only factor A is significant; factor B and the two-factor interaction are not significant.
B. Only factor B is significant; factor A and the two-factor interaction are not significant.
C. Only the two-factor interaction is significant; factor A and factor B are not significant.
D. Factor A and factor B is significant; the two-factor interaction is not significant.
Answer:B

280. What is the purpose of a simple linear regression?

A. To predict scores on a dependent variable from scores on a single independent variable
B. To predict scores on an independent variable from scores on a single dependent variable
C. To predict scores on an independent variable from scores on multiple dependent variables
D. To predict scores on a dependent variable from scores on multiple independent variables
Answer:A

281. Attribute charts may be used when:

A. Several characteristics can be jointly measured
B. When one particular quality characteristic is of importance
C. Specific information like process mean is required
D. None of these
Answer:A

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282. Assume the cholesterol levels in a certain population have mean ? = 200 and
standard deviation ? = 24. The cholesterol levels for a random sample of n = 9
individuals are measured and the sample mean x-bar is determined. What is the z-
score for a sample mean x = 180?
A. -3.75
B. -2.50
C. -0.83
D. 2.50
Answer:B

283. In hypothesis testing, a Type 2 error occurs when

A. The null hypothesis is not rejected when the null hypothesis is true.
B. The null hypothesis is rejected when the null hypothesis is true.
C. The null hypothesis is not rejected when the alternative hypothesis is true.
D. The null hypothesis is rejected when the alternative hypothesis is true.
Answer:C

284. Student's t-statistic is applicable in case of:

A. Equal number of samples
B. Unequal number of samples
C. Small samples
D. All of the above
Answer:D

285. Which of the following assumptions must be met to use an ANOVA?

A. There is only one dependent variable
B. The data must be normally distributed
C. There is homogeneity of variance
D. All of these
Answer:D

286. Which of the following is an assumption of one-way ANOVA comparing

samples from three ‘or more experimental treatments?
A. All the response variables within the k populations follow Normal distributions.
B. The samples associated with each population are randomly selected and are independent from
all other samples.

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 C. The response variable within each of the k populations has equal variances.
D. All of the above.
Answer:D

287. When conducting a one-way ANOVA, the ______________ the between-

treatment variability is when compared to the within-treatment variability, the
______________ the FValue calculated from the data will tend to be.
A. smaller, larger
B. smaller, smaller
C. larger, larger
D. smaller, larger
Answer:B

288. You carried out an ANOVA on a preliminary sample of data. You then
collected additional data from the same groups; the difference being that the
sample sizes for each group were increased by a factor of 10, and the within-group
variability has decreased substantially. Which of the following statements is NOT
correct?
A. The degrees of freedom associated with the error term has increased
B. The degrees of freedom associated with the treatment term has increased
C. The Residual Sum of Squares (SSE) has decreased
D. The F-Value calculated from the data (F-Value) has changed
Answer:B

289. In the two-factor, between subjects (or two-way) ANOVA:

A. The three F tests always have the same power to reject the null hypothesis.
B. The test for an interaction always has more power than the test for a main effect.
C. The power of the F test is not necessarily increased by having larger samples.
D. The three F tests do not always have the same power to reject the null hypothesis.
Answer:D

290. A ______________ effect(s) analysis examines mean differences at each level of

the independent variable.
A. main
B. simple main
C. interaction
D. simple interaction

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Answer:B

291. Factorial designs allow us to study both ______________ effects of the

independent variables on the dependent variables.
A. main and interactive
B. dependent and independent
C. symbiotic and dichotomous
D. rank order and correlation
Answer:A

292. A researcher conducted a 2 x 2 completely repeated measures factorial design

and planned 15 participants in each condition. How many participants would be
required to conduct this experiment?
A. 15
B. 30
C. 45
D. 60
Answer:A

293. Consider two factors A and B, each with two levels. If there is no interaction
between these two factors, the difference in the response variable between the two
levels of factor A would be ______________ the difference between the two levels of
factor B.
A. unrelated to
B. equal to
C. half
D. twice
Answer:B

294. Dr. RNS conducted a ______________ factorial design to examine the effects
of music and room temperature on participant's memory. Participants were
randomly assigned to study a list of nonsense words either listening or not listening
to music in either a warm or cold room.
A. 1 x 2
B. 2 x 4
C. 2 x 2
D. 4 x 4

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Answer:B

295. In factorial designs, the response produced when the treatments of one factor
interact with the treatments of another in influencing the response variable is
known as
A. the main effect
B. interaction
C. replication
D. none of these
Answer:B

296. What is the Variation due to Cache?

A. 84%
B. 76%
C. 19%
D. 5%
Answer:C

297. What is the value at the position of (V)?

A. 0.85
B. 0.15
C. 0.97
D. 0.33
Answer:D

298. The standard error of regression is

A. the square root of the variance of the error term
B. an estimate of the square root of the variance of the error term
C. the square root of the variance of the dependent variable
D. the square root of the variance of the predictions of the dependent variable
Answer:D

299. What is the purpose of a multiple regression?

A. To predict scores on a dependent variable from scores on a single independent variable
B. To predict scores on an independent variable from scores on a single dependent variable
C. To predict scores on an independent variable from scores on multiple dependent variables

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 D. To predict scores on a dependent variable from scores on multiple independent variables
Answer:C

300. The value of E[X] is:

A. 52/18
B. 28/9
C. 52/9
D. 28/18
Answer:C

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