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Static Members
Example 1: Modify static variable in main method and other methods of the class class Main { // static variables a and b static int a = 10; static int b;
static void printStatic()
{ a = a /2; b = a;
System.out.println("printStatic::Value of a : "+a + " Value of b :
"+b); }
public static void main(String[] args)
{ printStatic(); b = a*5; a++;
System.out.println("main::Value of a : "+a + " Value of b : "+b);
} }
Example 2: Static variable as counter
class Counter { static int count=0;//will get memory only once and retain its value
Counter() { count++;//incrementing the value of static variable System.out.println(count); } }
class Main { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println("Values of static counter:"); Counter c1=new Counter(); Counter c2=new Counter(); Counter c3=new Counter(); } } Example 3: Static Method class Main { // static method static void static_method() { System.out.println("Static method in Java...called without any object"); }
public static void main(String[] args)
{ static_method(); } }
Example: Static Method Overloading
public class Main {
public static void static_method() { System.out.println("static_method called "); } public static void static_method(String msg) { System.out.println("static_method(string) called with " + msg); }
Example: Multiple Static Blocks in Java (in sequence execution, valies of first block are overwritten by second block
class JavaExample2{ static int num; static String mystr; //First Static block static{ System.out.println("Static Block 1"); num = 68; mystr = "Block1"; } //Second static block static{ System.out.println("Static Block 2"); num = 98; mystr = "Block2"; } public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println("Value of num: "+num); System.out.println("Value of mystr: "+mystr); } }
Example: Static method accessed directly in static and non-static method
class JavaExample{ static int i = 100; static String s = "Beginnersbook"; //Static method static void display() { System.out.println("i:"+i); System.out.println("i:"+s); }
//non-static method void funcn() { //Static method called in non-static method display(); } //static method public static void main(String args[]) { JavaExample obj = new JavaExample(); //You need to have object to call this non-static method obj.funcn();
//Static method called in another static method
display(); } }
class Human{ .... } class Boy extends Human{ public static void main( String args[]) { /*This statement simply creates an object of class *Boy and assigns a reference of Boy to it*/ Boy obj1 = new Boy();
/* Since Boy extends Human class. The object creation
* can be done in this way. Parent class reference * can have child class reference assigned to it */ Human obj2 = new Boy(); } }
Example: Static Binding
class Human{ public static void walk() { System.out.println("Human walks"); } } class Boy extends Human{ public static void walk(){ System.out.println("Boy walks"); } public static void main( String args[]) { /* Reference is of Human type and object is * Boy type */ Human obj = new Boy(); /* Reference is of HUman type and object is * of Human type. */ Human obj2 = new Human(); obj.walk(); obj2.walk(); } }
Example: Dynamic binding
class Human{ //Overridden Method public void walk() { System.out.println("Human walks"); } } class Demo extends Human{ //Overriding Method public void walk(){ System.out.println("Boy walks"); } public static void main( String args[]) { /* Reference is of Human type and object is * Boy type */ Human obj = new Demo(); /* Reference is of HUman type and object is * of Human type. */ Human obj2 = new Human(); obj.walk(); obj2.walk(); } }
Example: Memory Efficient Static Variable
class Student{ int rollno;//instance variable String name; static String college ="ITS";//static variable //constructor Student(int r, String n){ rollno = r; name = n; } //method to display the values void display (){System.out.println(rollno+" "+name+" "+college);} } //Test class to show the values of objects public class TestStaticVariable1{ public static void main(String args[]){ Student s1 = new Student(111,"Karan"); Student s2 = new Student(222,"Aryan"); //we can change the college of all objects by the single line of code //Student.college="BBDIT"; s1.display(); s2.display(); } }
Example: Counter without static variable
//Java Program to demonstrate the use of an instance variable //which get memory each time when we create an object of the class. class Counter{ int count=0;//will get memory each time when the instance is created
Counter(){ count++;//incrementing value System.out.println(count); }
