For the Course of

EE-222 Microprocessor Systems

Multi-Function Evaluator

Report made by

Azlaan Ranjha

Rana Abdullah Azhar

Bilal Younas Chaudhary

Degree DE-43
EE
Department
Syndicate B

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

NUST College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering (CEME)
 Introduction

The microcontroller used by the system is the PIC18F452, which are renowned for their cutting-
edge capabilities and dependability. It makes it possible for user-specified two-digit numbers to
execute arithmetic operations with ease. Additionally, the microcontroller enables a multiplayer
game of tic tac toe and produces accurate AC sine waves with 5V DC power. A 4-digit PIN code
that users can personalise is included to maintain security. The device has a keypad-based input
mechanism for simple data entry, an LCD display for crystal-clear output, and a reset button for
quick system reboots. Together, these elements produce an intuitive and adaptable interface that
enables effective interaction and customization. Project is battery powered.

Abstract/Proposal Statement

In the Multi-Function Evaluator project, a clever and adaptable system centred on a potent
microcontroller is introduced. This innovative idea combines a number of outstanding elements to
improve user engagement and offer helpful functionalities.

The system provides a fun multiplayer tic-tac-toe game in addition to math. Users can congregate
and compete amicably while planning their strategies and taking pleasure in the traditional game
in a contemporary and dynamic fashion.

By producing an accurate and smooth AC sine wave, the microcontroller takes things to the next
level and demonstrates its adaptability. The device can generate an electrical signal that resembles
the graceful shape of a sine wave despite using a 5V DC power supply, opening up new
opportunities for electronic applications.

The system prioritises security and implements a theft-secure arrangement to handle it. Users can
set a special 4-digit PIN number to make sure that only people with permission can access and use

2
the system. The PIN code's adaptability to the user's preferences gives an extra level of protection
and customisation.

In general, the Multi-Function Evaluator project brings together exciting functionalities with the
capability of a microcontroller. Through mathematical processes, a multiplayer game of tic-tac-
toe, the creation of AC sine waves, and a theft-secure system, it improves user experiences. This
project offers a user-friendly platform for discovery and education in the field of intelligent and
adaptable embedded systems in addition to showcasing the capabilities of the microcontroller.

3
 Components to be used in the Project

Figure 1: PIC18F452 Figure 2: PIC18F452 Pin Out

1. PIC Microcontroller:
A popular 8-bit microcontroller family created by Microchip Technology is the PIC18 family. It
provides a variety of models with various memory and peripheral configurations. Low-power
operation and effective resource utilization are made possible by its efficient architecture. The
PIC18 has a solid and trustworthy reputation and supports a variety of integrated peripherals. An
extensive development environment that includes software tools and an IDE called MPLAB X
supports it. Due to its functionality, accessibility, and community support, the PIC18 is well-liked
among developers of embedded systems. Based on lack of general availability of microcontrollers
in the market, there are two probable PIC18 microcontrollers that we may use in our project:
• PIC18F452:
Microchip Technology created the PIC18F452, an 8-bit microcontroller that is dependable and
adaptable. It has 1536 bytes of RAM for quick data processing and 32 KB of Flash memory for
storing programs. It can communicate with a variety of sensors and devices thanks to integrated
peripherals as timers, UARTs, SPI, I2C, and ADCs. Because of its low power consumption, the
PIC18F452 is appropriate for battery-powered applications. It is supported by an easy-to-use
software development ecosystem that includes the MPLAB X IDE and other tools. In the world of
embedded systems, the PIC18F452 is admired for its speed, memory size, and variety of peripheral
possibilities.

4
 2. LM016L LCD Display:
The LM016L is a small LCD module used in electronic
devices to show characters and symbols. Up to 32 characters
can be displayed at once because of its 16 columns and 2 rows
of space. It guarantees visibility in a variety of lighting
situations thanks to its backlight. With the conventional
parallel connection, the module is simply connected to
microcontrollers. It allows cursor placement for dynamic
content updates and supports a broad variety of characters and
languages. The LM016L is frequently used in gadgets like
digital clocks, metres, and control panels because of how
Figure 5: LM016L LCD Display
easily and adaptably it can show data.

3. Numeric Keypad:
A compact keypad that resembles a grid and has 12
buttons set in a 4 by 3 arrangement is known as a 4x3
numeric keypad. Users can enter numbers and set off
actions. Calculators, security systems, and other gadgets
frequently contain a keypad. The device receives a
signal when a button is pressed, making interaction and
input simple. The 4x3 numeric keypad offers an easy-
to-use method for entering numbers and carrying out
operations in electronic devices.

Figure 6: 4x3 Numeric Keypad

4. 16 MHz Crystal Oscillator and Load Resistors:

It is typical to use two load capacitors when using a 16 MHz crystal oscillator with the PIC18F452
microcontroller. These capacitors, which are positioned on either side of the oscillator, aid in
maintaining timing accuracy and stability. The manufacturer's documentation should be used to
determine the exact values of the load capacitors. In this instance, the combined internal resistance

5
of the crystal oscillator and the entire load capacitance equal 42 pF. It is guaranteed that the
microcontroller will operate consistently and with precise timing if the suggested load capacitors
are used.

Figure 7: 16 MHz Crystal Oscillator

Figure 8: 22 pF Ceramic Capacitor

5. LEDs:
LEDs are semiconductor devices that release light when a forward-
directed electrical current is supplied to them. The energy bandgap of
the semiconductor material employed in the diode determines the color
of the light, which can range from infrared to ultraviolet, including all
the colors of visible light. The LED may be used as a low voltage
alternative to the buzzer as an indicator for metal detection.

Figure 9: Assortment of LEDs

6
 6. Various Resistors(50 kOhm, 10 kOhm and 330
Ohm):
These resistors are supposed to serve different purposes for different
sections of the project. The resistor limits the current that passes
through the circuit. Resistors are fundamental electrical components
used in almost every electronic circuit.

Figure 10: Resistors of Various Values

7. 6.36 nF Capacitor:
In an electrical circuit, a coupling capacitor serves as a filter by
letting desired DC components flow through while blocking
undesired AC impulses. The coupling capacitor's unique filtering
capacity is indicated by its value, which for example is 6.36 nF.
By ensuring that only the desired signals arrive at their destination,
it preserves the circuit's integrity. The coupling capacitor
selectively permits the steady flow of signals while blocking
interruptions brought on by DC bias or offset. Figure 11: 6.36 nF Capacitor

8. 10 kOhm Potentiometer:
A knob or lever called a 10 kOhm potentiometer enables you
to control and modify different electrical settings in electronic
equipment. With three terminals, the resistance between the
wiper and one of the outer terminals can be adjusted by
turning the knob. The precise regulation of output or signal
levels is made possible by this resistance range, which spans
0 ohms to 10 kilo-ohms. Applications for the 10 kOhm
potentiometer include adjusting the brightness of displays,
regulating voltage, and controlling audio loudness. It provides
Figure 12: 10 kOhm Potentiometer

7
an easy approach to adjust electronic systems to your preferred settings.

9. Push Button (Reset Button):

A reset button for the PIC18F452 microcontroller is like a
safety net or restart button for your electronic device. When
pressed, it momentarily connects a special pin on the
microcontroller to trigger a reset operation. This allows you
to recover from errors or unexpected issues and start fresh.
The reset button is connected to the dedicated reset pin, often
labeled as MCLR, and provides a convenient way to restore Figure 13: Push Button (Reset Button)

normal operation and overcome freezes or malfunctions. It's a

valuable feature that gives you peace of mind and ensures the smooth functioning of your device.

10. Battery:
A DC battery is like a portable lunchbox full of energy. Inside, it has a positive end and a negative
end with some special ingredients that cause energy to flow from one end to the other. This energy
powers our devices but doesn't last forever. When it runs out, we need to replace or recharge the
battery.

8
Project Flow Chart

9
 Conclusion

Multi-function evaluator implements various functions using only a single microcontroller chip. The code
generated from software is burnt directly into the microcontroller using PICkit 3.

Once the program code has reached its ending, it can be reset using the switch connected at the master
clear MCLR pin of microcontroller.

Note that pull down resistors are used with keypad to prevent it from being damaged.

Note: There was a slight change in code. Our code was larger than the size of hardware. So, we
removed a section known as ‘2 Digit Calculator’. It is mentioned in the Flow Chart Diagram, but
any mention has been removed from the report.

10