CONDI

TIONALS

CONDI
TIONALS
 Condi ti
onal
sdescr i
bet heresultofacer t
aincondi
ti
on.
Theifclause-t ell
sy outhecondi ti
on(Ifyoust udyhard)and
Themai ncl ause_tellsyouther esul
t(y ouwil
l passyourexams)
.
Theorderoft hecl
ausesdoesnotchanget hemeani ng.
Exampl es:
I
fyoust udyhard,youwillpassyouexams.
Youwi llpassyourexamsi fyoust udyhar d.
Therearef ourmai ntypesofcondi ti
onal sentences:-
1.Zer
oCondi
ti
onal
Iti
sast r
uctur eusedfortal
kingaboutgeneraltr
utht
hingswhichalwayshappenunder
cer
tainsi
tuations.
Iti
susedt otal kaboutthi
ngswhi charealwaystr
uescient
if
icfact
s,gener
alt
rut
hsand
soon.
Thepatternisif.
..
+present.
..+present.
Exampl es
I
fthedoorbellri
ngs,t
hedogbar ks.
Ifyouheatiron,i
texpands.
I
fyouheatt hewaterto100degrees,itboi
l
s.
I
fyoucool watertozerodegree,
itret
urnsint
oi ce.
Wecanusewheni eadofi
nst f.
Examples
If/
WhenIr eversethecar,
itmakesaf unnynoise.(=Ev
eryt
imeIr
ever
set
hecar
..
.)
Wecanal
souseTy
pe0f
ort
heaut
omat
icr
esul
tofapossi
blef
utur
eact
ion.
Examples
I
ftheteam wi
ntomor
row,
theygetpr
omot
iont
oahi
gherl
eague.
Aswel
last
hepr
esentsi
mpl
e,wecanuset
hecont
inuous.
Examples
Ifyou'
repract
ici
ngont
hedr
ums,
I'
m goi
ngout
.
2.Fi
rstCondi
ti
onal
I
tisalsocal
ledprobabl
eorlikel
ycondit
ion.
I
tisastruct
ureusedfortal
kingaboutpossi
bil
i
tiesi
nthepr
esentorinthefut
ure.
I
tisusedt otal
kaboutt hi
ngswhi char
epossiblei
nthepresentorinthefutur
e-t
hings
whichmayhappen.
Thepatt
ernisif
..
.'
+present.
..+wil
l.
Exampl es
I
fitrai
ns,ther eceptionwi l
ltakeplaceindoor s.
Ifwedon' thurry,we' l
lmisst hetr
ain.
Themi l
kwi l
lgoof fi fyouleaveitbyther adiator
.
I
fyoust udyhar d,youwi llpassthetest.
Unlessyoust udyhar d, ouwon'
y tpassthet est.
Wecanusewi llint heif-clausef oraresult
,somet hi
ngf
urt
heri
nthef
utur
ethant
he
mai
ncl
ause.
Examples
I
fitdoes/
wil
ldomemor
egood,
I'
llt
akeadi
ff
erentmedi
cine.

ByAl
emay
ehuMekonnen
 CONDI
TIONALS

Wecanuseshal
li eadofwi
nst llaf
terI
/we.
Exampl
es
Ifwedon'
thur
ry,
wewi
l
l/shal
lmi
sst
het
rai
n.
Aswel
last
hepr
esentsi
mpl
e,wecanuset
hecont
inuousorper
fect
.
Exampl
es
I
fwe'r
ehavingtenpeopl
etodinner
,we'
llneedmorechairs.
I
fI'
vefi
nishedmyworkbyten,I'
l
lpr
obablywatchafi
lm onTV.
Aswellaswi ll
,wecanuseot hermodalv erbsandsimilarexpr
essi
onsi
nthemai
n
cl
ause.
Examples
Ifwemi sst
hetrain,
wecangetthenextone.
IfSimonishopi
ngt obor
rowthecar,he'
sgoi
ngt
obedi
sappoi
nted.
Ifyouphoneatsix,t
heymightbehavingt
ea.
Wecanal
souset
hei
mper
ati
ve.
Exampl
es
I
fyou'
regoi
ngout
,takeyourkey.
I
fyoudri
nk,
don'
tdri
ve.
Apr
esentt
ensei
nthei
f-
clausecanr
efert
othepr
esent
.
Examples
I
fyouliketennis,you'l
lbewat chingWi mbledonnextweek,
Isuppose.
I
fit
'sr
ai ni
ngal r
eady,I'
m def i
nit
elynotgoingout .
Wecanusewi lli
nt heif
-cl
ausef orwi l
lngnessandwon'
i tf
oraref
usal
.
Examples
I
fever
yonewi l
lhelp,we'llsoongett hejobdone.
I
fthecarwon' tstart
,I'
llhavetoringt hegarage.
Wecanalsousewi l
lintheif-cl
ausef orarequest.
Examples
I
fyou'
lljusttakeaseat ,MrPar sonswi l
lbewi t
hyouinamoment .
3.SecondCondi
ti
onal
I
tisalsocalledimprobableorunlikel
yconditi
on.
I
tisast r
uctur eusedfortal ngaboutunr
ki ealsit
uationint
hepresentori
nthef
utur
e.
I
tisusedt ot alkaboutthingswhichareunr eal(nottr
ueornotpossibl
e)i
nthepresent
orthefutur
et hingswhichdon'torwon'thappen.
Thepat ternisi
f.
..+past..+woul
. d.
I
fIhadl ot
sofmoney, Iwoul dtravelr
oundt heworl
d.
I
fPhill
ivednearerhi
smot her,
hewoul dvi
sithermoreof
ten.
I
'
dtellyoutheansweri fIknewwhati twas.
fIhadami
I l
l
ionbir
r,Iwoul dbuyabi ghouse.
fIwer
I eabi r Iwoul
d, df l
y.
Her
ethepastt enseexpressesanunrealcondi
ti
on.
IfIhadl ot
sofmoneymeanst hatreal
lyIhav
en'
tgotl
otsofmoney
,butIam onl
y
i
maginingit.
Wecanuseshoul dinsteadofwouldafterI
/we.
I
fhadl
otsofmoney,
Iwoul
d/shoul
dtr
avelr
oundt
hewor
ld.
Weal
souset
heTy
pe2pat
ter
nforat
heor
eti
cal
possi
bil
i
tyi
nthef
utur
e.

ByAl
emay
ehuMekonnen
 CONDI
TIONALS

I
fyoul
ostthebook,
youwouldhavet
opayf oranewone.
I
fwecaughttheear
lyt
rai
n,we'
dbeinManchesterbyl
uncht
ime.
I
fwestayedi
nahotel,
itwoul
dbeexpensi
ve.
4.Thi
rdCondi
ti
onal
I
tisal
socalledimpossibl
econdi
tion.
I
tisastruct
ureusedfortal
ki
ngaboutunr ealsi
tuat
ionsinthepast
.
I
tisusedtotalkaboutthi
ngswhichdi dnothappeni nthepast
.
I
tisoft
enusedt oexpresscr
it
ici
sm orr egret
.
a.Thepat t
ernisif
..
.+pastperf
ect .
..+woul d+per f
ect.
I
fyouhadtakenat axi
,youwouldhavegothereinti
me.
I
fI'
dphonedtorenewt hebooks,Iwouldn'
thavehadtopayafine.
Themanwoul dhavediedift
heambul ancehadn'
tarr
ivedsoquickl
y.
We'dhavegonetot hetal
kifwe'dknownabouti t
.(=Wewoul dhav egonei
fwe
hadknown.)
fIhadst
I udiedharder
,Iwoul
dhavepassedtheexams.
Herethepastperfectr
eferst
osomet hi
ngunreal
,animagi
narypastact
ion.
I
fyouhadt akenataximeansthatyoudi
dn'tt
akeone.
Wouldhave( orhadhav e)isnotusedi ntheif
-cl
auseexceptinveryinf
ormal
speech.
I
fyou'
dhavet
akenat
axi
,you'
dhavegother
eont
ime.
Wecanusecoul
d+per
fecti
nthei
f-
clause.
I
fIcoul
dhavewar
nedyoui
nti
me,
Iwoul
dhavedone.
Wecanuseot
hermodal
v bssuchascoul
er dormi
ght
+per
fecti
nthemai
ncl
ause.
I
fI'
dwri
tt
entheaddressdown,Icoul
dhavesavedmyselfsometr
oubl
e.
Thepl
anmightnothaveworkedifwehadn'
thadonegreatpi
eceofl
uck.
Wecanal
sousecont
inuousf
orms.
Ifhehadn'
tbeenevi
ctedbyhi
slandl
ord,hewoul
dn'
thavebeensl
eepi
ngi
nthe
str
eet
s.
Wecanmi
xTy
pes2and3.
IfTom wasabi tmor
eambit
ious,hewouldhavefoundhimsel
fabetterj
ob
yearsago.
Ifyouhadn'
twokenmeupi
nthemi ddl
eoft
henight
,Iwoul
dn'
tfeelsot
ir
ednow.
Wecanal
souseaTy
pe1condi
ti
onwi
thaTy
pe3mai
ncl
ause.
I
fyouknowLondonsowel l
,youshoul
dn'
thavegotl
ost
.
Should,
were,
hadandinv
ersion
Wecanuseshoul dinanif
-clausetotal
kaboutsomethi
ngwhi
chi
spossi
blebutnot
v
eryl
i
kel
y.
I'
m notexpecti
nganycal ls,butifanyoneshoul dri
ng,coul
dyout akeamessage?
Ifyoushouldfai
lill
,wewi llpayyourhospi t
alexpenses.
Wecanal sousehappent o.
Ifanyonehappenst oring/shouldhappent or i
ng,coul
dyout akeamessage?
Somet i
mesweuset hesubj unctiewer
v einsteadofwas.•242( 3)
Ifthepict
urewas/wer egenuine, i
twouldbewor t
hthousandsofpounds.
Ifitwasn'
t/wer
en'tforEmma, I'
dhavenof r
iendsatall
.(=WithoutEmma,
..
.)
Wecanal souseweret oforat heoreti
calpossibil
it
y.

ByAl
emay
ehuMekonnen
 CONDI
TIONALS

I
fthedecisi
onweret
ogoagai
nstus,wewouldappeal
.
Wecanexpressacondi
ti
onwi
thshoul
dorthesubj
uncti
vewer
ebyi
nver
ti
ngt
hesubj
ect
andv
erb.
Shoul
danyoneri
ng,couldyoutakeamessage?
Shoul
dwenotsucceed,theconsequenceswouldbedisast
rous.
Werethepi
ctur
egenuine,i
twouldbewor t
hthousandsofpounds.
Werethedeci
si
ontogoagai nstus,
wewoul dappeal
.
Wecandot
hesamewi
tht
hepastper
fect(
Type3,
).
Hadyout akenat axi ,
youwoul dhavegother eont ime.
Hadt heguest snotcompl ained, not hi
ngwoul dhavebeendone.
I
f,aslongas, unless,incaseet c
1.I
fandwhen
Ifthedoct orcomes, canyoul etheri n?(Thedoct ormi ghtcome.)
Whent hedoct orcomes, canyoul etheri n?(Thedoct orwi l
lcome.)
Weusei f(notwhen)f oranunr eal condi t
ion.
I
fIcoul dseei ntothef ut
ure, I'
dknowwhatt odo.( Ican'tseei ntothefutur
e.)
2.Shortcl auses
Wecanuseashor tclausewi thi fbutwi thoutav er
b.
I
'dli
kear oom f acingt hest reeti f(thatis)possible.
I
f(youar e)i ndiff
iculty,r
ingt hisnumber .
3.Then
Aft
erani f-clausewecanuset heni nthemai nclause.
I
fthef igur esdon'taddup, (
t hen)wemusthavemadeami st
ake.
I
fnooneel sehasr equest edt hebook, (
then)youcanr enewi t.
4.Aslongas, providedet c
Aswel lasi f,wecanal souseas/ sol ongasandpr ovided/ providing(t
hat)toexpr
essa
condi
ti
on.
Youcanr enewabooki nwr it
ingasl ongas/ sol ongasyougi veitsnumber
.
Idon'tmi ndyouusi ngmybi kepr ovided( t
hat )youtakecareofit.
Wear ewi l
li
ngt oacceptyourof ferpr ovi
ding( t
hat)paymentismadewi thi
nseven
days.
Oncondi ti
onthatisf ormal .
Wear ewi l
l
ingtoacceptyourof feroncondi tionthatpaymenti smadewithi
nseven
days.
Wecanuset headv erbial inthatcase( =i fthatisso) .
I
'
vel ostmyt imetabl e.~Wel l,i
nthatcaseI '
llgiveyouanotherone.
Wecanuset hepreposi t
ionsi ncaseofandi ntheeventof .
I
ncaseofdi ff
iculty,ringt hi
snumber .(=Ifyouhav eanydif
f i
cul
ty,
..
.)
Theprepositonswi
i th, withoutandbutf orcanal soexpr essaconditi
on.
Withabi tmor etime, wecoul ddoapr operjob.( =Ifwehadabi tmor et
ime..
.)
Butf orthecli
mat e, Edi nburghwoul dbeaper fectpl
acet ol
ive.
5.Whati fandsuppose/ supposi ng
Af
teracondi
ti
onal
clausewi
tht
heseexpr
essi
ons,
ther
eisof
tennomai
ncl
ause.
Whatiftheti
cketsdon'
tgether
eint
ime?
Suppose/Supposingt
here'
snowher
etopar
k?
6.Unless

ByAl
emay
ehuMekonnen
 CONDI
TIONALS

Unl
essmeans' if..
.not'.
We'regoingt ohaveapi cnicunl
essi trai
ns/ifitdoesn' train.
Youcanr enewabookunl essanotherreaderhasr equest edi t
.
Unlessyour efundmymoney, Ishalltakelegalact ion.
Theadv bot
er herwisemeans' i
fnot
'.
Youareobl i
gedt or efundmymoney.Ot herwiseIshal ltakelegalact
ion.
Wecanuseandandort oexpr essacondi ti
on,especi allyininformalspeech.
TouchmeandI 'l
lscream.( =Ifyoutouchme, I'
llscr eam. )
GoawayorI 'llscream.( =Unlessyougoaway ,I'
llscr eam.)
7.Incase
Youshoul dinsureyourbel ongingsi ncaset heygetst ol
en.(=...becauset
hey
mi
ghtgetst
olen.
)
Itookthreenovel
sonhol
idayi
ncaseIfeltl
ikedoi
ngsomer
eadi
ng.
Wecanuseshoul d.
Takeapi l
lincasethecr
ossi
ngisrough/
shouldberough.
Compareifandi ncase.
I'
l
ldrawsomemoneyoutoft hebankifIneedit
.
(
=I'
l
ldr
awi
toutatt
het
imewhenIneedi
t.
)
I
'
lldr
awsomemoneyoutoft
hebanki
ncaseIneedi
t.
(
=I'
l
ldr
awi
toutbecauseImi
ghtneedi
tlat
er.
)
8.Evenifandwhet her..
.or
Iwouldn'
tgoonacampi ngholiday,evenifyoupaidme.
Joannewoul dn'
twantadogeveni fshehadr oom tokeepone.
Shewouldn'twantadogwhet hershehadr oom foroneornot.
Whetherit
'ssummerorwi nt
er,ourneighboralwayswearsapull
over
.
ACTI
VITY
Chooset hewor dt hatbestcompl etest hesent ence
1.Ifanyonehadcal l
ed,I_ _
___ _______t hem shehadnotbeenathome.
A.wi l
ltellB.woul dtell C.wi l
l hav etold D.woul dhav etold
2.Ifheki l
ledtheman, ast her umourgoes, Idon’tthinkhe_ _
_ __
_______here.
A.woul dbe B.hadbeen C.wi l
lhav ebeen D.woul dhav ebeen
3.IfIsawany onecheat ingont hisexam, Icer t
ainl
y_ ___________reportthecasetotheinvi
gil
ator
.
A.wi l
l B.woul d C.coul d D.shal l
4.IfI_
_ _____
_ _
_ __time, Iwil
l dosomeshoppi ng.
A.had B.hav e C.wi l
l hav e D.am hav i
ng
5.Ifall___________
_wel l,sheshoul dbeher ebef or
ei tget sdark.
A.go B.want C.goes D.hadgone
6.She_ ___________ifthathappenedt oheragai n
A.cr i
es B.willcry C.woul dcr y D.woul dhav ecried
7.IfIcomel ateonemor et i
me, myt eacher _ ______
_ ____notl etmei n.
A.can B.does C.wi ll D.must
8.Hadt heysoughtassi stance,we_ _
_ _________sentoutl if
esav ers.Wedon’ tunderst
andwhyt hey
choset okeepsi l
ent.
A.had B.hav e C.wi llhav e D.woul dhav e
9.Ifdisaster____________,wemustt akeact ionnowt or educet hesizeoft heworl
d’spopul
ati
on.
A.av oided B.i st obeav oided C.wi llbeav oided D.hasbeenav oi
ded
10.Ify ouwer etobeat eacher ,y ou_ _
_ _________hav et ojoinacol legeofeducat i
onandt akethe
necessar ytrai
ning.Youcan’ tjumpi ntot hepr ofessionf rom thest r
eet.

ByAl
emay
ehuMekonnen
 CONDI
TIONALS
A.would B.wi l
l C.shal l D.coul d
11.Iwonderi fI_________
___stil
lseeherali
ve.Shehasbeeni ll
for10y ears.
A.may B.could C.shoul d D.wil
l
12.Ifyouhadn' tpassedthisexam, yourEngl
ishteacher_
_ __
______
_angr ywithy
ou.
A)isgoingt obe B)woul dbe C)will
be D)woul dhavebeen
13.Iwouldhav escoredabove600i nt henat
ionalexam i
fI______ver
ywel l.
A)woul dst udy B)studied C)hadstudied D)havestudied
14.Ifonl
yI_ ________
_hewasi nt own!Iwouldhav emethim.
A.knew B.haveknown C.know D.hadknown
15.IfI
______
_ ___enought i
me,Iwoul dhavesetmuchbet terexam questions.
A.had B.have C.hashad D.hadhad

ByAl
emay
ehuMekonnen