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Eng1b - Topic 2

Simplified module for Senior High

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Resweetcel Bongabong
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21 views3 pages

Eng1b - Topic 2

Simplified module for Senior High

Uploaded by

Resweetcel Bongabong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRIME INNOVATIONS SCHOOL OF SOUTH DAVAO, INC.

Parallel Street, Barangay Tiguman, Digos City, Davao del Sur

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC


AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

ENGLISH 1B
2ND Topic: Structure of an Academic Text

Academic texts - can be articles, conference papers, reviews and theses/dissertations

Characteristics of Academic Text (Barrot & Sipacio, 2016):


(1) Academic Text has clearly structured introduction-body-conclusion;
(2) Academic Text is formal;
(3) Academic Text includes information from credible sources which are properly
cited; and
(4) Academic Text includes a list of references.

Academic texts usually follow an established structure which refers to the internal organization of a text. It
is called Text Structure.

Two Categories of How a Text can be organized


-

The common parts of a text pertain to the I-B-C (Introduction, Body and Conclusion) structure. Each
part consists of sub-components that could help readers identify the main ideas (stated or implied) and
supporting details using patterns of organization.
There are five common patterns of organization used in a text which are as follow:
(1) Description,
(2) Order/Sequence,
(3) Comparison/Contrast,
(4) Cause and Effect, and

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(5) Problem and Solution. Some texts also use the Argument in developing their ideas which begins with a
claim followed by the reasons for the claim then supported by pieces of evidence. It can include a counter-
claim or refutation.
(Gonzales, 2014)

Another component of a text structure is the use of transition words or phrases. These transition words
or phrases are used to show relationships among ideas. They are found all throughout the text parts and
patterns of organization. Transition words or phrases make the connecting of one idea to another idea or
one part to another part of a text formal, clear and organized.

The following show how transition words or phrases are used for specific pattern of organization of ideas.
(Sources: National Education Association, 2019 and University of Tennessee Center for Literacy Studies, 2019)

A. Order/ Sequence: Texts that follow this structure tell the order in which steps in a process or series
of events occur.

B. Comparison/Contrast: Texts that follow this structure tell about the differences and similarities of
two or more objects, places, events or ideas by grouping their traits for comparison.

C. Description/List: This structure resembles an outline. Each section opens with its main idea, and
then elaborates on it, sometimes dividing the elaboration into subsections.

D. Cause and Effect: In texts that follow this structure, the reader is told the result of an event or
occurrence and the reasons it happened.

E. Problem-Solution: This presents a problem and several possible solutions. The author may also
describe the pros and cons of each solution.

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