Cane - Jean Troomer

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Title: Cane
Author: Jean Toomer
Contributor: Waldo Frank
Release Date: August 12, 2019 [eBook #60093]

[Most recently updated: March 19, 2021]
Language: English
Character set encoding: UTF-8
Produced by: Tim Lindell, Robert Tonsing, and the Online Distributed Proofreading
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CANE
Jean Toomer
With a Foreword
by
Waldo Frank
Oracular.
Redolent of fermenting syrup,
Purple of the dusk,
Deep-rooted cane.
LIVERIGHT
NEW YORK
COPYRIGHT © 1923 BY BONI & LIVERIGHT

® 1951 BY JEAN TOOMER
1.987654
Standard Book Number: 87140-535-0

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 23-12749
MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
To my grandmother...
FOREWORD vii
READING this book, I had the vision of a land, heretofore sunk in the mists of
muteness, suddenly rising up into the eminence of song. Innumerable books have
been written about the South; some good books have been written in the South. This
book is the South. I do not mean that Cane covers the South or is the South’s full voice.
Merely this: a poet has arisen among our American youth who has known how to turn the
essences and materials of his Southland into the essences and materials of literature. A
poet has arisen in that land who writes, not as a Southerner, not as a rebel against
Southerners, not as a Negro, not as apologist or priest or critic: who writes as a poet. The
fashioning of beauty is ever foremost in his inspiration: not forcedly but simply, and
because these ultimate aspects of his world are to him more real than all its specific
problems. He has made songs and lovely stories of his land ... not of its yesterday, but of
its immediate life. And that has been enough.
How rare this is will be clear to those who have followed with concern the struggle of viii
the South toward literary expression, and the particular trial of that portion of its folk
whose skin is dark. The gifted Negro has been too often thwarted from becoming a poet
because his world was forever forcing him to recollect that he was a Negro. The artist
must lose such lesser identities in the great well of life. The English poet is not forever
protesting and recalling that he is English. It is so natural and easy for him to be English
that he can sing as a man. The French novelist is not forever noting: “This is French.” It
is so atmospheric for him to be French, that he can devote himself to saying: “This is
human.” This is an imperative condition for the creating of deep art. The whole will and
mind of the creator must go below the surfaces of race. And this has been an almost
impossible condition for the American Negro to achieve, forced every moment of his life
into a specific and superficial plane of consciousness.
The first negative significance of Cane is that this so natural and restrictive state of
mind is completely lacking. For Toomer, the Southland is not a problem to be solved; it
is a field of loveliness to be sung: the Georgia Negro is not a downtrodden soul to be ix
uplifted; he is material for gorgeous painting: the segregated self-conscious brown belt of
Washington is not a topic to be discussed and exposed; it is a subject of beauty and of
drama, worthy of creation in literary form.
It seems to me, therefore, that this is a first book in more ways than one. It is a
harbinger of the South’s literary maturity: of its emergence from the obsession put upon
its minds by the unending racial crisis—an obsession from which writers have made their
indirect escape through sentimentalism, exoticism, polemic, “problem” fiction, and moral
melodrama. It marks the dawn of direct and unafraid creation. And, as the initial work of
a man of twenty-seven, it is the harbinger of a literary force of whose incalculable future
I believe no reader of this book will be in doubt.
How typical is Cane of the South’s still virgin soil and of its pressing seeds! and the
book’s chaos of verse, tale, drama, its rhythmic rolling shift from lyrism to narrative,
from mystery to intimate pathos! But read the book through and you will see a complex x
and significant form take substance from its chaos. Part One is the primitive and
evanescent black world of Georgia. Part Two is the threshing and suffering brown world
of Washington, lifted by opportunity and contact into the anguish of self-conscious
struggle. Part Three is Georgia again ... the invasion into this black womb of the ferment
seed: the neurotic, educated, spiritually stirring Negro. As a broad form this is superb,
and the very looseness and unexpected waves of the book’s parts make Cane still more
South, still more of an æsthetic equivalent of the land.
What a land it is! What an Æschylean beauty to its fateful problem! Those of you who
love our South will find here some of your love. Those of you who know it not will
perhaps begin to understand what a warm splendor is at last at dawn.
A feast of moon and men and barking hounds,

An orgy for some genius of the South
With bloodshot eyes and cane-lipped scented mouth
Surprised in making folk-songs....
So, in his still sometimes clumsy stride (for Toomer is finally a poet in prose) the xi
author gives you an inkling of his revelation. An individual force, wise enough to drink
humbly at this great spring of his land ... such is the first impression of Jean Toomer. But
beyond this wisdom and this power (which shows itself perhaps most splendidly in his
complete freedom from the sense of persecution), there rises a figure more significant:
the artist, hard, self-immolating, the artist who is not interested in races, whose domain is
Life. The book’s final Part is no longer “promise”; it is achievement. It is no mere dawn:
it is a bit of the full morning. These materials ... the ancient black man, mute,
inaccessible, and yet so mystically close to the new tumultuous members of his race, the
simple slave Past, the shredding Negro Present, the iridescent passionate dream of the
To-morrow ... are made and measured by a craftsman into an unforgettable music. The
notes of his counterpoint are particular, the themes are of intimate connection with us
Americans. But the result is that abstract and absolute thing called Art.
Waldo Frank.
Certain of these pieces have appeared in Broom, Crisis, Double Dealer,

Liberator, Little Review, Modern Review, Nomad, Prairie, and S 4 N.
To these magazines: thanks.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Foreword, by Waldo Frank vii
Karintha 1
Reapers 6
November Cotton Flower 7
Becky 8
Face 14
Cotton Song 15
Carma 16
Song of the Son 21
Georgia Dusk 22
Fern 24
Nullo 34
Evening Song 35
Esther 36
Conversion 49
Portrait in Georgia 50
Blood-Burning Moon 51
Seventh Street 71
Rhobert 73
Avey 76
Beehive 89
Storm Ending 90
Theater 91
Her Lips Are Copper Wire 101
Calling Jesus 102
Box Seat 104
Prayer 131
Harvest Song 132
Bona and Paul 134
Kabnis 157
KARINTHA 1
Her skin is like dusk on the eastern horizon,

O cant you see it, O cant you see it,
Her skin is like dusk on the eastern horizon
... When the sun goes down.
MEN had always wanted her, this Karintha, even as a child, Karintha carrying beauty,
perfect as dusk when the sun goes down. Old men rode her hobby-horse upon their
knees. Young men danced with her at frolics when they should have been dancing with
their grown-up girls. God grant us youth, secretly prayed the old men. The young fellows
counted the time to pass before she would be old enough to mate with them. This interest
of the male, who wishes to ripen a growing thing too soon, could mean no good to her.
Karintha, at twelve, was a wild flash that told the other folks just what it was to live.
At sunset, when there was no wind, and the pine-smoke from over by the sawmill 2
hugged the earth, and you couldnt see more than a few feet in front, her sudden darting
past you was a bit of vivid color, like a black bird that flashes in light. With the other
children one could hear, some distance off, their feet flopping in the two-inch dust.
Karintha’s running was a whir. It had the sound of the red dust that sometimes makes a
spiral in the road. At dusk, during the hush just after the sawmill had closed down, and
before any of the women had started their supper-getting-ready songs, her voice, high-
pitched, shrill, would put one’s ears to itching. But no one ever thought to make her stop
because of it. She stoned the cows, and beat her dog, and fought the other children...
Even the preacher, who caught her at mischief, told himself that she was as innocently
lovely as a November cotton flower. Already, rumors were out about her. Homes in
Georgia are most often built on the two-room plan. In one, you cook and eat, in the other
you sleep, and there love goes on. Karintha had seen or heard, perhaps she had felt her
parents loving. One could but imitate one’s parents, for to follow them was the way of 3
God. She played “home” with a small boy who was not afraid to do her bidding. That
started the whole thing. Old men could no longer ride her hobby-horse upon their knees.
But young men counted faster.
Her skin is like dusk,
O cant you see it,
Her skin is like dusk,
When the sun goes down.
Karintha is a woman. She who carries beauty, perfect as dusk when the sun goes
down. She has been married many times. Old men remind her that a few years back they
rode her hobby-horse upon their knees. Karintha smiles, and indulges them when she is
in the mood for it. She has contempt for them. Karintha is a woman. Young men run stills
to make her money. Young men go to the big cities and run on the road. Young men go
away to college. They all want to bring her money. These are the young men who
thought that all they had to do was to count time. But Karintha is a woman, and she has 4
had a child. A child fell out of her womb onto a bed of pine-needles in the forest. Pine-
needles are smooth and sweet. They are elastic to the feet of rabbits... A sawmill was
nearby. Its pyramidal sawdust pile smouldered. It is a year before one completely burns.
Meanwhile, the smoke curls up and hangs in odd wraiths about the trees, curls up, and
spreads itself out over the valley... Weeks after Karintha returned home the smoke was so
heavy you tasted it in water. Some one made a song:
Smoke is on the hills. Rise up.
Smoke is on the hills, O rise
And take my soul to Jesus.
Karintha is a woman. Men do not know that the soul of her was a growing thing
ripened too soon. They will bring their money; they will die not having found it out...
Karintha at twenty, carrying beauty, perfect as dusk when the sun goes down. Karintha... 5
Her skin is like dusk on the eastern horizon,

O cant you see it, O cant you see it,
Her skin is like dusk on the eastern horizon
... When the sun goes down.
Goes down...
REAPERS 6
Black reapers with the sound of steel on stones

Are sharpening scythes. I see them place the hones
In their hip-pockets as a thing that’s done,
And start their silent swinging, one by one.
Black horses drive a mower through the weeds,
And there, a field rat, startled, squealing bleeds,
His belly close to ground. I see the blade,
Blood-stained, continue cutting weeds and shade.
NOVEMBER COTTON FLOWER 7
Boll-weevil’s coming, and the winter’s cold,

Made cotton-stalks look rusty, seasons old,
And cotton, scarce as any southern snow,
Was vanishing; the branch, so pinched and slow,
Failed in its function as the autumn rake;
Drouth fighting soil had caused the soil to take
All water from the streams; dead birds were found
In wells a hundred feet below the ground—
Such was the season when the flower bloomed.
Old folks were startled, and it soon assumed
Significance. Superstition saw
Something it had never seen before:
Brown eyes that loved without a trace of fear,
Beauty so sudden for that time of year.
BECKY 8
Becky was the white woman who had two Negro sons. She’s dead;
they’ve gone away. The pines whisper to Jesus. The Bible flaps its leaves
with an aimless rustle on her mound.
BECKY had one Negro son. Who gave it to her? Damn buck nigger, said the white
folks’ mouths. She wouldnt tell. Common, God-forsaken, insane white shameless
wench, said the white folks’ mouths. Her eyes were sunken, her neck stringy, her breasts
fallen, till then. Taking their words, they filled her, like a bubble rising—then she broke.
Mouth setting in a twist that held her eyes, harsh, vacant, staring... Who gave it to her?
Low-down nigger with no self-respect, said the black folks’ mouths. She wouldnt tell.
Poor Catholic poor-white crazy woman, said the black folks’ mouths. White folks and
black folks built her cabin, fed her and her growing baby, prayed secretly to God who’d
put His cross upon her and cast her out.
When the first was born, the white folks said they’d have no more to do with her. And 9
black folks, they too joined hands to cast her out... The pines whispered to Jesus.. The
railroad boss said not to say he said it, but she could live, if she wanted to, on the narrow
strip of land between the railroad and the road. John Stone, who owned the lumber and
the bricks, would have shot the man who told he gave the stuff to Lonnie Deacon, who
stole out there at night and built the cabin. A single room held down to earth... O fly
away to Jesus ... by a leaning chimney...
Six trains each day rumbled past and shook the ground under her cabin. Fords, and
horse- and mule-drawn buggies went back and forth along the road. No one ever saw her.
Trainmen, and passengers who’d heard about her, threw out papers and food. Threw out
little crumpled slips of paper scribbled with prayers, as they passed her eye-shaped piece
of sandy ground. Ground islandized between the road and railroad track. Pushed up
where a blue-sheen God with listless eyes could look at it. Folks from the town took 10
turns, unknown, of course, to each other, in bringing corn and meat and sweet potatoes.
Even sometimes snuff... O thank y Jesus... Old David Georgia, grinding cane and boiling
syrup, never went her way without some sugar sap. No one ever saw her. The boy grew
up and ran around. When he was five years old as folks reckoned it, Hugh Jourdon saw
him carrying a baby. “Becky has another son,” was what the whole town knew. But
nothing was said, for the part of man that says things to the likes of that had told itself
that if there was a Becky, that Becky now was dead.
The two boys grew. Sullen and cunning... O pines, whisper to Jesus; tell Him to come
and press sweet Jesus-lips against their lips and eyes... It seemed as though with those
two big fellows there, there could be no room for Becky. The part that prayed wondered
if perhaps she’d really died, and they had buried her. No one dared ask. They’d beat and
cut a man who meant nothing at all in mentioning that they lived along the road. White
or colored? No one knew, and least of all themselves. They drifted around from job to 11
job. We, who had cast out their mother because of them, could we take them in? They
answered black and white folks by shooting up two men and leaving town. “Godam the
white folks; godam the niggers,” they shouted as they left town. Becky? Smoke curled up
from her chimney; she must be there. Trains passing shook the ground. The ground
shook the leaning chimney. Nobody noticed it. A creepy feeling came over all who saw
that thin wraith of smoke and felt the trembling of the ground. Folks began to take her
food again. They quit it soon because they had a fear. Becky if dead might be a hant, and
if alive—it took some nerve even to mention it... O pines, whisper to Jesus...
It was Sunday. Our congregation had been visiting at Pulverton, and were coming
home. There was no wind. The autumn sun, the bell from Ebenezer Church, listless and
heavy. Even the pines were stale, sticky, like the smell of food that makes you sick.
Before we turned the bend of the road that would show us the Becky cabin, the horses 12
stopped stock-still, pushed back their ears, and nervously whinnied. We urged, then
whipped them on. Quarter of a mile away thin smoke curled up from the leaning
chimney... O pines, whisper to Jesus... Goose-flesh came on my skin though there still
was neither chill nor wind. Eyes left their sockets for the cabin. Ears burned and
throbbed. Uncanny eclipse! fear closed my mind. We were just about to pass... Pines
shout to Jesus!.. the ground trembled as a ghost train rumbled by. The chimney fell into
the cabin. Its thud was like a hollow report, ages having passed since it went off. Barlo
and I were pulled out of our seats. Dragged to the door that had swung open. Through the
dust we saw the bricks in a mound upon the floor. Becky, if she was there, lay under
them. I thought I heard a groan. Barlo, mumbling something, threw his Bible on the pile.
(No one has ever touched it.) Somehow we got away. My buggy was still on the road.
The last thing that I remember was whipping old Dan like fury; I remember nothing after
that—that is, until I reached town and folks crowded round to get the true word of it. 13
Becky was the white woman who had two Negro sons. She’s dead;
they’ve gone away. The pines whisper to Jesus. The Bible flaps its leaves
with an aimless rustle on her mound.
FACE 14
Hair—
silver-gray,
like streams of stars,
Brows—
recurved canoes
quivered by the ripples blown by pain,
Her eyes—
mist of tears
condensing on the flesh below
And her channeled muscles
are cluster grapes of sorrow
purple in the evening sun
nearly ripe for worms.
COTTON SONG 15
Come, brother, come. Lets lift it;

Come now, hewit! roll away!
Shackles fall upon the Judgment Day
But lets not wait for it.
God’s body’s got a soul,
Bodies like to roll the soul,
Cant blame God if we dont roll,
Come, brother, roll, roll!
Cotton bales are the fleecy way
Weary sinner’s bare feet trod,
Softly, softly to the throne of God,
“We aint agwine t wait until th Judgment Day!
Nassur; nassur,
Hump.
Eoho, eoho, roll away!
We aint agwine t wait until th Judgment Day!”
God’s body’s got a soul,
Bodies like to roll the soul,
Cant blame God if we dont roll,
Come, brother, roll, roll!
CARMA 16
Wind is in the cane. Come along.

Cane leaves swaying, rusty with talk,
Scratching choruses above the guinea’s squawk,
CARMA, in overalls, and strong as any man, stands behind the old brown mule,
driving the wagon home. It bumps, and groans, and shakes as it crosses the railroad
track. She, riding it easy. I leave the men around the stove to follow her with my eyes
down the red dust road. Nigger woman driving a Georgia chariot down an old dust road.
Dixie Pike is what they call it. Maybe she feels my gaze, perhaps she expects it. Anyway,
she turns. The sun, which has been slanting over her shoulder, shoots primitive rockets
into her mangrove-gloomed, yellow flower face. Hi! Yip! God has left the Moses-people
for the nigger. “Gedap.” Using reins to slap the mule, she disappears in a cloudy rumble
at some indefinite point along the road.
(The sun is hammered to a band of gold. Pine-needles, like mazda, are brilliantly 17
aglow. No rain has come to take the rustle from the falling sweet-gum leaves. Over in the
forest, across the swamp, a sawmill blows its closing whistle. Smoke curls up. Marvelous
web spun by the spider sawdust pile. Curls up and spreads itself pine-high above the
branch, a single silver band along the eastern valley. A black boy ... you are the most
sleepiest man I ever seed, Sleeping Beauty ... cradled on a gray mule, guided by the
hollow sound of cow-bells, heads for them through a rusty cotton field. From down the
railroad track, the chug-chug of a gas engine announces that the repair gang is coming
home. A girl in the yard of a whitewashed shack not much larger than the stack of worn
ties piled before it, sings. Her voice is loud. Echoes, like rain, sweep the valley. Dusk
takes the polish from the rails. Lights twinkle in scattered houses. From far away, a sad
strong song. Pungent and composite, the smell of farmyards is the fragrance of the
woman. She does not sing; her body is a song. She is in the forest, dancing. Torches flare 18
.. juju men, greegree, witch-doctors .. torches go out... The Dixie Pike has grown from a
goat path in Africa.
Night.
Foxie, the bitch, slicks back her ears and barks at the rising moon.)
Wind is in the corn. Come along.

Corn leaves swaying, rusty with talk,
Wind is in the corn. Come along.
Carma’s tale is the crudest melodrama. Her husband’s in the gang. And its her fault he
got there. Working with a contractor, he was away most of the time. She had others. No
one blames her for that. He returned one day and hung around the town where he picked
up week-old boasts and rumors... Bane accused her. She denied. He couldnt see that she
was becoming hysterical. He would have liked to take his fists and beat her. Who was
strong as a man. Stronger. Words, like corkscrews, wormed to her strength. It fizzled out.
Grabbing a gun, she rushed from the house and plunged across the road into a cane- 19
brake.. There, in quarter heaven shone the crescent moon... Bane was afraid to follow till
he heard the gun go off. Then he wasted half an hour gathering the neighbor men. They
met in the road where lamp-light showed tracks dissolving in the loose earth about the
cane. The search began. Moths flickered the lamps. They put them out. Really, because
she still might be live enough to shoot. Time and space have no meaning in a canefield.
No more than the interminable stalks... Some one stumbled over her. A cry went up.
From the road, one would have thought that they were cornering a rabbit or a skunk... It
is difficult carrying dead weight through cane. They placed her on the sofa. A curious,
nosey somebody looked for the wound. This fussing with her clothes aroused her. Her
eyes were weak and pitiable for so strong a woman. Slowly, then like a flash, Bane came
to know that the shot she fired, with averted head, was aimed to whistle like a dying
hornet through the cane. Twice deceived, and one deception proved the other. His head
went off. Slashed one of the men who’d helped, the man who’d stumbled over her. Now 20
he’s in the gang. Who was her husband. Should she not take others, this Carma, strong as
a man, whose tale as I have told it is the crudest melodrama?

Cane leaves swaying, rusty with talk,
SONG OF THE SON 21
Pour O pour that parting soul in song,

O pour it in the sawdust glow of night,
Into the velvet pine-smoke air to-night,
And let the valley carry it along.
And let the valley carry it along.
O land and soil, red soil and sweet-gum tree,
So scant of grass, so profligate of pines,
Now just before an epoch’s sun declines
Thy son, in time, I have returned to thee,
Thy son, I have in time returned to thee.
In time, for though the sun is setting on
A song-lit race of slaves, it has not set;
Though late, O soil, it is not too late yet
To catch thy plaintive soul, leaving, soon gone,
Leaving, to catch thy plaintive soul soon gone.
O Negro slaves, dark purple ripened plums,
Squeezed, and bursting in the pine-wood air,
Passing, before they stripped the old tree bare
One plum was saved for me, one seed becomes
An everlasting song, a singing tree,
Caroling softly souls of slavery,
What they were, and what they are to me,
Caroling softly souls of slavery.
GEORGIA DUSK 22
The sky, lazily disdaining to pursue

The setting sun, too indolent to hold
A lengthened tournament for flashing gold,
Passively darkens for night’s barbecue,
A feast of moon and men and barking hounds,
An orgy for some genius of the South
With blood-hot eyes and cane-lipped scented mouth,
Surprised in making folk-songs from soul sounds.
The sawmill blows its whistle, buzz-saws stop,
And silence breaks the bud of knoll and hill,
Soft settling pollen where plowed lands fulfill
Their early promise of a bumper crop.
Smoke from the pyramidal sawdust pile
Curls up, blue ghosts of trees, tarrying low
Where only chips and stumps are left to show
The solid proof of former domicile.
Meanwhile, the men, with vestiges of pomp,
Race memories of king and caravan,
High-priests, an ostrich, and a juju-man,
Go singing through the footpaths of the swamp.
23
Their voices rise ... the pine trees are guitars,
Strumming, pine-needles fall like sheets of rain...
Their voices rise ... the chorus of the cane
Is caroling a vesper to the stars...
O singers, resinous and soft your songs
Above the sacred whisper of the pines,
Give virgin lips to cornfield concubines,
Bring dreams of Christ to dusky cane-lipped throngs.
FERN 24
FACE flowed into her eyes. Flowed in soft cream foam and plaintive ripples, in such a
way that wherever your glance may momentarily have rested, it immediately
thereafter wavered in the direction of her eyes. The soft suggestion of down slightly
darkened, like the shadow of a bird’s wing might, the creamy brown color of her upper
lip. Why, after noticing it, you sought her eyes, I cannot tell you. Her nose was aquiline,
Semitic. If you have heard a Jewish cantor sing, if he has touched you and made your
own sorrow seem trivial when compared with his, you will know my feeling when I
follow the curves of her profile, like mobile rivers, to their common delta. They were
strange eyes. In this, that they sought nothing—that is, nothing that was obvious and
tangible and that one could see, and they gave the impression that nothing was to be
denied. When a woman seeks, you will have observed, her eyes deny. Fern’s eyes desired
nothing that you could give her; there was no reason why they should withhold. Men saw 25
her eyes and fooled themselves. Fern’s eyes said to them that she was easy. When she
was young, a few men took her, but got no joy from it. And then, once done, they felt
bound to her (quite unlike their hit and run with other girls), felt as though it would take
them a lifetime to fulfill an obligation which they could find no name for. They became
attached to her, and hungered after finding the barest trace of what she might desire. As
she grew up, new men who came to town felt as almost everyone did who ever saw her:
that they would not be denied. Men were everlastingly bringing her their bodies.
Something inside of her got tired of them, I guess, for I am certain that for the life of her
she could not tell why or how she began to turn them off. A man in fever is no trifling
thing to send away. They began to leave her, baffled and ashamed, yet vowing to
themselves that some day they would do some fine thing for her: send her candy every
week and not let her know whom it came from, watch out for her wedding-day and give
her a magnificent something with no name on it, buy a house and deed it to her, rescue 26
her from some unworthy fellow who had tricked her into marrying him. As you know,
men are apt to idolize or fear that which they cannot understand, especially if it be a
woman. She did not deny them, yet the fact was that they were denied. A sort of
superstition crept into their consciousness of her being somehow above them. Being
above them meant that she was not to be approached by anyone. She became a virgin.
Now a virgin in a small southern town is by no means the usual thing, if you will believe
me. That the sexes were made to mate is the practice of the South. Particularly, black
folks were made to mate. And it is black folks whom I have been talking about thus far.
What white men thought of Fern I can arrive at only by analogy. They let her alone.
Anyone, of course, could see her, could see her eyes. If you walked up the Dixie Pike
most any time of day, you’d be most like to see her resting listless-like on the railing of
her porch, back propped against a post, head tilted a little forward because there was a
nail in the porch post just where her head came which for some reason or other she never 27
took the trouble to pull out. Her eyes, if it were sunset, rested idly where the sun, molten
and glorious, was pouring down between the fringe of pines. Or maybe they gazed at the
gray cabin on the knoll from which an evening folk-song was coming. Perhaps they
followed a cow that had been turned loose to roam and feed on cotton-stalks and corn
leaves. Like as not they’d settle on some vague spot above the horizon, though hardly a
trace of wistfulness would come to them. If it were dusk, then they’d wait for the search-
light of the evening train which you could see miles up the track before it flared across
the Dixie Pike, close to her home. Wherever they looked, you’d follow them and then
waver back. Like her face, the whole countryside seemed to flow into her eyes. Flowed
into them with the soft listless cadence of Georgia’s South. A young Negro, once, was
looking at her, spellbound, from the road. A white man passing in a buggy had to flick
him with his whip if he was to get by without running him over. I first saw her on her
porch. I was passing with a fellow whose crusty numbness (I was from the North and 28
suspected of being prejudiced and stuck-up) was melting as he found me warm. I asked
him who she was. “That’s Fern,” was all that I could get from him. Some folks already
thought that I was given to nosing around; I let it go at that, so far as questions were
concerned. But at first sight of her I felt as if I heard a Jewish cantor sing. As if his
singing rose above the unheard chorus of a folk-song. And I felt bound to her. I too had
my dreams: something I would do for her. I have knocked about from town to town too
much not to know the futility of mere change of place. Besides, picture if you can, this
cream-colored solitary girl sitting at a tenement window looking down on the indifferent
throngs of Harlem. Better that she listen to folk-songs at dusk in Georgia, you would say,
and so would I. Or, suppose she came up North and married. Even a doctor or a lawyer,
say, one who would be sure to get along—that is, make money. You and I know, who
have had experience in such things, that love is not a thing like prejudice which can be
bettered by changes of town. Could men in Washington, Chicago, or New York, more 29
than the men of Georgia, bring her something left vacant by the bestowal of their bodies?
You and I who know men in these cities will have to say, they could not. See her out and
out a prostitute along State Street in Chicago. See her move into a southern town where
white men are more aggressive. See her become a white man’s concubine... Something I
must do for her. There was myself. What could I do for her? Talk, of course. Push back
the fringe of pines upon new horizons. To what purpose? and what for? Her? Myself?
Men in her case seem to lose their selfishness. I lost mine before I touched her. I ask you,
friend (it makes no difference if you sit in the Pullman or the Jim Crow as the train
crosses her road), what thoughts would come to you—that is, after you’d finished with
the thoughts that leap into men’s minds at the sight of a pretty woman who will not deny
them; what thoughts would come to you, had you seen her in a quick flash, keen and
intuitively, as she sat there on her porch when your train thundered by? Would you have
got off at the next station and come back for her to take her where? Would you have 30
completely forgotten her as soon as you reached Macon, Atlanta, Augusta, Pasadena,
Madison, Chicago, Boston, or New Orleans? Would you tell your wife or sweetheart
about a girl you saw? Your thoughts can help me, and I would like to know. Something I
would do for her...
One evening I walked up the Pike on purpose, and stopped to say hello. Some of her
family were about, but they moved away to make room for me. Damn if I knew how to
begin. Would you? Mr. and Miss So-and-So, people, the weather, the crops, the new
preacher, the frolic, the church benefit, rabbit and possum hunting, the new soft drink
they had at old Pap’s store, the schedule of the trains, what kind of town Macon was,
Negro’s migration north, boll-weevils, syrup, the Bible—to all these things she gave a
yassur or nassur, without further comment. I began to wonder if perhaps my own
emotional sensibility had played one of its tricks on me. “Lets take a walk,” I at last
ventured. The suggestion, coming after so long an isolation, was novel enough, I guess,
to surprise. But it wasnt that. Something told me that men before me had said just that as 31
a prelude to the offering of their bodies. I tried to tell her with my eyes. I think she
understood. The thing from her that made my throat catch, vanished. Its passing left her
visible in a way I’d thought, but never seen. We walked down the Pike with people on all
the porches gaping at us. “Doesnt it make you mad?” She meant the row of petty
gossiping people. She meant the world. Through a canebrake that was ripe for cutting,
the branch was reached. Under a sweet-gum tree, and where reddish leaves had dammed
the creek a little, we sat down. Dusk, suggesting the almost imperceptible procession of
giant trees, settled with a purple haze about the cane. I felt strange, as I always do in
Georgia, particularly at dusk. I felt that things unseen to men were tangibly immediate. It
would not have surprised me had I had vision. People have them in Georgia more often
than you would suppose. A black woman once saw the mother of Christ and drew her in
charcoal on the courthouse wall... When one is on the soil of one’s ancestors, most
anything can come to one... From force of habit, I suppose, I held Fern in my arms—that 32
is, without at first noticing it. Then my mind came back to her. Her eyes, unusually weird
and open, held me. Held God. He flowed in as I’ve seen the countryside flow in. Seen
men. I must have done something—what, I dont know, in the confusion of my emotion.
She sprang up. Rushed some distance from me. Fell to her knees, and began swaying,
swaying. Her body was tortured with something it could not let out. Like boiling sap it
flooded arms and fingers till she shook them as if they burned her. It found her throat,
and spattered inarticulately in plaintive, convulsive sounds, mingled with calls to Christ
Jesus. And then she sang, brokenly. A Jewish cantor singing with a broken voice. A
child’s voice, uncertain, or an old man’s. Dusk hid her; I could hear only her song. It
seemed to me as though she were pounding her head in anguish upon the ground. I
rushed to her. She fainted in my arms.
There was talk about her fainting with me in the canefield. And I got one or two ugly
looks from town men who’d set themselves up to protect her. In fact, there was talk of 33
making me leave town. But they never did. They kept a watch-out for me, though.
Shortly after, I came back North. From the train window I saw her as I crossed her road.
Saw her on her porch, head tilted a little forward where the nail was, eyes vaguely
focused on the sunset. Saw her face flow into them, the countryside and something that I
call God, flowing into them... Nothing ever really happened. Nothing ever came to Fern,
not even I. Something I would do for her. Some fine unnamed thing... And, friend, you?
She is still living, I have reason to know. Her name, against the chance that you might
happen down that way, is Fernie May Rosen.
NULLO 34
A spray of pine-needles,
Dipped in western horizon gold,
Fell onto a path.
Dry moulds of cow-hoofs.
In the forest.
Rabbits knew not of their falling,
Nor did the forest catch aflame.
EVENING SONG 35
Full moon rising on the waters of my heart,

Lakes and moon and fires,
Cloine tires,
Holding her lips apart.
Promises of slumber leaving shore to charm the moon,
Miracle made vesper-keeps,
Cloine sleeps,
And I’ll be sleeping soon.
Cloine, curled like the sleepy waters where the moon-waves start,
Radiant, resplendently she gleams,
Cloine dreams,
Lips pressed against my heart.
ESTHER 36
Nine.
ESTHER’S hair falls in soft curls about her high-cheek-boned chalk-white face.
Esther’s hair would be beautiful if there were more gloss to it. And if her face were
not prematurely serious, one would call it pretty. Her cheeks are too flat and dead for a
girl of nine. Esther looks like a little white child, starched, frilled, as she walks slowly
from her home towards her father’s grocery store. She is about to turn in Broad from
Maple Street. White and black men loafing on the corner hold no interest for her. Then a
strange thing happens. A clean-muscled, magnificent, black-skinned Negro, whom she
had heard her father mention as King Barlo, suddenly drops to his knees on a spot called
the Spittoon. White men, unaware of him, continue squirting tobacco juice in his
direction. The saffron fluid splashes on his face. His smooth black face begins to glisten 37
and to shine. Soon, people notice him, and gather round. His eyes are rapturous upon the
heavens. Lips and nostrils quiver. Barlo is in a religious trance. Town folks know it. They
are not startled. They are not afraid. They gather round. Some beg boxes from the
grocery stores. From old McGregor’s notion shop. A coffin-case is pressed into use.
Folks line the curb-stones. Business men close shop. And Banker Warply parks his car
close by. Silently, all await the prophet’s voice. The sheriff, a great florid fellow whose
leggings never meet around his bulging calves, swears in three deputies. “Wall, y cant
never tell what a nigger like King Barlo might be up t.” Soda bottles, five fingers full of
shine, are passed to those who want them. A couple of stray dogs start a fight. Old
Goodlow’s cow comes flopping up the street. Barlo, still as an Indian fakir, has not
moved. The town bell strikes six. The sun slips in behind a heavy mass of horizon cloud.
The crowd is hushed and expectant. Barlo’s under jaw relaxes, and his lips begin to
move.
“Jesus has been awhisperin strange words deep down, O way down deep, deep in my 38
ears.”
Hums of awe and of excitement.
“He called me to His side an said, 'Git down on your knees beside me, son, Ise gwine t
whisper in your ears.’”
An old sister cries, “Ah, Lord.”
“'Ise agwine t whisper in your ears,’ he said, an I replied, 'Thy will be done on earth as
it is in heaven.’”
“Ah, Lord. Amen. Amen.”
“An Lord Jesus whispered strange good words deep down, O way down deep, deep in
my ears. An He said, 'Tell em till you feel your throat on fire.’ I saw a vision. I saw a man
arise, an he was big an black an powerful—”
Some one yells, “Preach it, preacher, preach it!”
“—but his head was caught up in th clouds. An while he was agazin at th heavens,
heart filled up with th Lord, some little white-ant biddies came an tied his feet to chains.
They led him t th coast, they led him t th sea, they led him across th ocean an they didnt
set him free. The old coast didnt miss him, an th new coast wasnt free, he left the old- 39
coast brothers, t give birth t you an me. O Lord, great God Almighty, t give birth t you an
me.”
Barlo pauses. Old gray mothers are in tears. Fragments of melodies are being
hummed. White folks are touched and curiously awed. Off to themselves, white and
black preachers confer as to how best to rid themselves of the vagrant, usurping fellow.
Barlo looks as though he is struggling to continue. People are hushed. One can hear
weevils work. Dusk is falling rapidly, and the customary store lights fail to throw their
feeble glow across the gray dust and flagging of the Georgia town. Barlo rises to his full
height. He is immense. To the people he assumes the outlines of his visioned African. In
a mighty voice he bellows:
“Brothers an sisters, turn your faces t th sweet face of the Lord, an fill your hearts with
glory. Open your eyes an see th dawnin of th mornin light. Open your ears—”
Years afterwards Esther was told that at that very moment a great, heavy, rumbling
voice actually was heard. That hosts of angels and of demons paraded up and down the
streets all night. That King Barlo rode out of town astride a pitch-black bull that had a 40
glowing gold ring in its nose. And that old Limp Underwood, who hated niggers, woke
up next morning to find that he held a black man in his arms. This much is certain: an
inspired Negress, of wide reputation for being sanctified, drew a portrait of a black
madonna on the court-house wall. And King Barlo left town. He left his image indelibly
upon the mind of Esther. He became the starting point of the only living patterns that her
mind was to know.
Sixteen.
Esther begins to dream. The low evening sun sets the windows of McGregor’s notion
shop aflame. Esther makes believe that they really are aflame. The town fire department
rushes madly down the road. It ruthlessly shoves black and white idlers to one side. It
whoops. It clangs. It rescues from the second-story window a dimpled infant which she
claims for her own. How had she come by it? She thinks of it immaculately. It is a sin to 41
think of it immaculately. She must dream no more. She must repent her sin. Another
dream comes. There is no fire department. There are no heroic men. The fire starts. The
loafers on the corner form a circle, chew their tobacco faster, and squirt juice just as fast
as they can chew. Gallons on top of gallons they squirt upon the flames. The air reeks
with the stench of scorched tobacco juice. Women, fat chunky Negro women, lean
scrawny white women, pull their skirts up above their heads and display the most
ludicrous underclothes. The women scoot in all directions from the danger zone. She
alone is left to take the baby in her arms. But what a baby! Black, singed, woolly,
tobacco-juice baby—ugly as sin. Once held to her breast, miraculous thing: its breath is
sweet and its lips can nibble. She loves it frantically. Her joy in it changes the town folks’
jeers to harmless jealousy, and she is left alone.
Twenty-two.
Esther’s schooling is over. She works behind the counter of her father’s grocery store. 42
“To keep the money in the family,” so he said. She is learning to make distinctions
between the business and the social worlds. “Good business comes from remembering
that the white folks dont divide the niggers, Esther. Be just as black as any man who has
a silver dollar.” Esther listlessly forgets that she is near white, and that her father is the
richest colored man in town. Black folk who drift in to buy lard and snuff and flour of
her, call her a sweet-natured, accommodating girl. She learns their names. She forgets
them. She thinks about men. “I dont appeal to them. I wonder why.” She recalls an affair
she had with a little fair boy while still in school. It had ended in her shame when he as
much as told her that for sweetness he preferred a lollipop. She remembers the salesman
from the North who wanted to take her to the movies that first night he was in town. She
refused, of course. And he never came back, having found out who she was. She thinks
of Barlo. Barlo’s image gives her a slightly stale thrill. She spices it by telling herself his
glories. Black. Magnetically so. Best cotton picker in the county, in the state, in the 43
whole world for that matter. Best man with his fists, best man with dice, with a razor.
Promoter of church benefits. Of colored fairs. Vagrant preacher. Lover of all the women
for miles and miles around. Esther decides that she loves him. And with a vague sense of
life slipping by, she resolves that she will tell him so, whatever people say, the next time
he comes to town. After the making of this resolution which becomes a sort of wedding
cake for her to tuck beneath her pillow and go to sleep upon, she sees nothing of Barlo
for five years. Her hair thins. It looks like the dull silk on puny corn ears. Her face pales
until it is the color of the gray dust that dances with dead cotton leaves...
Esther is twenty-seven.
Esther sells lard and snuff and flour to vague black faces that drift in her store to ask
for them. Her eyes hardly see the people to whom she gives change. Her body is lean and 44
beaten. She rests listlessly against the counter, too weary to sit down. From the street
some one shouts, “King Barlo has come back to town.” He passes her window, driving a
large new car. Cut-out open. He veers to the curb, and steps out. Barlo has made money
on cotton during the war. He is as rich as anyone. Esther suddenly is animate. She goes to
her door. She sees him at a distance, the center of a group of credulous men. She hears
the deep-bass rumble of his talk. The sun swings low. McGregor’s windows are aflame
again. Pale flame. A sharply dressed white girl passes by. For a moment Esther wishes
that she might be like her. Not white; she has no need for being that. But sharp, sporty,
with get-up about her. Barlo is connected with that wish. She mustnt wish. Wishes only
make you restless. Emptiness is a thing that grows by being moved. “I’ll not think. Not
wish. Just set my mind against it.” Then the thought comes to her that those purposeless,
easy-going men will possess him, if she doesnt. Purpose is not dead in her, now that she
comes to think of it. That loose women will have their arms around him at Nat Bowle’s 45
place to-night. As if her veins are full of fired sun-bleached southern shanties, a swift
heat sweeps them. Dead dreams, and a forgotten resolution are carried upward by the
flames. Pale flames. “They shant have him. Oh, they shall not. Not if it kills me they
shant have him.” Jerky, aflutter, she closes the store and starts home. Folks lazing on
store window-sills wonder what on earth can be the matter with Jim Crane’s gal, as she
passes them. “Come to remember, she always was a little off, a little crazy, I reckon.”
Esther seeks her own room, and locks the door. Her mind is a pink mesh-bag filled with
baby toes.
Using the noise of the town clock striking twelve to cover the creaks of her departure,
Esther slips into the quiet road. The town, her parents, most everyone is sound asleep.
This fact is a stable thing that comforts her. After sundown a chill wind came up from the
west. It is still blowing, but to her it is a steady, settled thing like the cold. She wants her
mind to be like that. Solid, contained, and blank as a sheet of darkened ice. She will not
permit herself to notice the peculiar phosphorescent glitter of the sweet-gum leaves. 46
Their movement would excite her. Exciting too, the recession of the dull familiar homes
she knows so well. She doesnt know them at all. She closes her eyes, and holds them
tightly. Wont do. Her being aware that they are closed recalls her purpose. She does not
want to think of it. She opens them. She turns now into the deserted business street. The
corrugated iron canopies and mule- and horse-gnawed hitching posts bring her a strange
composure. Ghosts of the commonplaces of her daily life take stride with her and
become her companions. And the echoes of her heels upon the flagging are rhythmically
monotonous and soothing. Crossing the street at the corner of McGregor’s notion shop,
she thinks that the windows are a dull flame. Only a fancy. She walks faster. Then runs.
A turn into a side street brings her abruptly to Nat Bowle’s place. The house is squat and
dark. It is always dark. Barlo is within. Quietly she opens the outside door and steps in.
She passes through a small room. Pauses before a flight of stairs down which people’s
voices, muffled, come. The air is heavy with fresh tobacco smoke. It makes her sick. She 47
wants to turn back. She goes up the steps. As if she were mounting to some great height,
her head spins. She is violently dizzy. Blackness rushes to her eyes. And then she finds
that she is in a large room. Barlo is before her.
“Well, I’m sholy damned—skuse me, but what, what brought you here, lil milk-white
gal?”
“You.” Her voice sounds like a frightened child’s that calls homeward from some point
miles away.
“Me?”
“Yes, you Barlo.”
“This aint th place fer y. This aint th place fer y.”
“I know. I know. But I’ve come for you.”
“For me for what?”
She manages to look deep and straight into his eyes. He is slow at understanding.
Guffaws and giggles break out from all around the room. A coarse woman’s voice
remarks, “So thats how th dictie niggers does it.” Laughs. “Mus give em credit fo their
gall.”
Esther doesnt hear. Barlo does. His faculties are jogged. She sees a smile, ugly and 48
repulsive to her, working upward through thick licker fumes. Barlo seems hideous. The
thought comes suddenly, that conception with a drunken man must be a mighty sin. She
draws away, frozen. Like a somnambulist she wheels around and walks stiffly to the
stairs. Down them. Jeers and hoots pelter bluntly upon her back. She steps out. There is
no air, no street, and the town has completely disappeared.
CONVERSION 49
African Guardian of Souls,

Drunk with rum,
Feasting on a strange cassava,
Yielding to new words and a weak palabra
Of a white-faced sardonic god—
Grins, cries
Amen,
Shouts hosanna.
PORTRAIT IN GEORGIA 50
Hair—braided chestnut, coiled like a lyncher’s rope,

Eyes—fagots,
Lips—old scars, or the first red blisters,
Breath—the last sweet scent of cane,
And her slim body, white as the ash of black flesh after flame.
BLOOD-BURNING MOON 51
UPhewn
from the skeleton stone walls, up from the rotting floor boards and the solid hand-
beams of oak of the pre-war cotton factory, dusk came. Up from the dusk the
full moon came. Glowing like a fired pine-knot, it illumined the great door and soft
showered the Negro shanties aligned along the single street of factory town. The full
moon in the great door was an omen. Negro women improvised songs against its spell.
Louisa sang as she came over the crest of the hill from the white folks’ kitchen. Her
skin was the color of oak leaves on young trees in fall. Her breasts, firm and up-pointed
like ripe acorns. And her singing had the low murmur of winds in fig trees. Bob Stone,
younger son of the people she worked for, loved her. By the way the world reckons
things, he had won her. By measure of that warm glow which came into her mind at
thought of him, he had won her. Tom Burwell, whom the whole town called Big Boy, 52
also loved her. But working in the fields all day, and far away from her, gave him no
chance to show it. Though often enough of evenings he had tried to. Somehow, he never
got along. Strong as he was with hands upon the ax or plow, he found it difficult to hold
her. Or so he thought. But the fact was that he held her to factory town more firmly than
he thought for. His black balanced, and pulled against, the white of Stone, when she
thought of them. And her mind was vaguely upon them as she came over the crest of the
hill, coming from the white folks’ kitchen. As she sang softly at the evil face of the full
moon.
A strange stir was in her. Indolently, she tried to fix upon Bob or Tom as the cause of
it. To meet Bob in the canebrake, as she was going to do an hour or so later, was nothing
new. And Tom’s proposal which she felt on its way to her could be indefinitely put off.
Separately, there was no unusual significance to either one. But for some reason, they
jumbled when her eyes gazed vacantly at the rising moon. And from the jumble came the
stir that was strangely within her. Her lips trembled. The slow rhythm of her song grew 53
agitant and restless. Rusty black and tan spotted hounds, lying in the dark corners of
porches or prowling around back yards, put their noses in the air and caught its tremor.
They began plaintively to yelp and howl. Chickens woke up and cackled. Intermittently,
all over the countryside dogs barked and roosters crowed as if heralding a weird dawn or
some ungodly awakening. The women sang lustily. Their songs were cotton-wads to stop
their ears. Louisa came down into factory town and sank wearily upon the step before her
home. The moon was rising towards a thick cloud-bank which soon would hide it.
Red nigger moon. Sinner!

Blood-burning moon. Sinner!
Come out that fact’ry door.
Up from the deep dusk of a cleared spot on the edge of the forest a mellow glow arose
and spread fan-wise into the low-hanging heavens. And all around the air was heavy with
the scent of boiling cane. A large pile of cane-stalks lay like ribboned shadows upon the 54
ground. A mule, harnessed to a pole, trudged lazily round and round the pivot of the
grinder. Beneath a swaying oil lamp, a Negro alternately whipped out at the mule, and
fed cane-stalks to the grinder. A fat boy waddled pails of fresh ground juice between the
grinder and the boiling stove. Steam came from the copper boiling pan. The scent of cane
came from the copper pan and drenched the forest and the hill that sloped to factory
town, beneath its fragrance. It drenched the men in circle seated around the stove. Some
of them chewed at the white pulp of stalks, but there was no need for them to, if all they
wanted was to taste the cane. One tasted it in factory town. And from factory town one
could see the soft haze thrown by the glowing stove upon the low-hanging heavens.
Old David Georgia stirred the thickening syrup with a long ladle, and ever so often
drew it off. Old David Georgia tended his stove and told tales about the white folks,
about moonshining and cotton picking, and about sweet nigger gals, to the men who sat
there about his stove to listen to him. Tom Burwell chewed cane-stalk and laughed with 55
the others till someone mentioned Louisa. Till some one said something about Louisa
and Bob Stone, about the silk stockings she must have gotten from him. Blood ran up
Tom’s neck hotter than the glow that flooded from the stove. He sprang up. Glared at the
men and said, “She’s my gal.” Will Manning laughed. Tom strode over to him. Yanked
him up and knocked him to the ground. Several of Manning’s friends got up to fight for
him. Tom whipped out a long knife and would have cut them to shreds if they hadnt
ducked into the woods. Tom had had enough. He nodded to Old David Georgia and
swung down the path to factory town. Just then, the dogs started barking and the roosters
began to crow. Tom felt funny. Away from the fight, away from the stove, chill got to
him. He shivered. He shuddered when he saw the full moon rising towards the cloud-
bank. He who didnt give a godam for the fears of old women. He forced his mind to
fasten on Louisa. Bob Stone. Better not be. He turned into the street and saw Louisa
sitting before her home. He went towards her, ambling, touched the brim of a 56
marvelously shaped, spotted, felt hat, said he wanted to say something to her, and then
found that he didnt know what he had to say, or if he did, that he couldnt say it. He
shoved his big fists in his overalls, grinned, and started to move off.
“Youall want me, Tom?”
“Thats what us wants, sho, Louisa.”
“Well, here I am—”
“An here I is, but that aint ahelpin none, all th same.”
“You wanted to say something?..”
“I did that, sho. But words is like th spots on dice: no matter how y fumbles em,
there’s times when they jes wont come. I dunno why. Seems like th love I feels fo yo
done stole m tongue. I got it now. Whee! Louisa, honey, I oughtnt tell y, I feel I oughtnt
cause yo is young an goes t church an I has had other gals, but Louisa I sho do love y. Lil
gal, Ise watched y from them first days when youall sat right here befo yo door befo th
well an sang sometimes in a way that like t broke m heart. Ise carried y with me into th
fields, day after day, an after that, an I sho can plow when yo is there, an I can pick 57
cotton. Yassur! Come near beatin Barlo yesterday. I sho did. Yassur! An next year if ole
Stone’ll trust me, I’ll have a farm. My own. My bales will buy yo what y gets from white
folks now. Silk stockings an purple dresses—course I dont believe what some folks been
whisperin as t how y gets them things now. White folks always did do for niggers what
they likes. An they jes cant help alikin yo, Louisa. Bob Stone likes y. Course he does. But
not th way folks is awhisperin. Does he, hon?”
“I dont know what you mean, Tom.”
“Course y dont. Ise already cut two niggers. Had t hon, t tell em so. Niggers always
tryin t make somethin out a nothin. An then besides, white folks aint up t them tricks so
much nowadays. Godam better not be. Leastawise not with yo. Cause I wouldnt stand f
it. Nassur.”
“What would you do, Tom?”
“Cut him jes like I cut a nigger.”
“No, Tom—”
“I said I would an there aint no mo to it. But that aint th talk f now. Sing, honey
Louisa, an while I’m listenin t y I’ll be makin love.” 58
Tom took her hand in his. Against the tough thickness of his own, hers felt soft and
small. His huge body slipped down to the step beside her. The full moon sank upward
into the deep purple of the cloud-bank. An old woman brought a lighted lamp and hung it
on the common well whose bulky shadow squatted in the middle of the road, opposite
Tom and Louisa. The old woman lifted the well-lid, took hold the chain, and began
drawing up the heavy bucket. As she did so, she sang. Figures shifted, restless-like,
between lamp and window in the front rooms of the shanties. Shadows of the figures
fought each other on the gray dust of the road. Figures raised the windows and joined the
old woman in song. Louisa and Tom, the whole street, singing:
Bob Stone sauntered from his veranda out into the gloom of fir trees and magnolias. 59
The clear white of his skin paled, and the flush of his cheeks turned purple. As if to
balance this outer change, his mind became consciously a white man’s. He passed the
house with its huge open hearth which, in the days of slavery, was the plantation cookery.
He saw Louisa bent over that hearth. He went in as a master should and took her. Direct,
honest, bold. None of this sneaking that he had to go through now. The contrast was
repulsive to him. His family had lost ground. Hell no, his family still owned the niggers,
practically. Damned if they did, or he wouldnt have to duck around so. What would they
think if they knew? His mother? His sister? He shouldnt mention them, shouldnt think of
them in this connection. There in the dusk he blushed at doing so. Fellows about town
were all right, but how about his friends up North? He could see them incredible,
repulsed. They didnt know. The thought first made him laugh. Then, with their eyes still
upon him, he began to feel embarrassed. He felt the need of explaining things to them.
Explain hell. They wouldnt understand, and moreover, who ever heard of a Southerner 60
getting on his knees to any Yankee, or anyone. No sir. He was going to see Louisa to-
night, and love her. She was lovely—in her way. Nigger way. What way was that?
Damned if he knew. Must know. He’d known her long enough to know. Was there
something about niggers that you couldnt know? Listening to them at church didnt tell
you anything. Looking at them didnt tell you anything. Talking to them didnt tell you
anything—unless it was gossip, unless they wanted to talk. Of course, about farming, and
licker, and craps—but those werent nigger. Nigger was something more. How much
more? Something to be afraid of, more? Hell no. Who ever heard of being afraid of a
nigger? Tom Burwell. Cartwell had told him that Tom went with Louisa after she reached
home. No sir. No nigger had ever been with his girl. He’d like to see one try. Some
position for him to be in. Him, Bob Stone, of the old Stone family, in a scrap with a
nigger over a nigger girl. In the good old days... Ha! Those were the days. His family had
lost ground. Not so much, though. Enough for him to have to cut through old Lemon’s 61
canefield by way of the woods, that he might meet her. She was worth it. Beautiful
nigger gal. Why nigger? Why not, just gal? No, it was because she was nigger that he
went to her. Sweet... The scent of boiling cane came to him. Then he saw the rich glow of
the stove. He heard the voices of the men circled around it. He was about to skirt the
clearing when he heard his own name mentioned. He stopped. Quivering. Leaning
against a tree, he listened.
“Bad nigger. Yassur, he sho is one bad nigger when he gets started.”
“Tom Burwell’s been on th gang three times fo cuttin men.”
“What y think he’s agwine t do t Bob Stone?”
“Dunno yet. He aint found out. When he does— Baby!”
“Aint no tellin.”
“Young Stone aint no quitter an I ken tell y that. Blood of th old uns in his veins.”
“Thats right. He’ll scrap, sho.”

“Be gettin too hot f niggers round this away.”
“Shut up, nigger. Y dont know what y talkin bout.”
Bob Stone’s ears burned as though he had been holding them over the stove. Sizzling 62
heat welled up within him. His feet felt as if they rested on red-hot coals. They stung him
to quick movement. He circled the fringe of the glowing. Not a twig cracked beneath his
feet. He reached the path that led to factory town. Plunged furiously down it. Halfway
along, a blindness within him veered him aside. He crashed into the bordering canebrake.
Cane leaves cut his face and lips. He tasted blood. He threw himself down and dug his
fingers in the ground. The earth was cool. Cane-roots took the fever from his hands.
After a long while, or so it seemed to him, the thought came to him that it must be time
to see Louisa. He got to his feet and walked calmly to their meeting place. No Louisa.
Tom Burwell had her. Veins in his forehead bulged and distended. Saliva moistened the
dried blood on his lips. He bit down on his lips. He tasted blood. Not his own blood; Tom
Burwell’s blood. Bob drove through the cane and out again upon the road. A hound
swung down the path before him towards factory town. Bob couldnt see it. The dog
loped aside to let him pass. Bob’s blind rushing made him stumble over it. He fell with a 63
thud that dazed him. The hound yelped. Answering yelps came from all over the
countryside. Chickens cackled. Roosters crowed, heralding the bloodshot eyes of
southern awakening. Singers in the town were silenced. They shut their windows down.
Palpitant between the rooster crows, a chill hush settled upon the huddled forms of Tom
and Louisa. A figure rushed from the shadow and stood before them. Tom popped to his
feet.
“Whats y want?”
“I’m Bob Stone.”
“Yassur—an I’m Tom Burwell. Whats y want?”
Bob lunged at him. Tom side-stepped, caught him by the shoulder, and flung him to
the ground. Straddled him.
“Let me up.”
“Yassur—but watch yo doins, Bob Stone.”
A few dark figures, drawn by the sound of scuffle stood about them. Bob sprang to his
feet.
“Fight like a man, Tom Burwell, an I’ll lick y.”
Again he lunged. Tom side-stepped and flung him to the ground. Straddled him. 64
“Get off me, you godam nigger you.”

“Yo sho has started somethin now. Get up.”
Tom yanked him up and began hammering at him. Each blow sounded as if it smashed
into a precious, irreplaceable soft something. Beneath them, Bob staggered back. He
reached in his pocket and whipped out a knife.
“Thats my game, sho.”
Blue flash, a steel blade slashed across Bob Stone’s throat. He had a sweetish sick
feeling. Blood began to flow. Then he felt a sharp twitch of pain. He let his knife drop.
He slapped one hand against his neck. He pressed the other on top of his head as if to
hold it down. He groaned. He turned, and staggered towards the crest of the hill in the
direction of white town. Negroes who had seen the fight slunk into their homes and blew
the lamps out. Louisa, dazed, hysterical, refused to go indoors. She slipped, crumbled,
her body loosely propped against the woodwork of the well. Tom Burwell leaned against
it. He seemed rooted there.
Bob reached Broad Street. White men rushed up to him. He collapsed in their arms. 65
“Tom Burwell....”
White men like ants upon a forage rushed about. Except for the taut hum of their
moving, all was silent. Shotguns, revolvers, rope, kerosene, torches. Two high-powered
cars with glaring search-lights. They came together. The taut hum rose to a low roar.
Then nothing could be heard but the flop of their feet in the thick dust of the road. The
moving body of their silence preceded them over the crest of the hill into factory town. It
flattened the Negroes beneath it. It rolled to the wall of the factory, where it stopped.
Tom knew that they were coming. He couldnt move. And then he saw the search-lights of
the two cars glaring down on him. A quick shock went through him. He stiffened. He
started to run. A yell went up from the mob. Tom wheeled about and faced them. They
poured down on him. They swarmed. A large man with dead-white face and flabby
cheeks came to him and almost jabbed a gun-barrel through his guts.
“Hands behind y, nigger.”
Tom’s wrist were bound. The big man shoved him to the well. Burn him over it, and 66
when the woodwork caved in, his body would drop to the bottom. Two deaths for a
godam nigger. Louisa was driven back. The mob pushed in. Its pressure, its momentum
was too great. Drag him to the factory. Wood and stakes already there. Tom moved in the
direction indicated. But they had to drag him. They reached the great door. Too many to
get in there. The mob divided and flowed around the walls to either side. The big man
shoved him through the door. The mob pressed in from the sides. Taut humming. No
words. A stake was sunk into the ground. Rotting floor boards piled around it. Kerosene
poured on the rotting floor boards. Tom bound to the stake. His breast was bare. Nails
scratches let little lines of blood trickle down and mat into the hair. His face, his eyes
were set and stony. Except for irregular breathing, one would have thought him already
dead. Torches were flung onto the pile. A great flare muffled in black smoke shot
upward. The mob yelled. The mob was silent. Now Tom could be seen within the flames.
Only his head, erect, lean, like a blackened stone. Stench of burning flesh soaked the air. 67
Tom’s eyes popped. His head settled downward. The mob yelled. Its yell echoed against
the skeleton stone walls and sounded like a hundred yells. Like a hundred mobs yelling.
Its yell thudded against the thick front wall and fell back. Ghost of a yell slipped through
the flames and out the great door of the factory. It fluttered like a dying thing down the
single street of factory town. Louisa, upon the step before her home, did not hear it, but
her eyes opened slowly. They saw the full moon glowing in the great door. The full
moon, an evil thing, an omen, soft showering the homes of folks she knew. Where were
they, these people? She’d sing, and perhaps they’d come out and join her. Perhaps Tom
Burwell would come. At any rate, the full moon in the great door was an omen which she
must sing to:
SEVENTH STREET 71
Money burns the pocket, pocket hurts,

Bootleggers in silken shirts,
Ballooned, zooming Cadillacs,
Whizzing, whizzing down the street-car tracks.
SEVENTH STREET is a bastard of Prohibition and the War. A crude-boned, soft-

skinned wedge of nigger life breathing its loafer air, jazz songs and love, thrusting
unconscious rhythms, black reddish blood into the white and whitewashed wood of
Washington. Stale soggy wood of Washington. Wedges rust in soggy wood... Split it! In
two! Again! Shred it! .. the sun. Wedges are brilliant in the sun; ribbons of wet wood dry
and blow away. Black reddish blood. Pouring for crude-boned soft-skinned life, who set
you flowing? Blood suckers of the War would spin in a frenzy of dizziness if they drank
your blood. Prohibition would put a stop to it. Who set you flowing? White and
whitewash disappear in blood. Who set you flowing? Flowing down the smooth asphalt
of Seventh Street, in shanties, brick office buildings, theaters, drug stores, restaurants, 72
and cabarets? Eddying on the corners? Swirling like a blood-red smoke up where the
buzzards fly in heaven? God would not dare to suck black red blood. A Nigger God! He
would duck his head in shame and call for the Judgment Day. Who set you flowing?
Money burns the pocket, pocket hurts,

Bootleggers in silken shirts,
Ballooned, zooming Cadillacs,
Whizzing, whizzing down the street-car tracks.
RHOBERT 73
RHOBERT wears a house, like a monstrous diver’s helmet, on his head. His legs are
banty-bowed and shaky because as a child he had rickets. He is way down. Rods of
the house like antennæ of a dead thing, stuffed, prop up in the air. He is way down. He is
sinking. His house is a dead thing that weights him down. He is sinking as a diver would
sink in mud should the water be drawn off. Life is a murky, wiggling, microscopic water
that compresses him. Compresses his helmet and would crush it the minute that he pulled
his head out. He has to keep it in. Life is water that is being drawn off.
Brother, life is water that is being drawn off.

Brother, life is water that is being drawn off.
The dead house is stuffed. The stuffing is alive. It is sinful to draw one’s head out of
live stuffing in a dead house. The propped-up antennæ would cave in and the stuffing be
strewn .. shredded life-pulp .. in the water. It is sinful to have one’s own head crushed. 74
Rhobert is an upright man whose legs are banty-bowed and shaky because as a child he
had rickets. The earth is round. Heaven is a sphere that surrounds it. Sink where you will.
God is a Red Cross man with a dredge and a respiration-pump who’s waiting for you at
the opposite periphery. God built the house. He blew His breath into its stuffing. It is
good to die obeying Him who can do these things.
A futile something like the dead house wraps the live stuffing of the question: how
long before the water will be drawn off? Rhobert does not care. Like most men who wear
monstrous helmets, the pressure it exerts is enough to convince him of its practical
infinity. And he cares not two straws as to whether or not he will ever see his wife and
children again. Many a time he’s seen them drown in his dreams and has kicked about
joyously in the mud for days after. One thing about him goes straight to the heart. He has
an Adam’s-apple which strains sometimes as if he were painfully gulping great globules
of air .. air floating shredded life-pulp. It is a sad thing to see a banty-bowed, shaky,
ricket-legged man straining the raw insides of his throat against smooth air. Holding
furtive thoughts about the glory of pulp-heads strewn in water... He is way down. Down. 75
Mud, coming to his banty knees, almost hides them. Soon people will be looking at him
and calling him a strong man. No doubt he is for one who has had rickets. Lets give it to
him. Lets call him great when the water shall have been all drawn off. Lets build a
monument and set it in the ooze where he goes down. A monument of hewn oak, carved
in nigger-heads. Lets open our throats, brother, and sing “Deep River” when he goes
down.
Brother, Rhobert is sinking.

Lets open our throats, brother,
Lets sing Deep River when he goes down.
AVEY 76
FOR a long while she was nothing more to me than one of those skirted beings whom
boys at a certain age disdain to play with. Just how I came to love her, timidly, and
with secret blushes, I do not know. But that I did was brought home to me one night, the
first night that Ned wore his long pants. Us fellers were seated on the curb before an
apartment house where she had gone in. The young trees had not outgrown their boxes
then. V Street was lined with them. When our legs grew cramped and stiff from the cold
of the stone, we’d stand around a box and whittle it. I like to think now that there was a
hidden purpose in the way we hacked them with our knives. I like to feel that something
deep in me responded to the trees, the young trees that whinnied like colts impatient to be
let free... On the particular night I have in mind, we were waiting for the top-floor light to
go out. We wanted to see Avey leave the flat. This night she stayed longer than usual and
gave us a chance to complete the plans of how we were going to stone and beat that feller 77
on the top floor out of town. Ned especially had it in for him. He was about to throw a
brick up at the window when at last the room went dark. Some minutes passed. Then
Avey, as unconcerned as if she had been paying an old-maid aunt a visit, came out. I
don’t remember what she had on, and all that sort of thing. But I do know that I turned
hot as bare pavements in the summertime at Ned’s boast: “Hell, bet I could get her too if
you little niggers weren’t always spying and crabbing everything.” I didnt say a word to
him. It wasnt my way then. I just stood there like the others, and something like a fuse
burned up inside of me. She never noticed us, but swung along lazy and easy as
anything. We sauntered to the corner and watched her till her door banged to. Ned
repeated what he’d said. I didnt seem to care. Sitting around old Mush-Head’s bread box,
the discussion began. “Hang if I can see how she gets away with it,” Doc started. Ned
knew, of course. There was nothing he didnt know when it came to women. He dilated
on the emotional needs of girls. Said they werent much different from men in that 78
respect. And concluded with the solemn avowal: “It does em good.” None of us liked
Ned much. We all talked dirt; but it was the way he said it. And then too, a couple of the
fellers had sisters and had caught Ned playing with them. But there was no disputing the
superiority of his smutty wisdom. Bubs Sanborn, whose mother was friendly with
Avey’s, had overheard the old ladies talking. “Avey’s mother’s ont her,” he said. We
thought that only natural and began to guess at what would happen. Some one said she’d
marry that feller on the top floor. Ned called that a lie because Avey was going to marry
nobody but him. We had our doubts about that, but we did agree that she’d soon leave
school and marry some one. The gang broke up, and I went home, picturing myself as
married.
Nothing I did seemed able to change Avey’s indifference to me. I played basket-ball,
and when I’d make a long clean shot she’d clap with the others, louder than they, I
thought. I’d meet her on the street, and there’d be no difference in the way she said hello. 79
She never took the trouble to call me by my name. On the days for drill, I’d let my voice
down a tone and call for a complicated maneuver when I saw her coming. She’d smile
appreciation, but it was an impersonal smile, never for me. It was on a summer excursion
down to Riverview that she first seemed to take me into account. The day had been spent
riding merry-go-rounds, scenic-railways, and shoot-the-chutes. We had been in
swimming and we had danced. I was a crack swimmer then. She didnt know how. I held
her up and showed her how to kick her legs and draw her arms. Of course she didnt learn
in one day, but she thanked me for bothering with her. I was also somewhat of a dancer.
And I had already noticed that love can start on a dance floor. We danced. But though I
held her tightly in my arms, she was way away. That college feller who lived on the top
floor was somewhere making money for the next year. I imagined that she was thinking,
wishing for him. Ned was along. He treated her until his money gave out. She went with
another feller. Ned got sore. One by one the boys’ money gave out. She left them. And 80
they got sore. Every one of them but me got sore. This is the reason, I guess, why I had
her to myself on the top deck of the Jane Mosely that night as we puffed up the Potomac,
coming home. The moon was brilliant. The air was sweet like clover. And every now and
then, a salt tang, a stale drift of sea-weed. It was not my mind’s fault if it went
romancing. I should have taken her in my arms the minute we were stowed in that old
lifeboat. I dallied, dreaming. She took me in hers. And I could feel by the touch of it that
it wasnt a man-to-woman love. It made me restless. I felt chagrined. I didnt know what it
was, but I did know that I couldnt handle it. She ran her fingers through my hair and
kissed my forehead. I itched to break through her tenderness to passion. I wanted her to
take me in her arms as I knew she had that college feller. I wanted her to love me
passionately as she did him. I gave her one burning kiss. Then she laid me in her lap as if
I were a child. Helpless. I got sore when she started to hum a lullaby. She wouldnt let me
go. I talked. I knew damned well that I could beat her at that. Her eyes were soft and 81
misty, the curves of her lips were wistful, and her smile seemed indulgent of the
irrelevance of my remarks. I gave up at last and let her love me, silently, in her own way.
The moon was brilliant. The air was sweet like clover, and every now and then, a salt
tang, a stale drift of sea-weed...
The next time I came close to her was the following summer at Harpers Ferry. We
were sitting on a flat projecting rock they give the name of Lover’s Leap. Some one is
supposed to have jumped off it. The river is about six hundred feet beneath. A railroad
track runs up the valley and curves out of sight where part of the mountain rock had to be
blasted away to make room for it. The engines of this valley have a whistle, the echoes of
which sound like iterated gasps and sobs. I always think of them as crude music from the
soul of Avey. We sat there holding hands. Our palms were soft and warm against each
other. Our fingers were not tight. She would not let them be. She would not let me twist
them. I wanted to talk. To explain what I meant to her. Avey was as silent as those great
trees whose tops we looked down upon. She has always been like that. At least, to me. I 82
had the notion that if I really wanted to, I could do with her just what I pleased. Like one
can strip a tree. I did kiss her. I even let my hands cup her breasts. When I was through,
she’d seek my hand and hold it till my pulse cooled down. Evening after evening we sat
there. I tried to get her to talk about that college feller. She never would. There was no set
time to go home. None of my family had come down. And as for hers, she didnt give a
hang about them. The general gossips could hardly say more than they had. The
boarding-house porch was always deserted when we returned. No one saw us enter, so
the time was set conveniently for scandal. This worried me a little, for I thought it might
keep Avey from getting an appointment in the schools. She didnt care. She had finished
normal school. They could give her a job if they wanted to. As time went on, her
indifference to things began to pique me; I was ambitious. I left the Ferry earlier than she
did. I was going off to college. The more I thought of it, the more I resented, yes, hell,
thats what it was, her downright laziness. Sloppy indolence. There was no excuse for a 83
healthy girl taking life so easy. Hell! she was no better than a cow. I was certain that she
was a cow when I felt an udder in a Wisconsin stock-judging class. Among those
energetic Swedes, or whatever they are, I decided to forget her. For two years I thought I
did. When I’d come home for the summer she’d be away. And before she returned, I’d be
gone. We never wrote; she was too damned lazy for that. But what a bluff I put up about
forgetting her. The girls up that way, at least the ones I knew, havent got the stuff: they
dont know how to love. Giving themselves completely was tame beside just the holding
of Avey’s hand. One day I received a note from her. The writing, I decided, was slovenly.
She wrote on a torn bit of note-book paper. The envelope had a faint perfume that I
remembered. A single line told me she had lost her school and was going away. I
comforted myself with the reflection that shame held no pain for one so indolent as she.
Nevertheless, I left Wisconsin that year for good. Washington had seemingly forgotten
her. I hunted Ned. Between curses, I caught his opinion of her. She was no better than a 84
whore. I saw her mother on the street. The same old pinch-beck, jerky-gaited creature
that I’d always known.
Perhaps five years passed. The business of hunting a job or something or other had
bruised my vanity so that I could recognize it. I felt old. Avey and my real relation to her,
I thought I came to know. I wanted to see her. I had been told that she was in New York.
As I had no money, I hiked and bummed my way there. I got work in a ship-yard and
walked the streets at night, hoping to meet her. Failing in this, I saved enough to pay my
fare back home. One evening in early June, just at the time when dusk is most lovely on
the eastern horizon, I saw Avey, indolent as ever, leaning on the arm of a man, strolling
under the recently lit arc-lights of U Street. She had almost passed before she recognized
me. She showed no surprise. The puff over her eyes had grown heavier. The eyes
themselves were still sleepy-large, and beautiful. I had almost concluded—indifferent.
“You look older,” was what she said. I wanted to convince her that I was, so I asked her 85
to walk with me. The man whom she was with, and whom she never took the trouble to
introduce, at a nod from her, hailed a taxi, and drove away. That gave me a notion of
what she had been used to. Her dress was of some fine, costly stuff. I suggested the park,
and then added that the grass might stain her skirt. Let it get stained, she said, for where
it came from there are others.
I have a spot in Soldier’s Home to which I always go when I want the simple beauty of
another’s soul. Robins spring about the lawn all day. They leave their footprints in the
grass. I imagine that the grass at night smells sweet and fresh because of them. The
ground is high. Washington lies below. Its light spreads like a blush against the darkened
sky. Against the soft dusk sky of Washington. And when the wind is from the South, soil
of my homeland falls like a fertile shower upon the lean streets of the city. Upon my hill
in Soldier’s Home. I know the policeman who watches the place of nights. When I go
there alone, I talk to him. I tell him I come there to find the truth that people bury in their 86
hearts. I tell him that I do not come there with a girl to do the thing he’s paid to watch out
for. I look deep in his eyes when I say these things, and he believes me. He comes over to
see who it is on the grass. I say hello to him. He greets me in the same way and goes off
searching for other black splotches upon the lawn. Avey and I went there. A band in one
of the buildings a fair distance off was playing a march. I wished they would stop. Their
playing was like a tin spoon in one’s mouth. I wanted the Howard Glee Club to sing
“Deep River,” from the road. To sing “Deep River, Deep River,” from the road... Other
than the first comments, Avey had been silent. I started to hum a folk-tune. She slipped
her hand in mine. Pillowed her head as best she could upon my arm. Kissed the hand that
she was holding and listened, or so I thought, to what I had to say. I traced my
development from the early days up to the present time, the phase in which I could
understand her. I described her own nature and temperament. Told how they needed a
larger life for their expression. How incapable Washington was of understanding that 87
need. How it could not meet it. I pointed out that in lieu of proper channels, her emotions
had overflowed into paths that dissipated them. I talked, beautifully I thought, about an
art that would be born, an art that would open the way for women the likes of her. I asked
her to hope, and build up an inner life against the coming of that day. I recited some of
my own things to her. I sang, with a strange quiver in my voice, a promise-song. And
then I began to wonder why her hand had not once returned a single pressure. My old-
time feeling about her laziness came back. I spoke sharply. My policeman friend passed
by. I said hello to him. As he went away, I began to visualize certain possibilities. An
immediate and urgent passion swept over me. Then I looked at Avey. Her heavy eyes
were closed. Her breathing was as faint and regular as a child’s in slumber. My passion
died. I was afraid to move lest I disturb her. Hours and hours, I guess it was, she lay
there. My body grew numb. I shivered. I coughed. I wanted to get up and whittle at the
boxes of young trees. I withdrew my hand. I raised her head to waken her. She did not 88
stir. I got up and walked around. I found my policeman friend and talked to him. We both
came up, and bent over her. He said it would be all right for her to stay there just so long
as she got away before the workmen came at dawn. A blanket was borrowed from a
neighbor house. I sat beside her through the night. I saw the dawn steal over Washington.
The Capitol dome looked like a gray ghost ship drifting in from sea. Avey’s face was
pale, and her eyes were heavy. She did not have the gray crimson-splashed beauty of the
dawn. I hated to wake her. Orphan-woman...
BEEHIVE 89
Within this black hive to-night

There swarm a million bees;
Bees passing in and out the moon,
Bees escaping out the moon,
Bees returning through the moon,
Silver bees intently buzzing,
Silver honey dripping from the swarm of bees
Earth is a waxen cell of the world comb,
And I, a drone,
Lying on my back,
Lipping honey,
Getting drunk with silver honey,
Wish that I might fly out past the moon
And curl forever in some far-off farmyard flower.
STORM ENDING 90
Thunder blossoms gorgeously above our heads,

Great, hollow, bell-like flowers,
Rumbling in the wind,
Stretching clappers to strike our ears ..
Full-lipped flowers
Bitten by the sun
Bleeding rain
Dripping rain like golden honey—
And the sweet earth flying from the thunder.
THEATER 91
LIFE of nigger alleys, of pool rooms and restaurants and near-beer saloons soaks into
the walls of Howard Theater and sets them throbbing jazz songs. Black-skinned, they
dance and shout above the tick and trill of white-walled buildings. At night, they open
doors to people who come in to stamp their feet and shout. At night, road-shows volley
songs into the mass-heart of black people. Songs soak the walls and seep out to the
nigger life of alleys and near-beer saloons, of the Poodle Dog and Black Bear cabarets.
Afternoons, the house is dark, and the walls are sleeping singers until rehearsal begins.
Or until John comes within them. Then they start throbbing to a subtle syncopation. And
the space-dark air grows softly luminous.
John is the manager’s brother. He is seated at the center of the theater, just before
rehearsal. Light streaks down upon him from a window high above. One half his face is
orange in it. One half his face is in shadow. The soft glow of the house rushes to, and 92
compacts about, the shaft of light. John’s mind coincides with the shaft of light. Thoughts
rush to, and compact about it. Life of the house and of the slowly awakening stage swirls
to the body of John, and thrills it. John’s body is separate from the thoughts that pack his
mind.
Stage-lights, soft, as if they shine through clear pink fingers. Beneath them, hid by the
shadow of a set, Dorris. Other chorus girls drift in. John feels them in the mass. And as if
his own body were the mass-heart of a black audience listening to them singing, he wants
to stamp his feet and shout. His mind, contained above desires of his body, singles the
girls out, and tries to trace origins and plot destinies.
A pianist slips into the pit and improvises jazz. The walls awake. Arms of the girls, and
their limbs, which .. jazz, jazz .. by lifting up their tight street skirts they set free, jab the
air and clog the floor in rhythm to the music. (Lift your skirts, Baby, and talk t papa!)
Crude, individualized, and yet .. monotonous...
John: Soon the director will herd you, my full-lipped, distant beauties, and tame you, 93
and blunt your sharp thrusts in loosely suggestive movements, appropriate to Broadway.
(O dance!) Soon the audience will paint your dusk faces white, and call you beautiful. (O
dance!) Soon I... (O dance!) I’d like...
Girls laugh and shout. Sing discordant snatches of other jazz songs. Whirl with loose
passion into the arms of passing show-men.
John: Too thick. Too easy. Too monotonous. Her whom I’d love I’d leave before she
knew that I was with her. Her? Which? (O dance!) I’d like to...
Girls dance and sing. Men clap. The walls sing and press inward. They press the men
and girls, they press John towards a center of physical ecstasy. Go to it, Baby! Fan
yourself, and feed your papa! Put .. nobody lied .. and take .. when they said I cried over
you. No lie! The glitter and color of stacked scenes, the gilt and brass and crimson of the
house, converge towards a center of physical ecstasy. John’s feet and torso and his blood
press in. He wills thought to rid his mind of passion.
“All right, girls. Alaska. Miss Reynolds, please.” 94
The director wants to get the rehearsal through with.

The girls line up. John sees the front row: dancing ponies. The rest are in shadow. The
leading lady fits loosely in the front. Lack-life, monotonous. “One, two, three—” Music
starts. The song is somewhere where it will not strain the leading lady’s throat. The dance
is somewhere where it will not strain the girls. Above the staleness, one dancer throws
herself into it. Dorris. John sees her. Her hair, crisp-curled, is bobbed. Bushy, black hair
bobbing about her lemon-colored face. Her lips are curiously full, and very red. Her
limbs in silk purple stockings are lovely. John feels them. Desires her. Holds off.
John: Stage-door johnny; chorus-girl. No, that would be all right. Dictie, educated,
stuck-up; show-girl. Yep. Her suspicion would be stronger than her passion. It wouldnt
work. Keep her loveliness. Let her go.
Dorris sees John and knows that he is looking at her. Her own glowing is too rich a
thing to let her feel the slimness of his diluted passion. 95
“Who’s that?” she asks her dancing partner.

“Th manager’s brother. Dictie. Nothin doin, hon.”
Dorris tosses her head and dances for him until she feels she has him. Then,
withdrawing disdainfully, she flirts with the director.
Dorris: Nothin doin? How come? Aint I as good as him? Couldnt I have got an
education if I’d wanted one? Dont I know respectable folks, lots of em, in Philadelphia
and New York and Chicago? Aint I had men as good as him? Better. Doctors an lawyers.
Whats a manager’s brother, anyhow?
Two steps back, and two steps front.
“Say, Mame, where do you get that stuff?”
“Whatshmean, Dorris?”
“If you two girls cant listen to what I’m telling you, I know where I can get some who
can. Now listen.”
Mame: Go to hell, you black bastard.
Dorris: Whats eatin at him, anyway?
“Now follow me in this, you girls. Its three counts to the right, three counts to the left, 96
and then you shimmy—”

John: —and then you shimmy. I’ll bet she can. Some good cabaret, with rooms
upstairs. And what in hell do you think you’d get from it? Youre going wrong. Here’s
right: get her to herself—(Christ, but how she’d bore you after the first five minutes)—
not if you get her right she wouldnt. Touch her, I mean. To herself—in some room
perhaps. Some cheap, dingy bedroom. Hell no. Cant be done. But the point is, brother
John, it can be done. Get her to herself somewhere, anywhere. Go down in yourself—and
she’d be calling you all sorts of asses while you were in the process of going down. Hold
em, bud. Cant be done. Let her go. (Dance and I’ll love you!) And keep her loveliness.
“All right now, Chicken Chaser. Dorris and girls. Where’s Dorris? I told you to stay on
the stage, didnt I? Well? Now thats enough. All right. All right there, Professor? All right.
One, two, three—”
Dorris swings to the front. The line of girls, four deep, blurs within the shadow of
suspended scenes. Dorris wants to dance. The director feels that and steps to one side. He 97
smiles, and picks her for a leading lady, one of these days. Odd ends of stage-men
emerge from the wings, and stare and clap. A crap game in the alley suddenly ends.
Black faces crowd the rear stage doors. The girls, catching joy from Dorris, whip up
within the footlights’ glow. They forget set steps; they find their own. The director
forgets to bawl them out. Dorris dances.
John: Her head bobs to Broadway. Dance from yourself. Dance! O just a little more.
Dorris’ eyes burn across the space of seats to him.
Dorris: I bet he can love. Hell, he cant love. He’s too skinny. His lips are too skinny.
He wouldnt love me anyway, only for that. But I’d get a pair of silk stockings out of it.
Red silk. I got purple. Cut it, kid. You cant win him to respect you that away. He wouldnt
anyway. Maybe he would. Maybe he’d love. I’ve heard em say that men who look like
him (what does he look like?) will marry if they love. O will you love me? And give me
kids, and a home, and everything? (I’d like to make your nest, and honest, hon, I wouldnt 98
run out on you.) You will if I make you. Just watch me.
Dorris dances. She forgets her tricks. She dances.
Glorious songs are the muscles of her limbs.
And her singing is of canebrake loves and mangrove feastings.
The walls press in, singing. Flesh of a throbbing body, they press close to John and
Dorris. They close them in. John’s heart beats tensely against her dancing body. Walls
press his mind within his heart. And then, the shaft of light goes out the window high
above him. John’s mind sweeps up to follow it. Mind pulls him upward into dream.
Dorris dances...
John dreams:
Dorris is dressed in a loose black gown splashed with lemon ribbons. Her
feet taper long and slim from trim ankles. She waits for him just inside the
stage door. John, collar and tie colorful and flaring, walks towards the stage
door. There are no trees in the alley. But his feet feel as though they step on
autumn leaves whose rustle has been pressed out of them by the passing of a
million satin slippers. The air is sweet with roasting chestnuts, sweet with 99
bonfires of old leaves. John’s melancholy is a deep thing that seals all senses
but his eyes, and makes him whole.
Dorris knows that he is coming. Just at the right moment she steps from
the door, as if there were no door. Her face is tinted like the autumn alley. Of
old flowers, or of a southern canefield, her perfume. “Glorious Dorris.” So
his eyes speak. And their sadness is too deep for sweet untruth. She barely
touches his arm. They glide off with footfalls softened on the leaves, the old
leaves powdered by a million satin slippers.
They are in a room. John knows nothing of it. Only, that the flesh and
blood of Dorris are its walls. Singing walls. Lights, soft, as if they shine
through clear pink fingers. Soft lights, and warm.
John reaches for a manuscript of his, and reads. Dorris, who has no eyes,
has eyes to understand him. He comes to a dancing scene. The scene is
Dorris. She dances. Dorris dances. Glorious Dorris. Dorris whirls, whirls,
dances...
Dorris dances.
The pianist crashes a bumper chord. The whole stage claps. Dorris, flushed, looks quick
at John. His whole face is in shadow. She seeks for her dance in it. She finds it a dead
thing in the shadow which is his dream. She rushes from the stage. Falls down the steps 100
into her dressing-room. Pulls her hair. Her eyes, over a floor of tears, stare at the
whitewashed ceiling. (Smell of dry paste, and paint, and soiled clothing.) Her pal comes
in. Dorris flings herself into the old safe arms, and cries bitterly.
“I told you nothin doin,” is what Mame says to comfort her.
HER LIPS ARE COPPER WIRE 101
whisper of yellow globes

gleaming on lamp-posts that sway
like bootleg licker drinkers in the fog
and let your breath be moist against me
like bright beads on yellow globes
telephone the power-house
that the main wires are insulate
(her words play softly up and down
dewy corridors of billboards)
then with your tongue remove the tape
and press your lips to mine
till they are incandescent
CALLING JESUS 102
HER soul is like a little thrust-tailed dog that follows her, whimpering. She is large
enough, I know, to find a warm spot for it. But each night when she comes home and
closes the big outside storm door, the little dog is left in the vestibule, filled with chills
till morning. Some one ... eoho Jesus ... soft as a cotton boll brushed against the milk-pod
cheek of Christ, will steal in and cover it that it need not shiver, and carry it to her where
she sleeps upon clean hay cut in her dreams.
When you meet her in the daytime on the streets, the little dog keeps coming. Nothing
happens at first, and then, when she has forgotten the streets and alleys, and the large
house where she goes to bed of nights, a soft thing like fur begins to rub your limbs, and
you hear a low, scared voice, lonely, calling, and you know that a cool something nozzles
moisture in your palms. Sensitive things like nostrils, quiver. Her breath comes sweet as
honeysuckle whose pistils bear the life of coming song. And her eyes carry to where 103
builders find no need for vestibules, for swinging on iron hinges, storm doors.
Her soul is like a little thrust-tailed dog, that follows her, whimpering. I’ve seen it
tagging on behind her, up streets where chestnut trees flowered, where dusty asphalt had
been freshly sprinkled with clean water. Up alleys where niggers sat on low door-steps
before tumbled shanties and sang and loved. At night, when she comes home, the little
dog is left in the vestibule, nosing the crack beneath the big storm door, filled with chills
till morning. Some one ... eoho Jesus ... soft as the bare feet of Christ moving across
bales of southern cotton, will steal in and cover it that it need not shiver, and carry it to
her where she sleeps: cradled in dream-fluted cane.
BOX SEAT 104
HOUSES are shy girls whose eyes shine reticently upon the dusk body of the street.
Upon the gleaming limbs and asphalt torso of a dreaming nigger. Shake your curled
wool-blossoms, nigger. Open your liver lips to the lean, white spring. Stir the root-life of
a withered people. Call them from their houses, and teach them to dream.
Dark swaying forms of Negroes are street songs that woo virginal houses.
Dan Moore walks southward on Thirteenth Street. The low limbs of budding chestnut
trees recede above his head. Chestnut buds and blossoms are wool he walks upon. The
eyes of houses faintly touch him as he passes them. Soft girl-eyes, they set him singing.
Girl-eyes within him widen upward to promised faces. Floating away, they dally
wistfully over the dusk body of the street. Come on, Dan Moore, come on. Dan sings.
His voice is a little hoarse. It cracks. He strains to produce tones in keeping with the 105
houses’ loveliness. Cant be done. He whistles. His notes are shrill. They hurt him.
Negroes open gates, and go indoors, perfectly. Dan thinks of the house he’s going to. Of
the girl. Lips, flesh-notes of a forgotten song, plead with him...
Dan turns into a side-street, opens an iron gate, bangs it to. Mounts the steps, and
searches for the bell. Funny, he cant find it. He fumbles around. The thought comes to
him that some one passing by might see him, and not understand. Might think that he is
trying to sneak, to break in.
Dan: Break in. Get an ax and smash in. Smash in their faces. I’ll show em. Break into
an engine-house, steal a thousand horse-power fire truck. Smash in with the truck. I’ll
show em. Grab an ax and brain em. Cut em up. Jack the Ripper. Baboon from the zoo.
And then the cops come. “No, I aint a baboon. I aint Jack the Ripper. I’m a poor man out
of work. Take your hands off me, you bull-necked bears. Look into my eyes. I am Dan
Moore. I was born in a canefield. The hands of Jesus touched me. I am come to a sick 106
world to heal it. Only the other day, a dope fiend brushed against me— Dont laugh, you
mighty, juicy, meat-hook men. Give me your fingers and I will peel them as if they were
ripe bananas.”
Some one might think he is trying to break in. He’d better knock. His knuckles are raw
bone against the thick glass door. He waits. No one comes. Perhaps they havent heard
him. He raps again. This time, harder. He waits. No one comes. Some one is surely in.
He fancies that he sees their shadows on the glass. Shadows of gorillas. Perhaps they saw
him coming and dont want to let him in. He knocks. The tension of his arms makes the
glass rattle. Hurried steps come towards him. The door opens.
“Please, you might break the glass—the bell—oh, Mr. Moore! I thought it must be
some stranger. How do you do? Come in, wont you? Muriel? Yes. I’ll call her. Take your
things off, wont you? And have a seat in the parlor. Muriel will be right down. Muriel!
Oh Muriel! Mr. Moore to see you. She’ll be right down. You’ll pardon me, wont you? So
glad to see you.”
Her eyes are weak. They are bluish and watery from reading newspapers. The blue is 107
steel. It gimlets Dan while her mouth flaps amiably to him.

Dan: Nothing for you to see, old mussel-head. Dare I show you? If I did, delirium
would furnish you headlines for a month. Now look here. Thats enough. Go long,
woman. Say some nasty thing and I’ll kill you. Huh. Better damned sight not. Ta-ta, Mrs.
Pribby.
Mrs. Pribby retreats to the rear of the house. She takes up a newspaper. There is a
sharp click as she fits into her chair and draws it to the table. The click is metallic like the
sound of a bolt being shot into place. Dan’s eyes sting. Sinking into a soft couch, he
closes them. The house contracts about him. It is a sharp-edged, massed, metallic house.
Bolted. About Mrs. Pribby. Bolted to the endless rows of metal houses. Mrs. Pribby’s
house. The rows of houses belong to other Mrs. Pribbys. No wonder he couldn’t sing to
them.
Dan: What’s Muriel doing here? God, what a place for her. Whats she doing? Putting
her stockings on? In the bathroom. Come out of there, Dan Moore. People must have 108
their privacy. Peeping-toms. I’ll never peep. I’ll listen. I like to listen.
Dan goes to the wall and places his ear against it. A passing street car and something
vibrant from the earth sends a rumble to him. That rumble comes from the earth’s deep
core. It is the mutter of powerful underground races. Dan has a picture of all the people
rushing to put their ears against walls, to listen to it. The next world-savior is coming up
that way. Coming up. A continent sinks down. The new-world Christ will need
consummate skill to walk upon the waters where huge bubbles burst... Thuds of Muriel
coming down. Dan turns to the piano and glances through a stack of jazz music sheets.
“Ji-ji-bo, JI-JI-BO!” ..
“Hello, Dan, stranger, what brought you here?”
Muriel comes in, shakes hands, and then clicks into a high-armed seat under the
orange glow of a floor-lamp. Her face is fleshy. It would tend to coarseness but for the
fresh fragrant something which is the life of it. Her hair like an Indian’s. But more curly
and bushed and vagrant. Her nostrils flare. The flushed ginger of her cheeks is touched 109
orange by the shower of color from the lamp.

“Well, you havent told me, you havent answered my question, stranger. What brought
you here?”
Dan feels the pressure of the house, of the rear room, of the rows of houses, shift to
Muriel. He is light. He loves her. He is doubly heavy.
“Dont know, Muriel—wanted to see you—wanted to talk to you—to see you and tell
you that I know what you’ve been through—what pain the last few months must have
been—”
“Lets dont mention that.”
“But why not, Muriel? I—”
“Please.”
“But Muriel, life is full of things like that. One grows strong and beautiful in facing
them. What else is life?”
“I dont know, Dan. And I dont believe I care. Whats the use? Lets talk about
something else. I hear there’s a good show at the Lincoln this week.”
“Yes, so Harry was telling me. Going?”
“To-night.”
Dan starts to rise. 110
“I didnt know. I dont want to keep you.”

“Its all right. You dont have to go till Bernice comes. And she wont be here till eight.
I’m all dressed. I’ll let you know.”
“Thanks.”
Silence. The rustle of a newspaper being turned comes from the rear room.
Muriel: Shame about Dan. Something awfully good and fine about him. But he don’t
fit in. In where? Me? Dan, I could love you if I tried. I dont have to try. I do. O Dan, dont
you know I do? Timid lover, brave talker that you are. Whats the good of all you know if
you dont know that? I wont let myself. I? Mrs. Pribby who reads newspapers all night
wont. What has she got to do with me? She is me, somehow. No she’s not. Yes she is.
She is the town, and the town wont let me love you, Dan. Dont you know? You could
make it let me if you would. Why wont you? Youre selfish. I’m not strong enough to
buck it. Youre too selfish to buck it, for me. I wish you’d go. You irritate me. Dan, please
go.
“What are you doing now, Dan?”
“Same old thing, Muriel. Nothing, as the world would have it. Living, as I look at 111
things. Living as much as I can without—”

“But you cant live without money, Dan. Why dont you get a good job and settle
down?”
Dan: Same old line. Shoot it at me, sister. Hell of a note, this loving business. For ten
minutes of it youve got to stand the torture of an intolerable heaviness and a hundred
platitudes. Well, damit, shoot on.
“To what? my dear. Rustling newspapers?”
“You mustnt say that, Dan. It isnt right. Mrs. Pribby has been awfully good to me.”
“Dare say she has. Whats that got to do with it?”
“Oh, Dan, youre so unconsiderate and selfish. All you think of is yourself.”
“I think of you.”
“Too much—I mean, you ought to work more and think less. Thats the best way to get
along.”
“Mussel-heads get along, Muriel. There is more to you than that—”
“Sometimes I think there is, Dan. But I dont know. I’ve tried. I’ve tried to do
something with myself. Something real and beautiful, I mean. But whats the good of 112
trying? I’ve tried to make people, every one I come in contact with, happy—”
Dan looks at her, directly. Her animalism, still unconquered by zoo-restrictions and
keeper-taboos, stirs him. Passion tilts upward, bringing with it the elements of an old
desire. Muriel’s lips become the flesh-notes of a futile, plaintive longing. Dan’s impulse
to direct her is its fresh life.
“Happy, Muriel? No, not happy. Your aim is wrong. There is no such thing as
happiness. Life bends joy and pain, beauty and ugliness, in such a way that no one may
isolate them. No one should want to. Perfect joy, or perfect pain, with no contrasting
element to define them, would mean a monotony of consciousness, would mean death.
Not happy, Muriel. Say that you have tried to make them create. Say that you have used
your own capacity for life to cradle them. To start them upward-flowing. Or if you cant
say that you have, then say that you will. My talking to you will make you aware of your 113
power to do so. Say that you will love, that you will give yourself in love—”
“To you, Dan?”
Dan’s consciousness crudely swerves into his passions. They flare up in his eyes. They
set up quivers in his abdomen. He is suddenly over-tense and nervous.
“Muriel—”
The newspaper rustles in the rear room.
“Muriel—”
Dan rises. His arms stretch towards her. His fingers and his palms, pink in the lamp-
light, are glowing irons. Muriel’s chair is close and stiff about her. The house, the rows of
houses locked about her chair. Dan’s fingers and arms are fire to melt and bars to wrench
and force and pry. Her arms hang loose. Her hands are hot and moist. Dan takes them. He
slips to his knees before her.
“Dan, you mustnt.”

“Muriel—”
“Dan, really you mustnt. No, Dan. No.”
“Oh, come, Muriel. Must I—”
“Shhh. Dan, please get up. Please. Mrs. Pribby is right in the next room. She’ll hear 114
you. She may come in. Dont, Dan. She’ll see you—”
“Well then, lets go out.”
“I cant. Let go, Dan. Oh, wont you please let go.”
Muriel tries to pull her hands away. Dan tightens his grip. He feels the strength of his
fingers. His muscles are tight and strong. He stands up. Thrusts out his chest. Muriel
shrinks from him. Dan becomes aware of his crude absurdity. His lips curl. His passion
chills. He has an obstinate desire to possess her.
“Muriel, I love you. I want you, whatever the world of Pribby says. Damn your Pribby.
Who is she to dictate my love? I’ve stood enough of her. Enough of you. Come here.”
Muriel’s mouth works in and out. Her eyes flash and waggle. She wrenches her hands
loose and forces them against his breast to keep him off. Dan grabs her wrists. Wedges in
between her arms. Her face is close to him. It is hot and blue and moist. Ugly.
“Come here now.”
“Dont, Dan. Oh, dont. What are you killing?”
“Whats weak in both of us and a whole litter of Pribbys. For once in your life youre 115
going to face whats real, by God—”

A sharp rap on the newspaper in the rear room cuts between them. The rap is like cool
thick glass between them. Dan is hot on one side. Muriel, hot on the other. They
straighten. Gaze fearfully at one another. Neither moves. A clock in the rear room, in the
rear room, the rear room, strikes eight. Eight slow, cool sounds. Bernice. Muriel fastens
on her image. She smooths her dress. She adjusts her skirt. She becomes prim and cool.
Rising, she skirts Dan as if to keep the glass between them. Dan, gyrating nervously
above the easy swing of his limbs, follows her to the parlor door. Muriel retreats before
him till she reaches the landing of the steps that lead upstairs. She smiles at him. Dan
sees his face in the hall mirror. He runs his fingers through his hair. Reaches for his hat
and coat and puts them on. He moves towards Muriel. Muriel steps backward up one
step. Dan’s jaw shoots out. Muriel jerks her arm in warning of Mrs. Pribby. She gasps
and turns and starts to run. Noise of a chair scraping as Mrs. Pribby rises from it, ratchets 116
down the hall. Dan stops. He makes a wry face, wheels round, goes out, and slams the
door.
People come in slowly ... mutter, laughs, flutter, whishadwash, “I’ve changed my
work-clothes—” ... and fill vacant seats of Lincoln Theater. Muriel, leading Bernice who
is a cross between a washerwoman and a blue-blood lady, a washer-blue, a washer-lady,
wanders down the right aisle to the lower front box. Muriel has on an orange dress. Its
color would clash with the crimson box-draperies, its color would contradict the sweet
rose smile her face is bathed in, should she take her coat off. She’ll keep it on. Pale
purple shadows rest on the planes of her cheeks. Deep purple comes from her thick-
shocked hair. Orange of the dress goes well with these. Muriel presses her coat down
from around her shoulders. Teachers are not supposed to have bobbed hair. She’ll keep
her hat on. She takes the first chair, and indicates that Bernice is to take the one directly 117
behind her. Seated thus, her eyes are level with, and near to, the face of an imaginary
man upon the stage. To speak to Berny she must turn. When she does, the audience is
square upon her.
People come in slowly ... “—for my Sunday-go-to-meeting dress. O glory God! O

shout Amen!” ... and fill vacant seats of Lincoln Theater. Each one is a bolt that shoots
into a slot, and is locked there. Suppose the Lord should ask, where was Moses when the
light went out? Suppose Gabriel should blow his trumpet! The seats are slots. The seats
are bolted houses. The mass grows denser. Its weight at first is impalpable upon the box.
Then Muriel begins to feel it. She props her arm against the brass box-rail, to ward it off.
Silly. These people are friends of hers: a parent of a child she teaches, an old school
friend. She smiles at them. They return her courtesy, and she is free to chat with Berny.
Berny’s tongue, started, runs on, and on. O washer-blue! O washer-lady!
Muriel: Never see Dan again. He makes me feel queer. Starts things he doesnt finish. 118
Upsets me. I am not upset. I am perfectly calm. I am going to enjoy the show. Good
show. I’ve had some show! This damn tame thing. O Dan. Wont see Dan again. Not
alone. Have Mrs. Pribby come in. She was in. Keep Dan out. If I love him, can I keep
him out? Well then, I dont love him. Now he’s out. Who is that coming in? Blind as a bat.
Ding-bat. Looks like Dan. He mustnt see me. Silly. He cant reach me. He wont dare
come in here. He’d put his head down like a goring bull and charge me. He’d trample
them. He’d gore. He’d rape! Berny! He won’t dare come in here.
“Berny, who was that who just came in? I havent my glasses.”
“A friend of yours, a good friend so I hear. Mr. Daniel Moore, Lord.”
“Oh. He’s no friend of mine.”
“No? I hear he is.”
“Well, he isnt.”
Dan is ushered down the aisle. He has to squeeze past the knees of seated people to
reach his own seat. He treads on a man’s corns. The man grumbles, and shoves him off.
He shrivels close beside a portly Negress whose huge rolls of flesh meet about the bones 119
of seat-arms. A soil-soaked fragrance comes from her. Through the cement floor her
strong roots sink down. They spread under the asphalt streets. Dreaming, the streets roll
over on their bellies, and suck their glossy health from them. Her strong roots sink down
and spread under the river and disappear in blood-lines that waver south. Her roots shoot
down. Dan’s hands follow them. Roots throb. Dan’s heart beats violently. He places his
palms upon the earth to cool them. Earth throbs. Dan’s heart beats violently. He sees all
the people in the house rush to the walls to listen to the rumble. A new-world Christ is
coming up. Dan comes up. He is startled. The eyes of the woman dont belong to her.
They look at him unpleasantly. From either aisle, bolted masses press in. He doesnt fit.
The mass grows agitant. For an instant, Dan’s and Muriel’s eyes meet. His weight there
slides the weight on her. She braces an arm against the brass rail, and turns her head
away.
Muriel: Damn fool; dear Dan, what did you want to follow me here for? Oh cant you 120
ever do anything right? Must you always pain me, and make me hate you? I do hate you.
I wish some one would come in with a horse-whip and lash you out. I wish some one
would drag you up a back alley and brain you with the whip-butt.
Muriel glances at her wrist-watch.
“Quarter of nine. Berny, what time have you?”
“Eight-forty. Time to begin. Oh, look Muriel, that woman with the plume; doesnt she
look good! They say she’s going with, oh, whats his name. You know. Too much powder.
I can see it from here. Here’s the orchestra now. O fine! Jim Clem at the piano!”
The men fill the pit. Instruments run the scale and tune. The saxophone moans and
throws a fit. Jim Clem, poised over the piano, is ready to begin. His head nods forward.
Opening crash. The house snaps dark. The curtain recedes upward from the blush of the
footlights. Jazz overture is over. The first act is on.
Dan: Old stuff. Muriel—bored. Must be. But she’ll smile and she’ll clap. Do what
youre bid, you she-slave. Look at her. Sweet, tame woman in a brass box seat. Clap, 121
smile, fawn, clap. Do what youre bid. Drag me in with you. Dirty me. Prop me in your
brass box seat. I’m there, am I not? because of you. He-slave. Slave of a woman who is a
slave. I’m a damned sight worse than you are. I sing your praises, Beauty! I exalt thee, O
Muriel! A slave, thou art greater than all Freedom because I love thee.
Dan fidgets, and disturbs his neighbors. His neighbors glare at him. He glares back
without seeing them. The man whose corns have been trod upon speaks to him.
“Keep quiet, cant you, mister. Other people have paid their money besides yourself to
see the show.”
The man’s face is a blur about two sullen liquid things that are his eyes. The eyes
dissolve in the surrounding vagueness. Dan suddenly feels that the man is an enemy
whom he has long been looking for.
Dan bristles. Glares furiously at the man.
“All right. All right then. Look at the show. I’m not stopping you.”
“Shhh,” from some one in the rear. 122
Dan turns around.

“Its that man there who started everything. I didnt say a thing to him until he tried to
start something. What have I got to do with whether he has paid his money or not? Thats
the manager’s business. Do I look like the manager?”
“Shhhh. Youre right. Shhhh.”
“Dont tell me to shhh. Tell him. That man there. He started everything. If what he
wanted was to start a fight, why didnt he say so?”
The man leans forward.
“Better be quiet, sonny. I aint said a thing about fight, yet.”
“Its a good thing you havent.”
“Shhhh.”
Dan grips himself. Another act is on. Dwarfs, dressed like prize-fighters, foreheads
bulging like boxing gloves, are led upon the stage. They are going to fight for the
heavyweight championship. Gruesome. Dan glances at Muriel. He imagines that she
shudders. His mind curves back into himself, and picks up tail-ends of experiences. His
eyes are open, mechanically. The dwarfs pound and bruise and bleed each other, on his 123
eyeballs.
Dan: Ah, but she was some baby! And not vulgar either. Funny how some women can
do those things. Muriel dancing like that! Hell. She rolled and wabbled. Her buttocks
rocked. She pulled up her dress and showed her pink drawers. Baby! And then she caught
my eyes. Dont know what my eyes had in them. Yes I do. God, dont I though!
Sometimes I think, Dan Moore, that your eyes could burn clean ... burn clean ... BURN
CLEAN!..
The gong rings. The dwarfs set to. They spar grotesquely, playfully, until one lands a
stiff blow. This makes the other sore. He commences slugging. A real scrap is on. Time!
The dwarfs go to their corners and are sponged and fanned off. Gloves bulge from their
wrists. Their wrists are necks for the tight-faced gloves. The fellow to the right lets his
eyes roam over the audience. He sights Muriel. He grins.
Dan: Those silly women arguing feminism. Here’s what I should have said to them. “It 124
should be clear to you women, that the proposition must be stated thus:
Me, horizontally above her.

Action: perfect strokes downward oblique.
Hence, man dominates because of limitation.
Or, so it shall be until women learn their stuff.
So framed, the proposition is a mental-filler, Dentist, I want gold teeth. It should become
cherished of the technical intellect. I hereby offer it to posterity as one of the important
machine-age designs. P. S. It should be noted, that because it is an achievement of this
age, its growth and hence its causes, up to the point of maturity, antedate machinery.
Ery...”
The gong rings. No fooling this time. The dwarfs set to. They clinch. The referee parts
them. One swings a cruel upper-cut and knocks the other down. A huge head hits the
floor. Pop! The house roars. The fighter, groggy, scrambles up. The referee whispers to
the contenders not to fight so hard. They ignore him. They charge. Their heads jab like
boxing-gloves. They kick and spit and bite. They pound each other furiously. Muriel
pounds. The house pounds. Cut lips. Bloody noses. The referee asks for the gong. Time! 125
The house roars. The dwarfs bow, are made to bow. The house wants more. The dwarfs
are led from the stage.
Dan: Strange I never really noticed him before. Been sitting there for years. Born a
slave. Slavery not so long ago. He’ll die in his chair. Swing low, sweet chariot. Jesus will
come and roll him down the river Jordan. Oh, come along, Moses, you’ll get lost; stretch
out your rod and come across. LET MY PEOPLE GO! Old man. Knows everyone who
passes the corners. Saw the first horse-cars. The first Oldsmobile. And he was born in
slavery. I did see his eyes. Never miss eyes. But they were bloodshot and watery. It hurt
to look at them. It hurts to look in most people’s eyes. He saw Grant and Lincoln. He saw
Walt—old man, did you see Walt Whitman? Did you see Walt Whitman! Strange force
that drew me to him. And I went up to see. The woman thought I saw crazy. I told him to
look into the heavens. He did, and smiled. I asked him if he knew what that rumbling is
that comes up from the ground. Christ, what a stroke that was. And the jabbering idiots 126
crowding around. And the crossing-cop leaving his job to come over and wheel him
away...
The house applauds. The house wants more. The dwarfs are led back. But no encore.
Must give the house something. The attendant comes out and announces that Mr. Barry,
the champion, will sing one of his own songs, “for your approval.” Mr. Barry grins at
Muriel as he wabbles from the wing. He holds a fresh white rose, and a small mirror. He
wipes blood from his nose. He signals Jim Clem. The orchestra starts. A sentimental love
song, Mr. Barry sings, first to one girl, and then another in the audience. He holds the
mirror in such a way that it flashes in the face of each one he sings to. The light swings
around.
Dan: I am going to reach up and grab the girders of this building and pull them down.
The crash will be a signal. Hid by the smoke and dust Dan Moore will arise. In his right
hand will be a dynamo. In his left, a god’s face that will flash white light from ebony. I’ll
grab a girder and swing it like a walking-stick. Lightning will flash. I’ll grab its black 127
knob and swing it like a crippled cane. Lightning... Some one’s flashing ... some one’s
flashing... Who in hell is flashing that mirror? Take it off me, godam you.
Dan’s eyes are half blinded. He moves his head. The light follows. He hears the
audience laugh. He hears the orchestra. A man with a high-pitched, sentimental voice is
singing. Dan sees the dwarf. Along the mirror flash the song comes. Dan ducks his head.
The audience roars. The light swings around to Muriel. Dan looks. Muriel is too close.
Mr. Barry covers his mirror. He sings to her. She shrinks away. Nausea. She clutches the
brass box-rail. She moves to face away. The audience is square upon her. Its eyes smile.
Its hands itch to clap. Muriel turns to the dwarf and forces a smile at him. With a showy
blare of orchestration, the song comes to its close. Mr. Barry bows. He offers Muriel the
rose, first having kissed it. Blood of his battered lips is a vivid stain upon its petals. Mr.
Barry offers Muriel the rose. The house applauds. Muriel flinches back. The dwarf steps
forward, diffident; threatening. Hate pops from his eyes and crackles like a brittle heat 128
about the box. The thick hide of his face is drawn in tortured wrinkles. Above his eyes,
the bulging, tight-skinned brow. Dan looks at it. It grows calm and massive. It grows
profound. It is a thing of wisdom and tenderness, of suffering and beauty. Dan looks
down. The eyes are calm and luminous. Words come from them... Arms of the audience
reach out, grab Muriel, and hold her there. Claps are steel fingers that manacle her wrists
and move them forward to acceptance. Berny leans forward and whispers:
“Its all right. Go on—take it.”
Words form in the eyes of the dwarf:
Do not shrink. Do not be afraid of me.

Jesus
See how my eyes look at you.
the Son of God
I too was made in His image.
was once—
I give you the rose.
Muriel, tight in her revulsion, sees black, and daintily reaches for the offering. As her
hand touches it, Dan springs up in his seat and shouts: 129
“JESUS WAS ONCE A LEPER!”

Dan steps down.
He is as cool as a green stem that has just shed its flower.
Rows of gaping faces strain towards him. They are distant, beneath him, impalpable.
Squeezing out, Dan again treads upon the corn-foot man. The man shoves him.
“Watch where youre going, mister. Crazy or no, you aint going to walk over me.
Watch where youre going there.”
Dan turns, and serenely tweaks the fellow’s nose. The man jumps up. Dan is jammed
against a seat-back. A slight swift anger flicks him. His fist hooks the other’s jaw.
“Now you have started something. Aint no man living can hit me and get away with it.
Come on on the outside.”
The house, tumultuously stirring, grabs its wraps and follows the men.
The man leads Dan up a black alley. The alley-air is thick and moist with smells of
garbage and wet trash. In the morning, singing niggers will drive by and ring their 130
gongs... Heavy with the scent of rancid flowers and with the scent of fight. The crowd,
pressing forward, is a hollow roar. Eyes of houses, soft girl-eyes, glow reticently upon
the hubbub and blink out. The man stops. Takes off his hat and coat. Dan, having
forgotten him, keeps going on.
PRAYER 131
My body is opaque to the soul.

Driven of the spirit, long have I sought to temper it unto the spirit’s longing,
But my mind, too, is opaque to the soul.
A closed lid is my soul’s flesh-eye.
O Spirits of whom my soul is but a little finger,
Direct it to the lid of its flesh-eye.
I am weak with much giving.
I am weak with the desire to give more.
(How strong a thing is the little finger!)
So weak that I have confused the body with the soul,
And the body with its little finger.
(How frail is the little finger.)
My voice could not carry to you did you dwell in stars,
O Spirits of whom my soul is but a little finger...
HARVEST SONG 132
I am a reaper whose muscles set at sundown. All my oats are cradled.

But I am too chilled, and too fatigued to bind them. And I hunger.
I crack a grain between my teeth. I do not taste it.

I have been in the fields all day. My throat is dry. I hunger.
My eyes are caked with dust of oatfields at harvest- time.

I am a blind man who stares across the hills, seeking stack’d fields of other harvesters.
It would be good to see them ... crook’d, split, and iron-ring’d handles of the scythes. It
would be good to see them, dust-caked and blind. I hunger.
(Dusk is a strange fear’d sheath their blades are dull’d in.)

My throat is dry. And should I call, a cracked grain like the oats ... eoho—
I fear to call. What should they hear me, and offer me their grain, oats, or wheat, or corn?
I have been in the fields all day. I fear I could not taste it. I fear knowledge of my
hunger.
My ears are caked with dust of oatfields at harvest-time. 133
I am a deaf man who strains to hear the calls of other harvesters whose throats are also
dry.
It would be good to hear their songs .. reapers of the sweet-stalk’d cane, cutters of the
corn .. even though their throats cracked and the strangeness of their voices deafened
me.
I hunger. My throat is dry. Now that the sun has set and I am chilled, I fear to call. (Eoho,
my brothers!)
I am a reaper. (Eoho!) All my oats are cradled. But I am too fatigued to bind them. And I
hunger. I crack a grain. It has no taste to it. My throat is dry...
O my brothers, I beat my palms, still soft, against the stubble of my harvesting. (You beat
your soft palms, too.) My pain is sweet. Sweeter than the oats or wheat or corn. It
will not bring me knowledge of my hunger.
BONA AND PAUL 134
ONbetheteachers,
school gymnasium floor, young men and women are drilling. They are going to
and go out into the world .. thud, thud .. and give precision to the
movements of sick people who all their lives have been drilling. One man is out of step.
In step. The teacher glares at him. A girl in bloomers, seated on a mat in the corner
because she has told the director that she is sick, sees that the footfalls of the men are
rhythmical and syncopated. The dance of his blue-trousered limbs thrills her.
Bona: He is a candle that dances in a grove swung with pale balloons.
Columns of the drillers thud towards her. He is in the front row. He is in no row at all.
Bona can look close at him. His red-brown face—
Bona: He is a harvest moon. He is an autumn leaf. He is a nigger. Bona! But dont all
the dorm girls say so? And dont you, when you are sane, say so? Thats why I love—Oh, 135
nonsense. You have never loved a man who didnt first love you. Besides—
Columns thud away from her. Come to a halt in line formation. Rigid. The period bell
rings, and the teacher dismisses them.
A group collects around Paul. They are choosing sides for basket-ball. Girls against
boys. Paul has his. He is limbering up beneath the basket. Bona runs to the girl captain
and asks to be chosen. The girls fuss. The director comes to quiet them. He hears what
Bona wants.
“But, Miss Hale, you were excused—”
“So I was, Mr. Boynton, but—”
“—you can play basket-ball, but you are too sick to drill.”
“If you wish to put it that way.”
She swings away from him to the girl captain.
“Helen, I want to play, and you must let me. This is the first time I’ve asked and I dont
see why—”
“Thats just it, Bona. We have our team.”
“Well, team or no team, I want to play and thats all there is to it.”
She snatches the ball from Helen’s hands, and charges down the floor. 136
Helen shrugs. One of the weaker girls says that she’ll drop out. Helen accepts this. The
team is formed. The whistle blows. The game starts. Bona, in center, is jumping against
Paul. He plays with her. Out-jumps her, makes a quick pass, gets a quick return, and
shoots a goal from the middle of the floor. Bona burns crimson. She fights, and tries to
guard him. One of her team-mates advises her not to play so hard. Paul shoots his second
goal.
Bona begins to feel a little dizzy and all in. She drives on. Almost hugs Paul to guard
him. Near the basket, he attempts to shoot, and Bona lunges into his body and tries to
beat his arms. His elbow, going up, gives her a sharp crack on the jaw. She whirls. He
catches her. Her body stiffens. Then becomes strangely vibrant, and bursts to a swift life
within her anger. He is about to give way before her hatred when a new passion flares at
him and makes his stomach fall. Bona squeezes him. He suddenly feels stifled, and
wonders why in hell the ring of silly gaping faces that’s caked about him doesnt make
way and give him air. He has a swift illusion that it is himself who has been struck. He 137
looks at Bona. Whir. Whir. They seem to be human distortions spinning tensely in a fog.
Spinning .. dizzy .. spinning... Bona jerks herself free, flushes a startling crimson, breaks
through the bewildered teams, and rushes from the hall.
Paul is in his room of two windows.

Outside, the South-Side L track cuts them in two.
Bona is one window. One window, Paul.
Hurtling Loop-jammed L trains throw them in swift shadow.
Paul goes to his. Gray slanting roofs of houses are tinted lavender in the setting sun.
Paul follows the sun, over the stock-yards where a fresh stench is just arising, across
wheat lands that are still waving above their stubble, into the sun. Paul follows the sun to
a pine-matted hillock in Georgia. He sees the slanting roofs of gray unpainted cabins
tinted lavender. A Negress chants a lullaby beneath the mate-eyes of a southern planter. 138
Her breasts are ample for the suckling of a song. She weans it, and sends it, curiously
weaving, among lush melodies of cane and corn. Paul follows the sun into himself in
Chicago.
He is at Bona’s window.
With his own glow he looks through a dark pane.
Paul’s room-mate comes in.

“Say, Paul, I’ve got a date for you. Come on. Shake a leg, will you?”
His blonde hair is combed slick. His vest is snug about him.
He is like the electric light which he snaps on.
“Whatdoysay, Paul? Get a wiggle on. Come on. We havent got much time by the time
we eat and dress and everything.”
His bustling concentrates on the brushing of his hair.
Art: What in hell’s getting into Paul of late, anyway? Christ, but he’s getting moony.
Its his blood. Dark blood: moony. Doesnt get anywhere unless you boost it. You’ve got to 139
keep it going—
“Say, Paul!”
—or it’ll go to sleep on you. Dark blood; nigger? Thats what those jealous she-hens
say. Not Bona though, or she ... from the South ... wouldnt want me to fix a date for him
and her. Hell of a thing, that Paul’s dark: you’ve got to always be answering questions.
“Say, Paul, for Christ’s sake leave that window, cant you?”
“Whats it, Art?”
“Hell, I’ve told you about fifty times. Got a date for you. Come on.”
“With who?”
Art: He didnt use to ask; now he does. Getting up in the air. Getting funny.
“Heres your hat. Want a smoke? Paul! Here. I’ve got a match. Now come on and I’ll
tell you all about it on the way to supper.”
Paul: He’s going to Life this time. No doubt of that. Quit your kidding. Some day, dear
Art, I’m going to kick the living slats out of you, and you wont know what I’ve done it
for. And your slats will bring forth Life .. beautiful woman...
Pure Food Restaurant. 140
“Bring me some soup with a lot of crackers, understand? And then a roast-beef dinner.
Same for you, eh, Paul? Now as I was saying, you’ve got a swell chance with her. And
she’s game. Best proof: she dont give a damn what the dorm girls say about you and her
in the gym, or about the funny looks that Boynton gives her, or about what they say
about, well, hell, you know, Paul. And say, Paul, she’s a sweetheart. Tall, not puffy and
pretty, more serious and deep—the kind you like these days. And they say she’s got a car.
And say, she’s on fire. But you know all about that. She got Helen to fix it up with me.
The four of us—remember the last party? Crimson Gardens! Boy!”
Paul’s eyes take on a light that Art can settle in.
Art has on his patent-leather pumps and fancy vest. A loose fall coat is swung across
his arm. His face has been massaged, and over a close shave, powdered. It is a healthy
pink the blue of evening tints a purple pallor. Art is happy and confident in the good 141
looks that his mirror gave him. Bubbling over with a joy he must spend now if the night
is to contain it all. His bubbles, too, are curiously tinted purple as Paul watches them.
Paul, contrary to what he had thought he would be like, is cool like the dusk, and like the
dusk, detached. His dark face is a floating shade in evening’s shadow. He sees Art,
curiously. Art is a purple fluid, carbon-charged, that effervesces besides him. He loves
Art. But is it not queer, this pale purple facsimile of a red-blooded Norwegian friend of
his? Perhaps for some reason, white skins are not supposed to live at night. Surely,
enough nights would transform them fantastically, or kill them. And their red passion?
Night paled that too, and made it moony. Moony. Thats what Art thought of him. Bona
didnt, even in the daytime. Bona, would she be pale? Impossible. Not that red glow. But
the conviction did not set his emotion flowing.
“Come right in, wont you? The young ladies will be right down. Oh, Mr. Carlstrom, do
play something for us while you are waiting. We just love to listen to your music. You 142
play so well.”
Houses, and dorm sitting-rooms are places where white faces seclude themselves at
night. There is a reason...
Art sat on the piano and simply tore it down. Jazz. The picture of Our Poets hung
perilously.
Paul: I’ve got to get the kid to play that stuff for me in the daytime. Might be different.
More himself. More nigger. Different? There is. Curious, though.
The girls come in. Art stops playing, and almost immediately takes up a petty quarrel,
where he had last left it, with Helen.
Bona, black-hair curled staccato, sharply contrasting with Helen’s puffy yellow, holds
Paul’s hand. She squeezes it. Her own emotion supplements the return pressure. And
then, for no tangible reason, her spirits drop. Without them, she is nervous, and slightly
afraid. She resents this. Paul’s eyes are critical. She resents Paul. She flares at him. She
flares to poise and security.
“Shall we be on our way?”
“Yes, Bona, certainly.”
The Boulevard is sleek in asphalt, and, with arc-lights and limousines, aglow. Dry 143
leaves scamper behind the whir of cars. The scent of exploded gasoline that mingles with
them is faintly sweet. Mellow stone mansions over-shadow clapboard homes which now
resemble Negro shanties in some southern alley. Bona and Paul, and Art and Helen,
move along an island-like, far-stretching strip of leaf-soft ground. Above them, worlds of
shadow-planes and solids, silently moving. As if on one of these, Paul looks down on
Bona. No doubt of it: her face is pale. She is talking. Her words have no feel to them.
One sees them. They are pink petals that fall upon velvet cloth. Bona is soft, and pale,
and beautiful.
“Paul, tell me something about yourself—or would you rather wait?”
“I’ll tell you anything you’d like to know.”
“Not what I want to know, Paul; what you want to tell me.”
“You have the beauty of a gem fathoms under sea.”
“I feel that, but I dont want to be. I want to be near you. Perhaps I will be if I tell you
something. Paul, I love you.”
The sea casts up its jewel into his hands, and burns them furiously. To tuck her arm 144
under his and hold her hand will ease the burn.
“What can I say to you, brave dear woman—I cant talk love. Love is a dry grain in my
mouth unless it is wet with kisses.”
“You would dare? right here on the Boulevard? before Arthur and Helen?”
“Before myself? I dare.”
“Here then.”
Bona, in the slim shadow of a tree trunk, pulls Paul to her. Suddenly she stiffens.
Stops.
“But you have not said you love me.”
“I cant—yet—Bona.”
“Ach, you never will. Youre cold. Cold.”
Bona: Colored; cold. Wrong somewhere.
She hurries and catches up with Art and Helen.
Crimson Gardens. Hurrah! So one feels. People ... University of Chicago students,
members of the stock exchange, a large Negro in crimson uniform who guards the door ..
had watched them enter. Had leaned towards each other over ash-smeared tablecloths and 145
highballs and whispered: What is he, a Spaniard, an Indian, an Italian, a Mexican, a

Hindu, or a Japanese? Art had at first fidgeted under their stares .. what are you looking
at, you godam pack of owl-eyed hyenas? .. but soon settled into his fuss with Helen, and
forgot them. A strange thing happened to Paul. Suddenly he knew that he was apart from
the people around him. Apart from the pain which they had unconsciously caused.
Suddenly he knew that people saw, not attractiveness in his dark skin, but difference.
Their stares, giving him to himself, filled something long empty within him, and were
like green blades sprouting in his consciousness. There was fullness, and strength and
peace about it all. He saw himself, cloudy, but real. He saw the faces of the people at the
tables round him. White lights, or as now, the pink lights of the Crimson Gardens gave a
glow and immediacy to white faces. The pleasure of it, equal to that of love or dream, of
seeing this. Art and Bona and Helen? He’d look. They were wonderfully flushed and
beautiful. Not for himself; because they were. Distantly. Who were they, anyway? God, if 146
he knew them. He’d come in with them. Of that he was sure. Come where? Into life?
Yes. No. Into the Crimson Gardens. A part of life. A carbon bubble. Would it look purple
if he went out into the night and looked at it? His sudden starting to rise almost upset the
table.
“What in hell—pardon—whats the matter, Paul?”
“I forgot my cigarettes—”
“Youre smoking one.”
“So I am. Pardon me.”

The waiter straightens them out. Takes their order.
Art: What in hell’s eating Paul? Moony aint the word for it. From bad to worse. And
those godam people staring so. Paul’s a queer fish. Doesnt seem to mind... He’s my pal,
let me tell you, you horn-rimmed owl-eyed hyena at that table, and a lot better than you
whoever you are... Queer about him. I could stick up for him if he’d only come out, one
way or the other, and tell a feller. Besides, a room-mate has a right to know. Thinks I
wont understand. Said so. He’s got a swell head when it comes to brains, all right. God, 147
he’s a good straight feller, though. Only, moony. Nut. Nuttish. Nuttery. Nutmeg...
“What’d you say, Helen?”
“I was talking to Bona, thank you.”
“Well, its nothing to get spiffy about.”
“What? Oh, of course not. Please lets dont start some silly argument all over again.”
“Well.”
“Well.”
“Now thats enough. Say, waiter, whats the matter with our order? Make it snappy, will
you?”
Crimson Gardens. Hurrah! So one feels. The drinks come. Four highballs. Art passes
cigarettes. A girl dressed like a bare-back rider in flaming pink, makes her way through
tables to the dance floor. All lights are dimmed till they seem a lush afterglow of
crimson. Spotlights the girl. She sings. “Liza, Little Liza Jane.”
Paul is rosy before his window.
He moves, slightly, towards Bona.
With his own glow, he seeks to penetrate a dark pane.
Paul: From the South. What does that mean, precisely, except that you’ll love or hate a 148
nigger? Thats a lot. What does it mean except that in Chicago you’ll have the courage to
neither love or hate. A priori. But it would seem that you have. Queer words, arent these,
for a man who wears blue pants on a gym floor in the daytime. Well, never matter. You
matter. I’d like to know you whom I look at. Know, not love. Not that knowing is a
greater pleasure; but that I have just found the joy of it. You came just a month too late.
Even this afternoon I dreamed. To-night, along the Boulevard, you found me cold. Paul
Johnson, cold! Thats a good one, eh, Art, you fine old stupid fellow, you! But I feel
good! The color and the music and the song... A Negress chants a lullaby beneath the
mate-eyes of a southern planter. O song!.. And those flushed faces. Eager brilliant eyes.
Hard to imagine them as unawakened. Your own. Oh, they’re awake all right. “And you
know it too, dont you Bona?”
“What, Paul?”
“The truth of what I was thinking.”
“I’d like to know I know—something of you.” 149
“You will—before the evening’s over. I promise it.”

Crimson Gardens. Hurrah! So one feels. The bare-back rider balances agilely on the
applause which is the tail of her song. Orchestral instruments warm up for jazz. The flute
is a cat that ripples its fur against the deep-purring saxophone. The drum throws sticks.
The cat jumps on the piano keyboard. Hi diddle, hi diddle, the cat and the fiddle.
Crimson Gardens .. hurrah! .. jumps over the moon. Crimson Gardens! Helen .. O Eliza ..
rabbit-eyes sparkling, plays up to, and tries to placate what she considers to be Paul’s
contempt. She always does that .. Little Liza Jane... Once home, she burns with the
thought of what she’s done. She says all manner of snidy things about him, and swears
that she’ll never go out again when he is along. She tries to get Art to break with him,
saying, that if Paul, whom the whole dormitory calls a nigger, is more to him than she is,
well, she’s through. She does not break with Art. She goes out as often as she can with
Art and Paul. She explains this to herself by a piece of information which a friend of hers 150
had given her: men like him (Paul) can fascinate. One is not responsible for fascination.
Not one girl had really loved Paul; he fascinated them. Bona didnt; only thought she did.
Time would tell. And of course, she didnt. Liza... She plays up to, and tries to placate,
Paul.
“Paul is so deep these days, and I’m so glad he’s found some one to interest him.”
“I dont believe I do.”
The thought escapes from Bona just a moment before her anger at having said it.
Bona: You little puffy cat, I do. I do!
Dont I, Paul? her eyes ask.
Her answer is a crash of jazz from the palm-hidden orchestra. Crimson Gardens is a
body whose blood flows to a clot upon the dance floor. Art and Helen clot. Soon, Bona
and Paul. Paul finds her a little stiff, and his mind, wandering to Helen (silly little kid
who wants every highball spoon her hands touch, for a souvenir), supple, perfect little
dancer, wishes for the next dance when he and Art will exchange.
Bona knows that she must win him to herself.
“Since when have men like you grown cold?”
“The first philosopher.” 151
“I thought you were a poet—or a gym director.”

“Hence, your failure to make love.”
Bona’s eyes flare. Water. Grow red about the rims. She would like to tear away from
him and dash across the clotted floor.
“What do you mean?”
“Mental concepts rule you. If they were flush with mine—good. I dont believe they
are.”
“How do you know, Mr. Philosopher?”
“Mostly a priori.”
“You talk well for a gym director.”
“And you—”
“I hate you. Ou!”
She presses away. Paul, conscious of the convention in it, pulls her to him. Her body
close. Her head still strains away. He nearly crushes her. She tries to pinch him. Then
sees people staring, and lets her arms fall. Their eyes meet. Both, contemptuous. The
dance takes blood from their minds and packs it, tingling, in the torsos of their swaying
bodies. Passionate blood leaps back into their eyes. They are a dizzy blood clot on a
gyrating floor.
They know that the pink-faced people have no part in what they feel. Their instinct 152
leads them away from Art and Helen, and towards the big uniformed black man who
opens and closes the gilded exit door. The cloak-room girl is tolerant of their impatience
over such trivial things as wraps. And slightly superior. As the black man swings the door
for them, his eyes are knowing. Too many couples have passed out, flushed and fidgety,
for him not to know. The chill air is a shock to Paul. A strange thing happens. He sees the
Gardens purple, as if he were way off. And a spot is in the purple. The spot comes
furiously towards him. Face of the black man. It leers. It smiles sweetly like a child’s.
Paul leaves Bona and darts back so quickly that he doesnt give the door-man a chance to
open. He swings in. Stops. Before the huge bulk of the Negro.
“Youre wrong.”
“Yassur.”
“Brother, youre wrong.”
“I came back to tell you, to shake your hand, and tell you that you are wrong. That
something beautiful is going to happen. That the Gardens are purple like a bed of roses 153
would be at dusk. That I came into the Gardens, into life in the Gardens with one whom I
did not know. That I danced with her, and did not know her. That I felt passion, contempt
and passion for her whom I did not know. That I thought of her. That my thoughts were
matches thrown into a dark window. And all the while the Gardens were purple like a bed
of roses would be at dusk. I came back to tell you, brother, that white faces are petals of
roses. That dark faces are petals of dusk. That I am going out and gather petals. That I am
going out and know her whom I brought here with me to these Gardens which are purple
like a bed of roses would be at dusk.”
Paul and the black man shook hands.
When he reached the spot where they had been standing, Bona was gone.
to Waldo Frank.
KABNIS 153
RALPH KABNIS, propped in his bed, tries to read. To read himself to sleep. An oil
lamp on a chair near his elbow burns unsteadily. The cabin room is spaced
fantastically about it. Whitewashed hearth and chimney, black with sooty saw-teeth.
Ceiling, patterned by the fringed globe of the lamp. The walls, unpainted, are seasoned a
rosin yellow. And cracks between the boards are black. These cracks are the lips the night
winds use for whispering. Night winds in Georgia are vagrant poets, whispering. Kabnis,
against his will, lets his book slip down, and listens to them. The warm whiteness of his
bed, the lamp-light, do not protect him from the weird chill of their song:
White-man’s land.
Niggers, sing.
Burn, bear black children
Till poor rivers bring
Rest, and sweet glory
In Camp Ground.
Kabnis’ thin hair is streaked on the pillow. His hand strokes the slim silk of his 158
mustache. His thumb, pressed under his chin, seems to be trying to give squareness and
projection to it. Brown eyes stare from a lemon face. Moisture gathers beneath his arm-
pits. He slides down beneath the cover, seeking release.
Kabnis: Near me. Now. Whoever you are, my warm glowing sweetheart, do not think
that the face that rests beside you is the real Kabnis. Ralph Kabnis is a dream. And
dreams are faces with large eyes and weak chins and broad brows that get smashed by
the fists of square faces. The body of the world is bull-necked. A dream is a soft face that
fits uncertainly upon it... God, if I could develop that in words. Give what I know a bull-
neck and a heaving body, all would go well with me, wouldnt it, sweetheart? If I could
feel that I came to the South to face it. If I, the dream (not what is weak and afraid in me)
could become the face of the South. How my lips would sing for it, my songs being the
lips of its soul. Soul. Soul hell. There aint no such thing. What in hell was that?
A rat had run across the thin boards of the ceiling. Kabnis thrusts his head out from the 159
covers. Through the cracks, a powdery faded red dust sprays down on him. Dust of
slave-fields, dried, scattered... No use to read. Christ, if he only could drink himself to
sleep. Something as sure as fate was going to happen. He couldnt stand this thing much
longer. A hen, perched on a shelf in the adjoining room begins to tread. Her nails scrape
the soft wood. Her feathers ruffle.
“Get out of that, you egg-laying bitch.”
Kabnis hurls a slipper against the wall. The hen flies from her perch and cackles as if a
skunk were after her.
“Now cut out that racket or I’ll wring your neck for you.”
Answering cackles arise in the chicken yard.
“Why in Christ’s hell cant you leave me alone? Damn it, I wish your cackle would
choke you. Choke every mother’s son of them in this God-forsaken hole. Go away. By
God I’ll wring your neck for you if you dont. Hell of a mess I’ve got in: even the poultry
is hostile. Go way. Go way. By God, I’ll...”
Kabnis jumps from his bed. His eyes are wild. He makes for the door. Bursts through 160
it. The hen, driving blindly at the window-pane, screams. Then flies and flops around
trying to elude him. Kabnis catches her.
“Got you now, you she-bitch.”

With his fingers about her neck, he thrusts open the outside door and steps out into the
serene loveliness of Georgian autumn moonlight. Some distance off, down in the valley,
a band of pine-smoke, silvered gauze, drifts steadily. The half-moon is a white child that
sleeps upon the tree-tops of the forest. White winds croon its sleep-song:
rock a-by baby..

Black mother sways, holding a white child on her bosom.
when the bough bends..
Her breath hums through pine-cones.
cradle will fall..
Teat moon-children at your breasts,
down will come baby..
Black mother.
Kabnis whirls the chicken by its neck, and throws the head away. Picks up the hopping 161
body, warm, sticky, and hides it in a clump of bushes. He wipes blood from his hands
onto the coarse scant grass.
Kabnis: Thats done. Old Chromo in the big house there will wonder whats become of
her pet hen. Well, it’ll teach her a lesson: not to make a hen-coop of my quarters.
Quarters. Hell of a fine quarters, I’ve got. Five years ago; look at me now. Earth’s child.
The earth my mother. God is a profligate red-nosed man about town. Bastardy; me. A
bastard son has got a right to curse his maker. God...
Kabnis is about to shake his fists heaven-ward. He looks up, and the night’s beauty
strikes him dumb. He falls to his knees. Sharp stones cut through his thin pajamas. The
shock sends a shiver over him. He quivers. Tears mist his eyes. He writhes.
“God Almighty, dear God, dear Jesus, do not torture me with beauty. Take it away.
Give me an ugly world. Ha, ugly. Stinking like unwashed niggers. Dear Jesus, do not
chain me to myself and set these hills and valleys, heaving with folk-songs, so close to
me that I cannot reach them. There is a radiant beauty in the night that touches and ... 162
tortures me. Ugh. Hell. Get up, you damn fool. Look around. Whats beautiful there? Hog
pens and chicken yards. Dirty red mud. Stinking outhouse. Whats beauty anyway but
ugliness if it hurts you? God, he doesnt exist, but nevertheless He is ugly. Hence, what
comes from Him is ugly. Lynchers and business men, and that cockroach Hanby,
especially. How come that he gets to be principal of a school? Of the school I’m driven
to teach in? God’s handiwork, doubtless. God and Hanby, they belong together. Two
godam moral-spouters. Oh, no, I wont let that emotion come up in me. Stay down. Stay
down, I tell you. O Jesus, Thou art beautiful... Come, Ralph, pull yourself together.
Curses and adoration dont come from what is sane. This loneliness, dumbness, awful,
intangible oppression is enough to drive a man insane. Miles from nowhere. A speck on a
Georgia hillside. Jesus, can you imagine it—an atom of dust in agony on a hillside?
Thats a spectacle for you. Come, Ralph, old man, pull yourself together.”
Kabnis has stiffened. He is conscious now of the night wind, and of how it chills him. 163
He rises. He totters as a man would who for the first time uses artificial limbs. As a
completely artificial man would. The large frame house, squatting on brick pillars, where
the principal of the school, his wife, and the boarding girls sleep, seems a curious shadow
of his mind. He tries, but cannot convince himself of its reality. His gaze drifts down into
the vale, across the swamp, up over the solid dusk bank of pines, and rests, bewildered-
like, on the court-house tower. It is dull silver in the moonlight. White child that sleeps
upon the top of pines. Kabnis’ mind clears. He sees himself yanked beneath that tower.
He sees white minds, with indolent assumption, juggle justice and a nigger... Somewhere,
far off in the straight line of his sight, is Augusta. Christ, how cut off from everything he
is. And hours, hours north, why not say a lifetime north? Washington sleeps. Its still,
peaceful streets, how desirable they are. Its people whom he had always halfway
despised. New York? Impossible. It was a fiction. He had dreamed it. An impotent
nostalgia grips him. It becomes intolerable. He forces himself to narrow to a cabin 164
silhouetted on a knoll about a mile away. Peace. Negroes within it are content. They
farm. They sing. They love. They sleep. Kabnis wonders if perhaps they can feel him. If
perhaps he gives them bad dreams. Things are so immediate in Georgia.
Thinking that now he can go to sleep, he re-enters his room. He builds a fire in the
open hearth. The room dances to the tongues of flames, and sings to the crackling and
spurting of the logs. Wind comes up between the floor boards, through the black cracks
of the walls.
Kabnis: Cant sleep. Light a cigarette. If that old bastard comes over here and smells
smoke, I’m done for. Hell of a note, cant even smoke. The stillness of it: where they burn
and hang men, you cant smoke. Cant take a swig of licker. What do they think this is,
anyway, some sort of temperance school? How did I ever land in such a hole? Ugh. One
might just as well be in his grave. Still as a grave. Jesus, how still everything is. Does the
world know how still it is? People make noise. They are afraid of silence. Of what lives,
and God, of what dies in silence. There must be many dead things moving in silence. 165
They come here to touch me. I swear I feel their fingers... Come, Ralph, pull yourself
together. What in hell was that? Only the rustle of leaves, I guess. You know, Ralph, old
man, it wouldnt surprise me at all to see a ghost. People dont think there are such things.
They rationalize their fear, and call their cowardice science. Fine bunch, they are. Damit,
that was a noise. And not the wind either. A chicken maybe. Hell, chickens dont wander
around this time of night. What in hell is it?
A scraping sound, like a piece of wood dragging over the ground, is coming near.
“Ha, ha. The ghosts down this way havent got any chains to rattle, so they drag trees
along with them. Thats a good one. But no joke, something is outside this house, as sure
as hell. Whatever it is, it can get a good look at me and I cant see it. Jesus Christ!”
Kabnis pours water on the flames and blows his lamp out. He picks up a poker and
stealthily approaches the outside door. Swings it open, and lurches into the night. A calf,
carrying a yoke of wood, bolts away from him and scampers down the road.
“Well, I’m damned. This godam place is sure getting the best of me. Come, Ralph, old 166
man, pull yourself together. Nights cant last forever. Thank God for that. Its Sunday
already. First time in my life I’ve ever wanted Sunday to come. Hell of a day. And down
here there’s no such thing as ducking church. Well, I’ll see Halsey and Layman, and get a
good square meal. Thats something. And Halsey’s a damn good feller. Cant talk to him,
though. Who in Christ’s world can I talk to? A hen. God. Myself... I’m going bats, no
doubt of that. Come now, Ralph, go in and make yourself go to sleep. Come now .. in the
door .. thats right. Put the poker down. There. All right. Slip under the sheets. Close your
eyes. Think nothing .. a long time .. nothing, nothing. Dont even think nothing. Blank.
Not even blank. Count. No, mustnt count Nothing .. blank .. nothing .. blank .. space
without stars in it. No, nothing .. nothing..
Kabnis sleeps. The winds, like soft-voiced vagrant poets sing:
167
White-man’s land.
Niggers, sing.
In Camp Ground.
The parlor of Fred Halsey’s home. There is a seediness about it. It seems as though the
fittings have given a frugal service to at least seven generations of middle-class shop-
owners. An open grate burns cheerily in contrast to the gray cold changed autumn
weather. An old-fashioned mantelpiece supports a family clock (not running), a figure or
two in imitation bronze, and two small group pictures. Directly above it, in a heavy oak
frame, the portrait of a bearded man. Black hair, thick and curly, intensifies the pallor of
the high forehead. The eyes are daring. The nose, sharp and regular. The poise suggests a
tendency to adventure checked by the necessities of absolute command. The portrait is
that of an English gentleman who has retained much of his culture, in that money has 168
enabled him to escape being drawn through a land-grubbing pioneer life. His nature and
features, modified by marriage and circumstances, have been transmitted to his great-
grandson, Fred. To the left of this picture, spaced on the wall, is a smaller portrait of the
great-grandmother. That here there is a Negro strain, no one would doubt. But it is
difficult to say in precisely what feature it lies. On close inspection, her mouth is seen to
be wistfully twisted. The expression of her face seems to shift before one’s gaze—now
ugly, repulsive; now sad, and somehow beautiful in its pain. A tin wood-box rests on the
floor below. To the right of the great-grandfather’s portrait hangs a family group: the
father, mother, two brothers, and one sister of Fred. It includes himself some thirty years
ago when his face was an olive white, and his hair luxuriant and dark and wavy. The
father is a rich brown. The mother, practically white. Of the children, the girl, quite
young, is like Fred; the two brothers, darker. The walls of the room are plastered and
painted green. An old upright piano is tucked into the corner near the window. The
window looks out on a forlorn, box-like, whitewashed frame church. Negroes are 169
gathering, on foot, driving questionable gray and brown mules, and in an occasional
Ford, for afternoon service. Beyond, Georgia hills roll off into the distance, their dreary
aspect heightened by the gray spots of unpainted one- and two-room shanties. Clumps of
pine trees here and there are the dark points the whole landscape is approaching. The
church bell tolls. Above its squat tower, a great spiral of buzzards reaches far into the
heavens. An ironic comment upon the path that leads into the Christian land... Three
rocking chairs are grouped around the grate. Sunday papers scattered on the floor
indicate a recent usage. Halsey, a well-built, stocky fellow, hair cropped close, enters the
room. His Sunday clothes smell of wood and glue, for it is his habit to potter around his
wagon-shop even on the Lord’s day. He is followed by Professor Layman, tall, heavy,
loose-jointed Georgia Negro, by turns teacher and preacher, who has traveled in almost
every nook and corner of the state and hence knows more than would be good for anyone
other than a silent man. Kabnis, trying to force through a gathering heaviness, trails in 170
behind them. They slip into chairs before the fire.

Layman: Sholy fine, Mr. Halsey, sholy fine. This town’s right good at feedin folks,
better’n most towns in th state, even for preachers, but I ken say this beats um all. Yassur.
Now aint that right, Professor Kabnis?
Kabnis: Yes sir, this beats them all, all right—best I’ve had, and thats a fact, though
my comparison doesnt carry far, y’know.
Layman: Hows that, Professor?
Kabnis: Well, this is my first time out—
Layman: For a fact. Aint seed you round so much. Whats th trouble? Dont like our
folks down this away?
Halsey: Aint that, Layman. He aint like most northern niggers that way. Aint a thing
stuck up about him. He likes us, you an me, maybe all—its that red mud over yonder—
gets stuck in it an cant get out. (Laughs.) An then he loves th fire so, warm as its been.
Coldest Yankee I’ve ever seen. But I’m goin t get him out now in a jiffy, eh, Kabnis?
Kabnis: Sure, I should say so, sure. Dont think its because I dont like folks down this
way. Just the opposite, in fact. Theres more hospitality and everything. Its diff—that is, 171
theres lots of northern exaggeration about the South. Its not half the terror they picture it.
Things are not half bad, as one could easily figure out for himself without ever crossing
the Mason and Dixie line: all these people wouldnt stay down here, especially the rich,
the ones that could easily leave, if conditions were so mighty bad. And then too,
sometime back, my family were southerners y’know. From Georgia, in fact—
Layman: Nothin t feel proud about, Professor. Neither your folks nor mine.
Halsey (in a mock religious tone): Amen t that, brother Layman. Amen (turning to
Kabnis, half playful, yet somehow dead in earnest). An Mr. Kabnis, kindly remember
youre in th land of cotton—hell of a land. Th white folks get th boll; th niggers get th
stalk. An dont you dare touch th boll, or even look at it. They’ll swing y sho. (Laughs.)
Kabnis: But they wouldnt touch a gentleman—fellows, men like us three here—
Layman: Nigger’s a nigger down this away, Professor. An only two dividins: good an
bad. An even they aint permanent categories. They sometimes mixes um up when it 172
comes t lynchin. I’ve seen um do it.

Halsey: Dont let th fear int y, though, Kabnis. This county’s a good un. Aint been a
stringin up I can remember. (Laughs.)
Layman: This is a good town an a good county. But theres some that makes up fer it.
Kabnis: Things are better now though since that stir about those peonage cases, arent
they?
Layman: Ever hear tell of a single shot killin moren one rabbit, Professor?
Kabnis: No, of course not, that is, but then—
Halsey: Now I know you werent born yesterday, sprung up so rapid like you aint heard
of th brick thrown in th hornets’ nest. (Laughs.)
Kabnis: Hardly, hardly, I know—
Halsey: Course y do. (To Layman) See, northern niggers aint as dumb as they make
out t be.
Kabnis (overlooking the remark): Just stirs them up to sting.
Halsey: T perfection. An put just like a professor should put it.
Kabnis: Thats what actually did happen? 173
Layman: Well, if it aint sos only because th stingers already movin jes as fast as they
ken go. An been goin ever since I ken remember, an then some mo. Though I dont
usually make mention of it.
Halsey: Damn sight better not. Say, Layman, you come from where theyre always
swarmin, dont y?
Layman: Yassur. I do that, sho. Dont want t mention it, but its a fact. I’ve seed th time
when there werent no use t even stretch out flat upon th ground. Seen um shoot an cut a
man t pieces who had died th night befo. Yassur. An they didnt stop when they found out
he was dead—jes went on ahackin at him anyway.
Kabnis: What did you do? What did you say to them, Professor?
Layman: Thems th things you neither does a thing or talks about if y want t stay
around this away, Professor.
Halsey: Listen t what he’s tellin y, Kabnis. May come in handy some day.
Kabnis: Cant something be done? But of course not. This preacher-ridden race. Pray 174
and shout. Theyre in the preacher’s hands. Thats what it is. And the preacher’s hands are
in the white man’s pockets.
Halsey: Present company always excepted.
Kabnis: The Professor knows I wasnt referring to him.
Layman: Preacher’s a preacher anywheres you turn. No use exceptin.
Kabnis: Well, of course, if you look at it that way. I didnt mean— But cant something
be done?
Layman: Sho. Yassur. An done first rate an well. Jes like Sam Raymon done it.
Kabnis: Hows that? What did he do?
Layman: Th white folks (reckon I oughtnt tell it) had jes knocked two others like you
kill a cow—brained um with an ax, when they caught Sam Raymon by a stream. They
was about t do fer him when he up an says, “White folks, I gotter die, I knows that. But
wont y let me die in my own way?” Some was fer gettin after him, but th boss held um
back an says, “Jes so longs th nigger dies—” An Sam fell down ont his knees an prayed,
“O Lord, Ise comin to y,” an he up an jumps int th stream. 175
Singing from the church becomes audible. Above it, rising and falling in a plaintive
moan, a woman’s voice swells to shouting. Kabnis hears it. His face gives way to an
expression of mingled fear, contempt, and pity. Layman takes no notice of it. Halsey
grins at Kabnis. He feels like having a little sport with him.
Halsey: Lets go t church, eh, Kabnis?
Kabnis (seeking control): All right—no sir, not by a damn sight. Once a days enough
for me. Christ, but that stuff gets to me. Meaning no reflection on you, Professor.
Halsey: Course not. Say, Kabnis, noticed y this morning. What’d y get up for an go
out?
Kabnis: Couldnt stand the shouting, and thats a fact. We dont have that sort of thing up
North. We do, but, that is, some one should see to it that they are stopped or put out when
they get so bad the preacher has to stop his sermon for them.
Halsey: Is that th way youall sit on sisters up North?
Kabnis: In the church I used to go to no one ever shouted—
Halsey: Lungs weak? 176
Kabnis: Hardly, that is—

Halsey: Yankees are right up t th minute in tellin folk how t turn a trick. They always
were good at talkin.
Kabnis: Well, anyway, they should be stopped.
Layman: Thats right. Thats true. An its th worst ones in th community that comes int th
church t shout. I’ve sort a made a study of it. You take a man what drinks, th biggest
licker-head around will come int th church an yell th loudest. An th sister whats done
wrong, an is always doin wrong, will sit down in th Amen corner an swing her arms an
shout her head off. Seems as if they cant control themselves out in th world; they cant
control themselves in church. Now dont that sound logical, Professor?
Halsey: Reckon its as good as any. But I heard that queer cuss over yonder—y know
him, dont y, Kabnis? Well, y ought t. He had a run-in with your boss th other day—same
as you’ll have if you dont walk th chalk-line. An th quicker th better. I hate that Hanby.
Ornery bastard. I’ll mash his mouth in one of these days. Well, as I was sayin, that feller, 177
Lewis’s name, I heard him sayin somethin about a stream whats dammed has got t cut
loose somewheres. An that sounds good. I know th feelin myself. He strikes me as
knowin a bucketful bout most things, that feller does. Seems like he doesnt want t talk,
an does, sometimes, like Layman here. Damn queer feller, him.
Layman: Cant make heads or tails of him, an I’ve seen lots o queer possums in my
day. Everybody’s wonderin about him. White folks too. He’ll have t leave here soon,
thats sho. Always askin questions. An I aint seed his lips move once. Pokin round an
notin somethin. Noted what I said th other day, an that werent fer notin down.
Kabnis: What was that?
Layman: Oh, a lynchin that took place bout a year ago. Th worst I know of round these
parts.
Halsey: Bill Burnam?
Layman: Na. Mame Lamkins.
Halsey grunts, but says nothing.
The preacher’s voice rolls from the church in an insistent chanting monotone. At
regular intervals it rises to a crescendo note. The sister begins to shout. Her voice, high- 178
pitched and hysterical, is almost perfectly attuned to the nervous key of Kabnis. Halsey
notices his distress, and is amused by it. Layman’s face is expressionless. Kabnis wants
to hear the story of Mame Lamkins. He does not want to hear it. It can be no worse than
the shouting.
Kabnis (his chair rocking faster): What about Mame Lamkins?
Halsey: Tell him, Layman.
The preacher momentarily stops. The choir, together with the entire congregation,
sings an old spiritual. The music seems to quiet the shouter. Her heavy breathing has the
sound of evening winds that blow through pinecones. Layman’s voice is uniformly low
and soothing. A canebrake, murmuring the tale to its neighbor-road would be more
passionate.
Layman: White folks know that niggers talk, an they dont mind jes so long as nothing
comes of it, so here goes. She was in th family-way, Mame Lamkins was. They killed her
in th street, an some white man seein th risin in her stomach as she lay there soppy in her
blood like any cow, took an ripped her belly open, an th kid fell out. It was living; but a 179
nigger baby aint supposed t live. So he jabbed his knife in it an stuck it t a tree. An then
they all went away.
Kabnis: Christ no! What had she done?
Layman: Tried t hide her husband when they was after him.
A shriek pierces the room. The bronze pieces on the mantel hum. The sister cries
frantically: “Jesus, Jesus, I’ve found Jesus. O Lord, glory t God, one mo sinner is acomin
home.” At the height of this, a stone, wrapped round with paper, crashes through the
window. Kabnis springs to his feet, terror-stricken. Layman is worried. Halsey picks up
the stone. Takes off the wrapper, smooths it out, and reads: “You northern nigger, its time
fer y t leave. Git along now.” Kabnis knows that the command is meant for him. Fear
squeezes him. Caves him in. As a violent external pressure would. Fear flows inside him.
It fills him up. He bloats. He saves himself from bursting by dashing wildly from the
room. Halsey and Layman stare stupidly at each other. The stone, the crumpled paper are 180
things, huge things that weight them. Their thoughts are vaguely concerned with the
texture of the stone, with the color of the paper. Then they remember the words, and
begin to shift them about in sentences. Layman even construes them grammatically.
Suddenly the sense of them comes back to Halsey. He grips Layman by the arm and they
both follow after Kabnis.
A false dusk has come early. The countryside is ashen, chill. Cabins and roads and
canebrakes whisper. The church choir, dipping into a long silence, sings:
My Lord, what a mourning,
When the stars begin to fall.
Softly luminous over the hills and valleys, the faint spray of a scattered star...
A splotchy figure drives forward along the cane- and corn-stalk hemmed-in road. A 181
scarecrow replica of Kabnis, awkwardly animate. Fantastically plastered with red

Georgia mud. It skirts the big house whose windows shine like mellow lanterns in the
dusk. Its shoulder jogs against a sweet-gum tree. The figure caroms off against the cabin
door, and lunges in. It slams the door as if to prevent some one entering after it.
“God Almighty, theyre here. After me. On me. All along the road I saw their eyes
flaring from the cane. Hounds. Shouts. What in God’s name did I run here for? A mud-
hole trap. I stumbled on a rope. O God, a rope. Their clammy hands were like the love of
death playing up and down my spine. Trying to trip my legs. To trip my spine. Up and
down my spine. My spine... My legs... Why in hell didn’t they catch me?”
Kabnis wheels around, half defiant, half numbed with a more immediate fear.
“Wanted to trap me here. Get out o there. I see you.”
He grabs a broom from beside the chimney and violently pokes it under the bed. The
broom strikes a tin wash-tub. The noise bewilders. He recovers. 182
“Not there. In the closet.”

He throws the broom aside and grips the poker. Starts towards the closet door, towards
somewhere in the perfect blackness behind the chimney.
“I’ll brain you.”
He stops short. The barks of hounds, evidently in pursuit, reach him. A voice, liquid in
distance, yells, “Hi! Hi!”
“O God, theyre after me. Holy Father, Mother of Christ—hell, this aint no time for
prayer—”
Voices, just outside the door:
“Reckon he’s here.”
“Dont see no light though.”
The door is flung open.
Kabnis: Get back or I’ll kill you.
He braces himself, brandishing the poker.
Halsey (coming in): Aint as bad as all that. Put that thing down.
Layman: Its only us, Professor. Nobody else after y.
Kabnis: Halsey. Layman. Close that door. Dont light that light. For godsake get away 183
from there.
Halsey: Nobody’s after y, Kabnis, I’m tellin y. Put that thing down an get yourself
together.
Kabnis: I tell you they are. I saw them. I heard the hounds.
Halsey: These aint th days of hounds an Uncle Tom’s Cabin, feller. White folks aint in
fer all them theatrics these days. Theys more direct than that. If what they wanted was t
get y, theyd have just marched right in an took y where y sat. Somebodys down by th
branch chasin rabbits an atreein possums.
A shot is heard.
Halsey: Got him, I reckon. Saw Tom goin out with his gun. Tom’s pretty lucky most
times.
He goes to the bureau and lights the lamp. The circular fringe is patterned on the
ceiling. The moving shadows of the men are huge against the bare wall boards. Halsey
walks up to Kabnis, takes the poker from his grip, and without more ado pushes him into
a chair before the dark hearth.
Halsey: Youre a mess. Here, Layman. Get some trash an start a fire. 184
Layman fumbles around, finds some newspapers and old bags, puts them in the hearth,
arranges the wood, and kindles the fire. Halsey sets a black iron kettle where it soon will
be boiling. Then takes from his hip-pocket a bottle of corn licker which he passes to
Kabnis.
Halsey: Here. This’ll straighten y out a bit.
Kabnis nervously draws the cork and gulps the licker down.
Kabnis: Ha. Good stuff. Thanks. Thank y, Halsey.

Halsey: Good stuff! Youre damn right. Hanby there dont think so. Wonder he doesnt
come over t find out whos burnin his oil. Miserly bastard, him. Th boys what made this
stuff—are y listenin t me, Kabnis? th boys what made this stuff have got th art down like
I heard you say youd like t be with words. Eh? Have some, Layman?
Layman: Dont think I care for none, thank y jes th same, Mr. Halsey.
Halsey: Care hell. Course y care. Everybody cares around these parts. Preachers an 185
school teachers an everybody. Here. Here, take it. Dont try that line on me.
Layman limbers up a little, but he cannot quite forget that he is on school ground.
Layman: Thats right. Thats true, sho. Shinin is th only business what pays in these
hard times.
He takes a nip, and passes the bottle to Kabnis. Kabnis is in the middle of a long swig
when a rap sounds on the door. He almost spills the bottle, but manages to pass it to
Halsey just as the door swings open and Hanby enters. He is a well-dressed, smooth,
rich, black-skinned Negro who thinks there is no one quite so suave and polished as
himself. To members of his own race, he affects the manners of a wealthy white planter.
Or, when he is up North, he lets it be known that his ideas are those of the best New
England tradition. To white men he bows, without ever completely humbling himself.
Tradesmen in the town tolerate him because he spends his money with them. He delivers
his words with a full consciousness of his moral superiority.
Hanby: Hum. Erer, Professor Kabnis, to come straight to the point: the progress of the 186
Negro race is jeopardized whenever the personal habits and examples set by its guides
and mentors fall below the acknowledged and hard-won standard of its average member.
This institution, of which I am the humble president, was founded, and has been
maintained at a cost of great labor and untold sacrifice. Its purpose is to teach our youth
to live better, cleaner, more noble lives. To prove to the world that the Negro race can be
just like any other race. It hopes to attain this aim partly by the salutary examples set by
its instructors. I cannot hinder the progress of a race simply to indulge a single member. I
have thought the matter out beforehand, I can assure you. Therefore, if I find your
resignation on my desk by to-morrow morning, Mr. Kabnis, I shall not feel obliged to
call in the sheriff. Otherwise...”
Kabnis: A fellow can take a drink in his own room if he wants to, in the privacy of his
own room.
Hanby: His room, but not the institution’s room, Mr. Kabnis.
Kabnis: This is my room while I’m in it.
Hanby: Mr. Clayborn (the sheriff) can inform you as to that. 187
Kabnis: Oh, well, what do I care—glad to get out of this mud-hole.

Hanby: I should think so from your looks.
Kabnis: You neednt get sarcastic about it.
Hanby: No, that is true. And I neednt wait for your resignation either, Mr. Kabnis.
Kabnis: Oh, you’ll get that all right. Dont worry.
Hanby: And I should like to have the room thoroughly aired and cleaned and ready for
your successor by to-morrow noon, Professor.
Kabnis (trying to rise): You can have your godam room right away. I dont want it.
Hanby: But I wont have your cursing.
Halsey pushes Kabnis back into his chair.
Halsey: Sit down, Kabnis, till I wash y.
Hanby (to Halsey): I would rather not have drinking men on the premises, Mr. Halsey.
You will oblige me—
Halsey: I’ll oblige you by stayin right on this spot, this spot, get me? till I get damned
ready t leave.
He approaches Hanby. Hanby retreats, but manages to hold his dignity. 188
Halsey: Let me get you told right now, Mr. Samuel Hanby. Now listen t me. I aint no
slick an span slave youve hired, an dont y think it for a minute. Youve bullied enough
about this town. An besides, wheres that bill youve been owin me? Listen t me. If I dont
get it paid in by tmorrer noon, Mr. Hanby (he mockingly assumes Hanby’s tone and
manner), I shall feel obliged t call th sheriff. An that sheriff’ll be myself who’ll catch y in
th road an pull y out your buggy an rightly attend t y. You heard me. Now leave him
alone. I’m takin him home with me. I got it fixed. Before you came in. He’s goin t work
with me. Shapin shafts and buildin wagons’ll make a man of him what nobody, y get me?
what nobody can take advantage of. Thats all...
Halsey burrs off into vague and incoherent comment.
Pause. Disagreeable.
Layman’s eyes are glazed on the spurting fire.
Kabnis wants to rise and put both Halsey and Hanby in their places. He vaguely knows
that he must do this, else the power of direction will completely slip from him to those 189
outside. The conviction is just strong enough to torture him. To bring a feverish, quick-
passing flare into his eyes. To mutter words soggy in hot saliva. To jerk his arms upward
in futile protest. Halsey, noticing his gestures, thinks it is water that he desires. He brings
a glass to him. Kabnis slings it to the floor. Heat of the conviction dies. His arms
crumple. His upper lip, his mustache, quiver. Rap! rap, on the door. The sounds slap
Kabnis. They bring a hectic color to his cheeks. Like huge cold finger tips they touch his
skin and goose-flesh it. Hanby strikes a commanding pose. He moves toward Layman.
Layman’s face is innocently immobile.
Halsey: Whos there?
Voice: Lewis.
Halsey: Come in, Lewis. Come on in.
Lewis enters. He is the queer fellow who has been referred to. A tall wiry copper-
colored man, thirty perhaps. His mouth and eyes suggest purpose guided by an adequate
intelligence. He is what a stronger Kabnis might have been, and in an odd faint way
resembles him. As he steps towards the others, he seems to be issuing sharply from a 190
vivid dream. Lewis shakes hands with Halsey. Nods perfunctorily to Hanby, who has
stiffened to meet him. Smiles rapidly at Layman, and settles with real interest on Kabnis.
Lewis: Kabnis passed me on the road. Had a piece of business of my own, and couldnt
get here any sooner. Thought I might be able to help in some way or other.
Halsey: A good baths bout all he needs now. An somethin t put his mind t rest.
Lewis: I think I can give him that. That note was meant for me. Some Negroes have
grown uncomfortable at my being here—
Kabnis: You mean, Mr. Lewis, some colored folks threw it? Christ Amighty!
Halsey: Thats what he means. An just as I told y. White folks more direct than that.
Kabnis: What are they after you for?
Lewis: Its a long story, Kabnis. Too long for now. And it might involve present
company. (He laughs pleasantly and gestures vaguely in the direction of Hanby.) Tell you
about it later on perhaps.
Kabnis: Youre not going? 191
Lewis: Not till my month’s up.

Halsey: Hows that?

Lewis: I’m on a sort of contract with myself. (Is about to leave.) Well, glad its nothing
serious—
Halsey: Come round t th shop sometime why dont y, Lewis? I’ve asked y enough. I’d
like t have a talk with y. I aint as dumb as I look. Kabnis an me’ll be in most any time.
Not much work these days. Wish t hell there was. This burg gets to me when there aint.
(In answer to Lewis’ question.) He’s goin t work with me. Ya. Night air this side th
branch aint good fer him. (Looks at Hanby. Laughs.)
Lewis: I see...
His eyes turn to Kabnis. In the instant of their shifting, a vision of the life they are to
meet. Kabnis, a promise of a soil-soaked beauty; uprooted, thinning out. Suspended a
few feet above the soil whose touch would resurrect him. Arm’s length removed from
him whose will to help... There is a swift intuitive interchange of consciousness. Kabnis
has a sudden need to rush into the arms of this man. His eyes call, “Brother.” And then a 192
savage, cynical twist-about within him mocks his impulse and strengthens him to repulse
Lewis. His lips curl cruelly. His eyes laugh. They are glittering needles, stitching. With a
throbbing ache they draw Lewis to. Lewis brusquely wheels on Hanby.
Lewis: I’d like to see you, sir, a moment, if you dont mind.
Hanby’s tight collar and vest effectively preserve him.
Hanby: Yes, erer, Mr. Lewis. Right away.
Lewis: See you later, Halsey.
Halsey: So long—thanks—sho hope so, Lewis.
As he opens the door and Hanby passes out, a woman, miles down the valley, begins
to sing. Her song is a spark that travels swiftly to the near-by cabins. Like purple tallow
flames, songs jet up. They spread a ruddy haze over the heavens. The haze swings low.
Now the whole countryside is a soft chorus. Lord. O Lord... Lewis closes the door behind
him. A flame jets out...
The kettle is boiling. Halsey notices it. He pulls the wash-tub from beneath the bed. He 193
arranges for the bath before the fire.

Halsey: Told y them theatrics didnt fit a white man. Th niggers, just like I told y. An
after him. Aint surprisin though. He aint bowed t none of them. Nassur. T nairy a one of
them nairy an inch nairy a time. An only mixed when he was good an ready—
Kabnis: That song, Halsey, do you hear it?
Halsey: Thats a man. Hear me, Kabnis? A man—
Kabnis: Jesus, do you hear it.
Halsey: Hear it? Hear what? Course I hear it. Listen t what I’m tellin y. A man, get
me? They’ll get him yet if he dont watch out.
Kabnis is jolted into his fear.
Kabnis: Get him? What do you mean? How? Not lynch him?
Halsey: Na. Take a shotgun an shoot his eyes clear out. Well, anyway, it wasnt fer you,
just like I told y. You’ll stay over at th house an work with me, eh, boy? Good t get away
from his nobs, eh? Damn big stiff though, him. An youre not th first an I can tell y.
(Laughs.)
He bustles and fusses about Kabnis as if he were a child. Kabnis submits, wearily. He 194
has no will to resist him.

Layman (his voice is like a deep hollow echo): Thats right. Thats true, sho.
Everybody’s been expectin that th bust up was comin. Surprised um all y held on as long
as y did. Teachin in th South aint th thing fer y. Nassur. You ought t be way back up
North where sometimes I wish I was. But I’ve hung on down this away so long—
Halsey: An there’ll never be no leavin time fer y.
A month has passed.

Halsey’s workshop. It is an old building just off the main street of Sempter. The walls
to within a few feet of the ground are of an age-worn cement mixture. On the outside
they are considerably crumbled and peppered with what looks like musket-shot. Inside,
the plaster has fallen away in great chunks, leaving the laths, grayed and cobwebbed,
exposed. A sort of loft above the shop proper serves as a break-water for the rain and 195
sunshine which otherwise would have free entry to the main floor. The shop is filled with
old wheels and parts of wheels, broken shafts, and wooden litter. A double door, midway
the street wall. To the left of this, a work-bench that holds a vise and a variety of wood-
work tools. A window with as many panes broken as whole, throws light on the bench.
Opposite, in the rear wall, a second window looks out upon the back yard. In the left
wall, a rickety smoke-blackened chimney, and hearth with fire blazing. Smooth-worn
chairs grouped about the hearth suggest the village meeting-place. Several large wooden
blocks, chipped and cut and sawed on their upper surfaces are in the middle of the floor.
They are the supports used in almost any sort of wagon-work. Their idleness means that
Halsey has no worth-while job on foot. To the right of the central door is a junk heap, and
directly behind this, stairs that lead down into the cellar. The cellar is known as “The
Hole.” Besides being the home of a very old man, it is used by Halsey on those occasions
when he spices up the life of the small town.
Halsey, wonderfully himself in his work overalls, stands in the doorway and gazes up 196
the street, expectantly. Then his eyes grow listless. He slouches against the smooth-
rubbed frame. He lights a cigarette. Shifts his position. Braces an arm against the door.
Kabnis passes the window and stoops to get in under Halsey’s arm. He is awkward and
ludicrous, like a schoolboy in his big brother’s new overalls. He skirts the large blocks on
the floor, and drops into a chair before the fire. Halsey saunters towards him.
Kabnis: Time f lunch.
Halsey: Ya.
He stands by the hearth, rocking backward and forward. He stretches his hands out to
the fire. He washes them in the warm glow of the flames. They never get cold, but he
warms them.
Kabnis: Saw Lewis up th street. Said he’d be down.
Halsey’s eyes brighten. He looks at Kabnis. Turns away. Says nothing. Kabnis fidgets.
Twists his thin blue cloth-covered limbs. Pulls closer to the fire till the heat stings his
shins. Pushes back. Pokes the burned logs. Puts on several fresh ones. Fidgets. The town 197
bell strikes twelve.

Kabnis: Fix it up f tnight?
Halsey: Leave it t me.
Kabnis: Get Lewis in?
Halsey: Tryin t.
The air is heavy with the smell of pine and resin. Green logs spurt and sizzle. Sap
trickles from an old pine-knot into the flames. Layman enters. He carries a lunch-pail.
Kabnis, for the moment, thinks that he is a day laborer.
Layman: Evenin, gen’lemun.
Both: Whats say, Layman.
Layman squares a chair to the fire and droops into it. Several town fellows, silent
unfathomable men for the most part, saunter in. Overalls. Thick tan shoes. Felt hats
marvelously shaped and twisted. One asks Halsey for a cigarette. He gets it. The
blacksmith, a tremendous black man, comes in from the forge. Not even a nod from him.
He picks up an axle and goes out. Lewis enters. The town men look curiously at him.
Suspicion and an open liking contest for possession of their faces. They are
uncomfortable. One by one they drift into the street.
Layman: Heard y was leavin, Mr. Lewis. 198
Kabnis: Months up, eh? Hell of a month I’ve got.

Halsey: Sorry y goin, Lewis. Just getting acquainted like.
Lewis: Sorry myself, Halsey, in a way—
Layman: Gettin t like our town, Mr. Lewis?
Lewis: I’m afraid its on a different basis, Professor.
Halsey: An I’ve yet t hear about that basis. Been waitin long enough, God knows.
Seems t me like youd take pity a feller if nothin more.
Kabnis: Somethin that old black cockroach over yonder doesnt like, whatever it is.
Layman: Thats right. Thats right, sho.
Halsey: A feller dropped in here tother day an said he knew what you was about. Said
you had queer opinions. Well, I could have told him you was a queer one, myself. But
not th way he was driftin. Didnt mean anything by it, but just let drop he thought you was
a little wrong up here—crazy, y’know. (Laughs.)
Kabnis: Y mean old Blodson? Hell, he’s bats himself.
Lewis: I remember him. We had a talk. But what he found queer, I think, was not my 199
opinions, but my lack of them. In half an hour he had settled everything: boll weevils,
God, the World War. Weevils and wars are the pests that God sends against the sinful.
People are too weak to correct themselves: the Redeemer is coming back. Get ready, ye
sinners, for the advent of Our Lord. Interesting, eh, Kabnis? but not exactly what we
want.
Halsey: Y could have come t me. I’ve sho been after y enough. Most every time I’ve
seen y.
Kabnis (sarcastically): Hows it y never came t us professors?
Lewis: I did—to one.
Kabnis: Y mean t say y got somethin from that celluloid-collar-eraser-cleaned old
codger over in th mud hole?
Halsey: Rough on th old boy, aint he? (Laughs.)
Lewis: Something, yes. Layman here could have given me quite a deal, but the
incentive to his keeping quiet is so much greater than anything I could have offered him
to open up, that I crossed him off my mind. And you—
Kabnis: What about me? 200
Halsey: Tell him, Lewis, for godsake tell him. I’ve told him. But its somethin else he
wants so bad I’ve heard him downstairs mumblin with th old man.
Lewis: The old man?
Kabnis: What about me? Come on now, you know so much.
Halsey: Tell him, Lewis. Tell it t him.
Lewis: Life has already told him more than he is capable of knowing. It has given him
in excess of what he can receive. I have been offered. Stuff in his stomach curdled, and
he vomited me.
Kabnis’ face twitches. His body writhes.

Kabnis: You know a lot, you do. How about Halsey?
Lewis: Yes... Halsey? Fits here. Belongs here. An artist in your way, arent you,
Halsey?
Halsey: Reckon I am, Lewis. Give me th work and fair pay an I aint askin nothin
better. Went over-seas an saw France; an I come back. Been up North; an I come back.
Went t school; but there aint no books whats got th feel t them of them there tools. 201
Nassur. An I’m atellin y.

A shriveled, bony white man passes the window and enters the shop. He carries a
broken hatchet-handle and the severed head. He speaks with a flat, drawn voice to
Halsey, who comes forward to meet him.
Mr. Ramsay: Can y fix this fer me, Halsey?
Halsey (looking it over): Reckon so, Mr. Ramsay. Here, Kabnis. A little practice fer y.
Halsey directs Kabnis, showing him how to place the handle in the vise, and cut it
down. The knife hangs. Kabnis thinks that it must be dull. He jerks it hard. The tool goes
deep and shaves too much off. Mr. Ramsay smiles brokenly at him.
Mr. Ramsay (to Halsey): Still breakin in the new hand, eh, Halsey? Seems like a likely
enough faller once he gets th hang of it.
He gives a tight laugh at his own good humor. Kabnis burns red. The back of his neck
stings him beneath his collar. He feels stifled. Through Ramsay, the whole white South
weighs down upon him. The pressure is terrific. He sweats under the arms. Chill beads
run down his body. His brows concentrate upon the handle as though his own life was 202
staked upon the perfect shaving of it. He begins to out and out botch the job. Halsey
smiles.
Halsey: He’ll make a good un some of these days, Mr. Ramsay.
Mr. Ramsay: Y ought t know. Yer daddy was a good un before y. Runs in th family,
seems like t me.
Halsey: Thats right, Mr. Ramsay.
Kabnis is hopeless. Halsey takes the handle from him. With a few deft strokes he
shaves it. Fits it. Gives it to Ramsay.
Mr. Ramsay: How much on this?
Halsey: No charge, Mr. Ramsay.
Mr. Ramsay (going out): All right, Halsey. Come down an take it out in trade. Shoe-
strings or something.
Halsey: Yassur, Mr. Ramsay.
Halsey rejoins Lewis and Layman. Kabnis, hangdog-fashion, follows him.
Halsey: They like y if y work fer them.
Layman: Thats right, Mr. Halsey. Thats right, sho.
The group is about to resume its talk when Hanby enters. He is all energy, bustle, and 203
business. He goes direct to Kabnis.

Hanby: An axle is out in the buggy which I would like to have shaped into a crow-bar.
You will see that it is fixed for me.
Without waiting for an answer, and knowing that Kabnis will follow, he passes out.
Kabnis, scowling, silent, trudges after him.
Hanby (from the outside): Have that ready for me by three o’clock, young man. I shall
call for it.
Kabnis (under his breath as he comes in): Th hell you say, you old black swamp-gut.
He slings the axle on the floor.

Halsey: Wheeee!
Layman, lunch finished long ago, rises, heavily. He shakes hands with Lewis.
Layman: Might not see y again befo y leave, Mr. Lewis. I enjoys t hear y talk. Y might
have been a preacher. Maybe a bishop some day. Sho do hope t see y back this away
again sometime, Mr. Lewis.
Lewis: Thanks, Professor. Hope I’ll see you.
Layman waves a long arm loosely to the others, and leaves. Kabnis goes to the door. 204
His eyes, sullen, gaze up the street.

Kabnis: Carrie K.’s comin with th lunch. Bout time.
She passes the window. Her red girl’s-cap, catching the sun, flashes vividly. With a
stiff, awkward little movement she crosses the door-sill and gives Kabnis one of the two
baskets which she is carrying. There is a slight stoop to her shoulders. The curves of her
body blend with this to a soft rounded charm. Her gestures are stiffly variant. Black
bangs curl over the forehead of her oval-olive face. Her expression is dazed, but on
provocation it can melt into a wistful smile. Adolescent. She is easily the sister of Fred
Halsey.
Carrie K.: Mother says excuse her, brother Fred an Ralph, fer bein late.
Kabnis: Everythings all right an O.K., Carrie Kate. O.K. an all right.
The two men settle on their lunch. Carrie, with hardly a glance in the direction of the
hearth, as is her habit, is about to take the second basket down to the old man, when
Lewis rises. In doing so he draws her unwitting attention. Their meeting is a swift sun- 205
burst. Lewis impulsively moves towards her. His mind flashes images of her life in the
southern town. He sees the nascent woman, her flesh already stiffening to cartilage,
drying to bone. Her spirit-bloom, even now touched sullen, bitter. Her rich beauty
fading... He wants to— He stretches forth his hands to hers. He takes them. They feel
like warm cheeks against his palms. The sun-burst from her eyes floods up and haloes
him. Christ-eyes, his eyes look to her. Fearlessly she loves into them. And then
something happens. Her face blanches. Awkwardly she draws away. The sin-bogies of
respectable southern colored folks clamor at her: “Look out! Be a good girl. A good girl.
Look out!” She gropes for her basket that has fallen to the floor. Finds it, and marches
with a rigid gravity to her task of feeding the old man. Like the glowing white ash of
burned paper, Lewis’ eyelids, wavering, settle down. He stirs in the direction of the rear
window. From the back yard, mules tethered to odd trees and posts blink dumbly at him.
They too seem burdened with an impotent pain. Kabnis and Halsey are still busy with 206
their lunch. They havent noticed him. After a while he turns to them.
Lewis: Your sister, Halsey, whats to become of her? What are you going to do for her?
Halsey: Who? What? What am I goin t do?..
Lewis: What I mean is, what does she do down there?
Halsey: Oh. Feeds th old man. Had lunch, Lewis?
Lewis: Thanks, yes. You have never felt her, have you, Halsey? Well, no, I guess not. I
dont suppose you can. Nor can she... Old man? Halsey, some one lives down there? I’ve
never heard of him. Tell me—
Kabnis takes time from his meal to answer with some emphasis:
Kabnis: Theres lots of things you aint heard of.
Lewis: Dare say. I’d like to see him.
Kabnis: You’ll get all th chance you want tnight.
Halsey: Fixin a little somethin up fer tnight, Lewis. Th three of us an some girls. Come
round bout ten-thirty.
Lewis: Glad to. But what under the sun does he do down there? 207
Halsey: Ask Kabnis. He blows off t him every chance he gets.

Kabnis gives a grunting laugh. His mouth twists. Carrie returns from the cellar.
Avoiding Lewis, she speaks to her brother.
Carrie K.: Brother Fred, father hasnt eaten now goin on th second week, but mumbles
an talks funny, or tries t talk when I put his hands ont th food. He frightens me, an I
dunno what t do. An oh, I came near fergettin, brother, but Mr. Marmon—he was eatin
lunch when I saw him—told me t tell y that th lumber wagon busted down an he wanted
y t fix it fer him. Said he reckoned he could get it t y after he ate.
Halsey chucks a half-eaten sandwich in the fire. Gets up. Arranges his blocks. Goes to
the door and looks anxiously up the street. The wind whirls a small spiral in the gray dust
road.
Halsey: Why didnt y tell me sooner, little sister?
Carrie K.: I fergot t, an just remembered it now, brother.
Her soft rolled words are fresh pain to Lewis. He wants to take her North with him. 208
What for? He wonders what Kabnis could do for her. What she could do for him. Mother
him. Carrie gathers the lunch things, silently, and in her pinched manner, curtsies, and
departs. Kabnis lights his after-lunch cigarette. Lewis, who has sensed a change,
becomes aware that he is not included in it. He starts to ask again about the old man.
Decides not to. Rises to go.
Lewis: Think I’ll run along, Halsey.
Halsey: Sure. Glad t see y any time.
Kabnis: Dont forget tnight.
Lewis: Dont worry. I wont. So long.
Kabnis: So long. We’ll be expectin y.
Lewis passes Halsey at the door. Halsey’s cheeks form a vacant smile. His eyes are
wide awake, watching for the wagon to turn from Broad Street into his road.
Halsey: So long.
His words reach Lewis halfway to the corner.
Night, soft belly of a pregnant Negress, throbs evenly against the torso of the South.
Night throbs a womb-song to the South. Cane- and cotton-fields, pine forests, cypress 209
swamps, sawmills, and factories are fecund at her touch. Night’s womb-song sets them
singing. Night winds are the breathing of the unborn child whose calm throbbing in the
belly of a Negress sets them somnolently singing. Hear their song.
White-man’s land.
Niggers, sing.
In Camp Ground.
Sempter’s streets are vacant and still. White paint on the wealthier houses has the chill
blue glitter of distant stars. Negro cabins are a purple blur. Broad Street is deserted.
Winds stir beneath the corrugated iron canopies and dangle odd bits of rope tied to horse-
and mule-gnawed hitching-posts. One store window has a light in it. Chesterfield
cigarette and Chero-Cola cardboard advertisements are stacked in it. From a side door
two men come out. Pause, for a last word and then say good night. Soon they melt in
shadows thicker than they. Way off down the street four figures sway beneath iron 210
awnings which form a sort of corridor that imperfectly echoes and jumbles what they say.
A fifth form joins them. They turn into the road that leads to Halsey’s workshop. The old
building is phosphorescent above deep shade. The figures pass through the double door.
Night winds whisper in the eaves. Sing weirdly in the ceiling cracks. Stir curls of
shavings on the floor. Halsey lights a candle. A good-sized lumber wagon, wheels off,
rests upon the blocks. Kabnis makes a face at it. An unearthly hush is upon the place. No
one seems to want to talk. To move, lest the scraping of their feet..
Halsey: Come on down this way, folks.
He leads the way. Stella follows. And close after her, Cora, Lewis, and Kabnis. They
descend into the Hole. It seems huge, limitless in the candle light. The walls are of stone,
wonderfully fitted. They have no openings save a small iron-barred window toward the
top of each. They are dry and warm. The ground slopes away to the rear of the building
and thus leaves the south wall exposed to the sun. The blacksmith’s shop is plumb
against the right wall. The floor is clay. Shavings have at odd times been matted into it. 211
In the right-hand corner, under the stairs, two good-sized pine mattresses, resting on
cardboard, are on either side of a wooden table. On this are several half-burned candles
and an oil lamp. Behind the table, an irregular piece of mirror hangs on the wall. A loose
something that looks to be a gaudy ball costume dangles from a near-by hook. To the
front, a second table holds a lamp and several whiskey glasses. Six rickety chairs are near
this table. Two old wagon wheels rest on the floor. To the left, sitting in a high-backed
chair which stands upon a low platform, the old man. He is like a bust in black walnut.
Gray-bearded. Gray-haired. Prophetic. Immobile. Lewis’ eyes are sunk in him. The
others, unconcerned, are about to pass on to the front table when Lewis grips Halsey and
so turns him that the candle flame shines obliquely on the old man’s features.
Lewis: And he rules over—
Kabnis: Th smoke an fire of th forge.
Lewis: Black Vulcan? I wouldnt say so. That forehead. Great woolly beard. Those
eyes. A mute John the Baptist of a new religion—or a tongue-tied shadow of an old.
Kabnis: His tongue is tied all right, an I can vouch f that. 212
Lewis: Has he never talked to you?

Halsey: Kabnis wont give him a chance.
He laughs. The girls laugh. Kabnis winces.
Lewis: What do you call him?
Halsey: Father.
Lewis: Good. Father what?
Kabnis: Father of hell.
Halsey: Father’s th only name we have fer him. Come on. Lets sit down an get t th
pleasure of the evenin.
Lewis: Father John it is from now on...
Slave boy whom some Christian mistress taught to read the Bible. Black man who saw
Jesus in the ricefields, and began preaching to his people. Moses- and Christ-words used
for songs. Dead blind father of a muted folk who feel their way upward to a life that
crushes or absorbs them. (Speak, Father!) Suppose your eyes could see, old man. (The
years hold hands. O Sing!) Suppose your lips...
Halsey, does he never talk?
Halsey: Na. But sometimes. Only seldom. Mumbles. Sis says he talks—
Kabnis: I’ve heard him talk. 213
Halsey: First I’ve ever heard of it. You dont give him a chance. Sis says she’s made out
several words, mostly one—an like as not cause it was “sin.”
Kabnis: All those old fogies stutter about sin.
Cora laughs in a loose sort of way. She is a tall, thin, mulatto woman. Her eyes are
deep-set behind a pointed nose. Her hair is coarse and bushy. Seeing that Stella also is
restless, she takes her arm and the two women move towards the table. They slip into
chairs. Halsey follows and lights the lamp. He lays out a pack of cards. Stella sorts them
as if telling fortunes. She is a beautifully proportioned, large-eyed, brown-skin girl.
Except for the twisted line of her mouth when she smiles or laughs, there is about her no
suggestion of the life she’s been through. Kabnis, with great mock-solemnity, goes to the
corner, takes down the robe, and dons it. He is a curious spectacle, acting a part, yet very
real. He joins the others at the table. They are used to him. Lewis is surprised. He laughs.
Kabnis shrinks and then glares at him with a furtive hatred. Halsey, bringing out a bottle 214
of corn licker, pours drinks.

Halsey: Come on, Lewis. Come on, you fellers. Heres lookin at y.
Then, as if suddenly recalling something, he jerks away from the table and starts
towards the steps.
Kabnis: Where y goin, Halsey?
Halsey: Where? Where y think? That oak beam in th wagon—
Kabnis: Come ere. Come ere. Sit down. What in hell’s wrong with you fellers? You
with your wagon. Lewis with his Father John. This aint th time fer foolin with wagons.
Daytime’s bad enough f that. Ere, sit down. Ere, Lewis, you too sit down. Have a drink.
Thats right. Drink corn licker, love th girls, an listen t th old man mumblin sin.
There seems to be no good-time spirit to the party. Something in the air is too tense
and deep for that. Lewis, seated now so that his eyes rest upon the old man, merges with
his source and lets the pain and beauty of the South meet him there. White faces, pain-
pollen, settle downward through a cane-sweet mist and touch the ovaries of yellow 215
flowers. Cotton-bolls bloom, droop. Black roots twist in a parched red soil beneath a
blazing sky. Magnolias, fragrant, a trifle futile, lovely, far off... His eyelids close. A force
begins to heave and rise... Stella is serious, reminiscent.
Stella: Usall is brought up t hate sin worse than death—
Kabnis: An then before you have y eyes half open, youre made t love it if y want t live.
Stella: Us never—
Kabnis: Oh, I know your story: that old prim bastard over yonder, an then old
Calvert’s office—
Stella: It wasnt them—
Kabnis: I know. They put y out of church, an then I guess th preacher came around an
asked f some. But thats your body. Now me—
Halsey (passing him the bottle): All right, kid, we believe y. Here, take another.
Wheres Clover, Stel?
Stella: You know how Jim is when he’s just out th swamp. Done up in shine an
wouldnt let her come. Said he’d bust her head open if she went out.
Kabnis: Dont see why he doesnt stay over with Laura, where he belongs. 216
Stella: Ask him, an I reckon he’ll tell y. More than you want.
Halsey: Th nigger hates th sight of a black woman worse than death. Sorry t mix y up
this way, Lewis. But y see how tis.
Lewis’ skin is tight and glowing over the fine bones of his face. His lips tremble. His
nostrils quiver. The others notice this and smile knowingly at each other. Drinks and
smokes are passed around. They pay no neverminds to him. A real party is being worked
up. Then Lewis opens his eyes and looks at them. Their smiles disperse in hot-cold
tremors. Kabnis chokes his laugh. It sputters, gurgles. His eyes flicker and turn away. He
tries to pass the thing off by taking a long drink which he makes considerable fuss over.
He is drawn back to Lewis. Seeing Lewis’ gaze still upon him, he scowls.
Kabnis: Whatsha lookin at me for? Y want t know who I am? Well, I’m Ralph Kabnis
—lot of good its goin t do y. Well? Whatsha keep lookin for? I’m Ralph Kabnis. Aint that 217
enough f y? Want th whole family history? Its none of your godam business, anyway.
Keep off me. Do y hear? Keep off me. Look at Cora. Aint she pretty enough t look at?
Look at Halsey, or Stella. Clover ought t be here an you could look at her. An love her.
Thats what you need. I know—
Lewis: Ralph Kabnis gets satisfied that way?
Kabnis: Satisfied? Say, quit your kiddin. Here, look at that old man there. See him?
He’s satisfied. Do I look like him? When I’m dead I dont expect t be satisfied. Is that
enough f y, with your godam nosin, or do you want more? Well, y wont get it,
understand?
Lewis: The old man as symbol, flesh, and spirit of the past, what do think he would
say if he could see you? You look at him, Kabnis.
Kabnis: Just like any done-up preacher is what he looks t me. Jam some false teeth in
his mouth and crank him, an youd have God Almighty spit in torrents all around th floor.
Oh, hell, an he reminds me of that black cockroach over yonder. An besides, he aint my
past. My ancestors were Southern blue-bloods—
Lewis: And black. 218
Kabnis: Aint much difference between blue an black.

Lewis: Enough to draw a denial from you. Cant hold them, can you? Master; slave.
Soil; and the overarching heavens. Dusk; dawn. They fight and bastardize you. The sun
tint of your cheeks, flame of the great season’s multi-colored leaves, tarnished, burned.
Split, shredded: easily burned. No use...
His gaze shifts to Stella. Stella’s face draws back, her breasts come towards him.
Stella: I aint got nothin f y, mister. Taint no use t look at me.
Halsey: Youre a queer feller, Lewis, I swear y are. Told y so, didnt I, girls? Just take
him easy though, an he’ll be ridin just th same as any Georgia mule, eh, Lewis?
(Laughs.)
Stella: I’m goin t tell y somethin, mister. It aint t you, t th Mister Lewis what noses
about. Its t somethin different, I dunno what. That old man there—maybe its him—is like
m father used t look. He used t sing. An when he could sing no mo, they’d allus come f
him an carry him t church an there he’d sit, befo th pulpit, aswayin an aleadin every 219
song. A white man took m mother an it broke th old man’s heart. He died; an then I didnt
care what become of me, an I dont now. I dont care now. Dont get it in y head I’m some
sentimental Susie askin for yo sop. Nassur. But theres somethin t yo th others aint got.
Boars an kids an fools—thats all I’ve known. Boars when their fever’s up. When their
fever’s up they come t me. Halsey asks me over when he’s off th job. Kabnis—it ud be a
sin t play with him. He takes it out in talk.
Halsey knows that he has trifled with her. At odd things he has been inwardly penitent
before her tasking him. But now he wants to hurt her. He turns to Lewis.
Halsey: Lewis, I got a little licker in me, an thats true. True’s what I said. True. But th
stuff just seems t wake me up an make my mind a man of me. Listen. You know a lot,
queer as hell as y are, an I want t ask y some questions. Theyre too high fer them, Stella
an Cora an Kabnis, so we’ll just excuse em. A chat between ourselves. (Turns to the
others.) Youall cant listen in on this. Twont interest y. So just leave th table t this 220
gen’lemun an myself. Go long now.
Kabnis gets up, pompous in his robe, grotesquely so, and makes as if to go through a
grand march with Stella. She shoves him off, roughly, and in a mood swings her body to
the steps. Kabnis grabs Cora and parades around, passing the old man, to whom he bows
in mock-curtsy. He sweeps by the table, snatches the licker bottle, and then he and Cora
sprawl on the mattresses. She meets his weak approaches after the manner she thinks
Stella would use.
Halsey contemptuously watches them until he is sure that they are settled.
Halsey: This aint th sort o thing f me, Lewis, when I got work upstairs. Nassur. You an
me has got things t do. Wastin time on common low-down women—say, Lewis, look at
her now—Stella—aint she a picture? Common wench—na she aint, Lewis. You know
she aint. I’m only tryin t fool y. I used t love that girl. Yassur. An sometimes when th
moon is thick an I hear dogs up th valley barkin an some old woman fetches out her
song, an th winds seem like th Lord made them fer t fetch an carry th smell o pine an 221
cane, an there aint no big job on foot, I sometimes get t thinkin that I still do. But I want t
talk t y, Lewis, queer as y are. Y know, Lewis, I went t school once. Ya. In Augusta. But
it wasnt a regular school. Na. It was a pussy Sunday-school masqueradin under a regular
name. Some goody-goody teachers from th North had come down t teach th niggers. If
you was nearly white, they liked y. If you was black, they didnt. But it wasnt that—I was
all right, y see. I couldnt stand em messin an pawin over m business like I was a child. So
I cussed em out an left. Kabnis there ought t have cussed out th old duck over yonder an
left. He’d a been a better man tday. But as I was sayin, I couldnt stand their ways. So I
left an came here an worked with my father. An been here ever since. He died. I set in f
myself. An its always been; give me a good job an sure pay an I aint far from being
satisfied, so far as satisfaction goes. Prejudice is everywheres about this country. An a
nigger aint in much standin anywheres. But when it comes t pottin round an doin
nothing, with nothin bigger’n an ax-handle t hold a feller down, like it was a while back 222
befo I got this job—that beam ought t be—but tmorrow mornin early’s time enough f
that. As I was sayin, I gets t thinkin. Play dumb naturally t white folks. I gets t thinkin. I
used to subscribe t th Literary Digest an that helped along a bit. But there werent nothing
I could sink m teeth int. Theres lots I want t ask y, Lewis. Been askin y t come around.
Couldnt get y. Cant get in much tnight. (He glances at the others. His mind fastens on
Kabnis.) Say, tell me this, whats on your mind t say on that feller there? Kabnis’ name.
One queer bird ought t know another, seems like t me.
Licker has released conflicts in Kabnis and set them flowing. He pricks his ears,
intuitively feels that the talk is about him, leaves Cora, and approaches the table. His
eyes are watery, heavy with passion. He stoops. He is a ridiculous pathetic figure in his
showy robe.
Kabnis: Talkin bout me. I know. I’m th topic of conversation everywhere theres talk
about this town. Girls an fellers. White folks as well. An if its me youre talkin bout, guess
I got a right t listen in. Whats sayin? Whats sayin bout his royal guts, the Duke? Whats
sayin, eh?
Halsey (to Lewis): We’ll take it up another time. 223
Kabnis: No nother time bout it. Now. I’m here now an talkin’s just begun. I was born
an bred in a family of orators, thats what I was.
Halsey: Preachers.
Kabnis: Na. Preachers hell. I didnt say wind-busters. Y misapprehended me. Y
understand what that means, dont y? All right then, y misapprehended me. I didnt say
preachers. I said orators. O R AT O R S . Born one an I’ll die one. You understand me,
Lewis. (He turns to Halsey and begins shaking his finger in his face.) An as f you, youre
all right f choppin things from blocks of wood. I was good at that th day I ducked th
cradle. An since then, I’ve been shapin words after a design that branded here. Know
whats here? M soul. Ever heard o that? Th hell y have. Been shapin words t fit m soul.
Never told y that before, did I? Thought I couldnt talk. I’ll tell y. I’ve been shapin words;
ah, but sometimes theyre beautiful an golden an have a taste that makes them fine t roll
over with y tongue. Your tongue aint fit f nothin but t roll an lick hog-meat.
Stella and Cora come up to the table. 224
Halsey: Give him a shove there, will y, Stel?

Stella jams Kabnis in a chair. Kabnis springs up.
Kabnis: Cant keep a good man down. Those words I was tellin y about, they wont fit
int th mold thats branded on m soul. Rhyme, y see? Poet, too. Bad rhyme. Bad poet.
Somethin else youve learned tnight. Lewis dont know it all, an I’m atellin y. Ugh. Th
form thats burned int my soul is some twisted awful thing that crept in from a dream, a
godam nightmare, an wont stay still unless I feed it. An it lives on words. Not beautiful
words. God Almighty no. Misshapen, split-gut, tortured, twisted words. Layman was
feedin it back there that day you thought I ran out fearin things. White folks feed it cause
their looks are words. Niggers, black niggers feed it cause theyre evil an their looks are
words. Yallar niggers feed it. This whole damn bloated purple country feeds it cause its
goin down t hell in a holy avalanche of words. I want t feed th soul—I know what that is;
th preachers dont—but I’ve got t feed it. I wish t God some lynchin white man ud stick 225
his knife through it an pin it to a tree. An pin it to a tree. You hear me? Thats a wish f y,
you little snot-nosed pups who’ve been makin fun of me, an fakin that I’m weak. Me,
Ralph Kabnis weak. Ha.
Halsey: Thats right, old man. There, there. Here, so much exertion merits a fittin
reward. Help him t be seated, Cora.
Halsey gives him a swig of shine. Cora glides up, seats him, and then plumps herself
down on his lap, squeezing his head into her breasts. Kabnis mutters. Tries to break
loose. Curses. Cora almost stifles him. He goes limp and gives up. Cora toys with him.
Ruffles his hair. Braids it. Parts it in the middle. Stella smiles contemptuously. And then a
sudden anger sweeps her. She would like to lash Cora from the place. She’d like to take
Kabnis to some distant pine grove and nurse and mother him. Her eyes flash. A quick
tensioning throws her breasts and neck into a poised strain. She starts towards them.
Halsey grabs her arm and pulls her to him. She struggles. Halsey pins her arms and
kisses her. She settles, spurting like a pine-knot afire.
Lewis finds himself completely cut out. The glowing within him subsides. It is 226
followed by a dead chill. Kabnis, Carrie, Stella, Halsey, Cora, the old man, the cellar, and
the work-shop, the southern town descend upon him. Their pain is too intense. He cannot
stand it. He bolts from the table. Leaps up the stairs. Plunges through the work-shop and
out into the night.
6
The cellar swims in a pale phosphorescence. The table, the chairs, the figure of the old
man are amœba-like shadows which move about and float in it. In the corner under the
steps, close to the floor, a solid blackness. A sound comes from it. A forcible yawn. Part
of the blackness detaches itself so that it may be seen against the grayness of the wall. It
moves forward and then seems to be clothing itself in odd dangling bits of shadow. The
voice of Halsey, vibrant and deepened, calls.
Halsey: Kabnis. Cora. Stella.
He gets no response. He wants to get them up, to get on the job. He is intolerant of 227
their sleepiness.
Halsey: Kabnis! Stella! Cora!
Gutturals, jerky and impeded, tell that he is shaking them.
Halsey: Come now, up with you.
Kabnis (sleepily and still more or less intoxicated): Whats th big idea? What in hell—
Halsey: Work. But never you mind about that. Up with you.
Cora: Oooooo! Look here, mister, I aint used t bein thrown int th street befo day.
Stella: Any bunk whats worked is worth in wages moren this. But come on. Taint no
use t arger.
Kabnis: I’ll arger. Its preposterous—
The girls interrupt him with none too pleasant laughs.
Kabnis: Thats what I said. Know what it means, dont y? All right, then. I said its
preposterous t root an artist out o bed at this ungodly hour, when there aint no use t it.
You can start your damned old work. Nobody’s stoppin y. But what we got t get up for?
Fraid somebody’ll see th girls leavin? Some sport, you are. I hand it t y. 228
Halsey: Up you get, all th same.

Kabnis: Oh, th hell you say.
Halsey: Well, son, seeing that I’m th kind-hearted father, I’ll give y chance t open your
eyes. But up y get when I come down.
He mounts the steps to the work-shop and starts a fire in the hearth. In the yard he
finds some chunks of coal which he brings in and throws on the fire. He puts a kettle on
to boil. The wagon draws him. He lifts an oak-beam, fingers it, and becomes abstracted.
Then comes to himself and places the beam upon the work-bench. He looks over some
newly cut wooden spokes. He goes to the fire and pokes it. The coals are red-hot. With a
pair of long prongs he picks them up and places them in a thick iron bucket. This he
carries downstairs. Outside, darkness has given way to the impalpable grayness of dawn.
This early morning light, seeping through the four barred cellar windows, is the color of
the stony walls. It seems to be an emanation from them. Halsey’s coals throw out a rich 229
warm glow. He sets them on the floor, a safe distance from the beds.
Halsey: No foolin now. Come. Up with you.
Other than a soft rustling, there is no sound as the girls slip into their clothes. Kabnis
still lies in bed.
Stella (to Halsey): Reckon y could spare us a light?
Halsey strikes a match, lights a cigarette, and then bends over and touches flame to the
two candles on the table between the beds. Kabnis asks for a cigarette. Halsey hands him
his and takes a fresh one for himself. The girls, before the mirror, are doing up their hair.
It is bushy hair that has gone through some straightening process. Character, however,
has not all been ironed out. As they kneel there, heavy-eyed and dusky, and throwing
grotesque moving shadows on the wall, they are two princesses in Africa going through
the early-morning ablutions of their pagan prayers. Finished, they come forward to
stretch their hands and warm them over the glowing coals. Red dusk of a Georgia sunset, 230
their heavy, coal-lit faces... Kabnis suddenly recalls something.

Kabnis: Th old man talked last night.
Stella: An so did you.
Halsey: In your dreams.
Kabnis: I tell y, he did. I know what I’m talkin about. I’ll tell y what he said. Wait now,
lemme see.
Halsey: Look out, brother, th old man’ll be getting int you by way o dreams. Come,
Stel, ready? Cora? Coffee an eggs f both of you.
Halsey goes upstairs.
Stella: Gettin generous, aint he?
She blows the candles out. Says nothing to Kabnis. Then she and Cora follow after
Halsey. Kabnis, left to himself, tries to rise. He has slept in his robe. His robe trips him.
Finally, he manages to stand up. He starts across the floor. Half-way to the old man, he
falls and lies quite still. Perhaps an hour passes. Light of a new sun is about to filter
through the windows. Kabnis slowly rises to support upon his elbows. He looks hard,
and internally gathers himself together. The side face of Father John is in the direct line
of his eyes. He scowls at him. No one is around. Words gush from Kabnis. 231
Kabnis: You sit there like a black hound spiked to an ivory pedestal. An all night long I
heard you murmurin that devilish word. They thought I didnt hear y, but I did. Mumblin,
feedin that ornery thing thats livin on my insides. Father John. Father of Satan, more
likely. What does it mean t you? Youre dead already. Death. What does it mean t you? To
you who died way back there in th 'sixties. What are y throwin it in my throat for? Whats
it goin t get y? A good smashin in th mouth, thats what. My fist’ll sink int y black mush
face clear t y guts—if y got any. Dont believe y have. Never seen signs of none. Death.
Death. Sin an Death. All night long y mumbled death. (He forgets the old man as his
mind begins to play with the word and its associations.) Death ... these clammy floors ...
just like th place they used t stow away th worn-out, no-count niggers in th days of
slavery ... that was long ago; not so long ago ... no windows (he rises higher on his
elbows to verify this assertion. He looks around, and, seeing no one but the old man, 232
calls.) Halsey! Halsey! Gone an left me. Just like a nigger. I thought he was a nigger all
th time. Now I know it. Ditch y when it comes right down t it. Damn him anyway.
Godam him. (He looks and re-sees the old man.) Eh, you? T hell with you too. What do I
care whether you can see or hear? You know what hell is cause youve been there. Its a
feelin an its ragin in my soul in a way that’ll pop out of me an run you through, an scorch
y, an burn an rip your soul. Your soul. Ha. Nigger soul. A gin soul that gets drunk on a
preacher’s words. An screams. An shouts. God Almighty, how I hate that shoutin.
Where’s th beauty in that? Gives a buzzard a windpipe an I’ll bet a dollar t a dime th
buzzard ud beat y to it. Aint surprisin th white folks hate y so. When you had eyes, did
you ever see th beauty of th world? Tell me that. Th hell y did. Now dont tell me. I know
y didnt. You couldnt have. Oh, I’m drunk an just as good as dead, but no eyes that have
seen beauty ever lose their sight. You aint got no sight. If you had, drunk as I am, I hope
Christ will kill me if I couldnt see it. Your eyes are dull and watery, like fish eyes. Fish 233
eyes are dead eyes. Youre an old man, a dead fish man, an black at that. Theyve put y
here t die, damn fool y are not t know it. Do y know how many feet youre under ground?
I’ll tell y. Twenty. An do y think you’ll ever see th light of day again, even if you wasnt
blind? Do y think youre out of slavery? Huh? Youre where they used t throw th worked-
out, no-count slaves. On a damp clammy floor of a dark scum-hole. An they called that
an infirmary. Th sons-a.... Why I can already see you toppled off that stool an stretched
out on th floor beside me—not beside me, damn you, by yourself, with th flies buzzin an
lickin God knows what they’d find on a dirty, black, foul-breathed mouth like yours...
Some one is coming down the stairs. Carrie, bringing food for the old man. She is
lovely in her fresh energy of the morning, in the calm untested confidence and nascent
maternity which rise from the purpose of her present mission. She walks to within a few
paces of Kabnis.
Carrie K.: Brother says come up now, brother Ralph.
Kabnis: Brother doesnt know what he’s talkin bout. 234
Carrie K.: Yes he does, Ralph. He needs you on th wagon.

Kabnis: He wants me on th wagon, eh? Does he think some wooden thing can lift me
up? Ask him that.
Carrie K.: He told me t help y.
Kabnis: An how would you help me, child, dear sweet little sister?
She moves forward as if to aid him.
Carrie K.: I’m not a child, as I’ve more than once told you, brother Ralph, an as I’ll
show you now.
Kabnis: Wait, Carrie. No, thats right. Youre not a child. But twont do t lift me bodily.
You dont understand. But its th soul of me that needs th risin.
Carrie K: Youre a bad brother an just wont listen t me when I’m tellin y t go t church.
Kabnis doesnt hear her. He breaks down and talks to himself.
Kabnis: Great God Almighty, a soul like mine cant pin itself onto a wagon wheel an
satisfy itself in spinnin round. Iron prongs an hickory sticks, an God knows what all ... all 235
right for Halsey ... use him. Me? I get my life down in this scum-hole. Th old man an me
—
Carrie K.: Has he been talkin?
Kabnis: Huh? Who? Him? No. Dont need to. I talk. An when I really talk, it pays th
best of them t listen. Th old man is a good listener. He’s deaf; but he’s a good listener. An
I can talk t him. Tell him anything.
Carrie K.: He’s deaf an blind, but I reckon he hears, an sees too, from th things I’ve
heard.
Kabnis: No. Cant. Cant I tell you. How’s he do it?
Carrie K.: Dunno, except I’ve heard that th souls of old folks have a way of seein
things.
Kabnis: An I’ve heard them call that superstition.
The old man begins to shake his head slowly. Carrie and Kabnis watch him, anxiously.
He mumbles. With a grave motion his head nods up and down. And then, on one of the
down-swings—
Father John (remarkably clear and with great conviction): Sin.
He repeats this word several times, always the downward nodding. Surprised, 236
indignant, Kabnis forgets that Carrie is with him.

Kabnis: Sin! Shut up. What do you know about sin, you old black bastard. Shut up, an
stop that swayin an noddin your head.
Father John: Sin.
Kabnis tries to get up.
Kabnis: Didnt I tell y t shut up?
Carrie steps forward to help him. Kabnis is violently shocked at her touch. He springs
back.
Kabnis: Carrie! What .. how .. Baby, you shouldnt be down here. Ralph says things.
Doesnt mean to. But Carrie, he doesnt know what he’s talkin about. Couldnt know. It was
only a preacher’s sin they knew in those old days, an that wasnt sin at all. Mind me, th
only sin is whats done against th soul. Th whole world is a conspiracy t sin, especially in
America, an against me. I’m th victim of their sin. I’m what sin is. Does he look like me?
Have you ever heard him say th things youve heard me say? He couldnt if he had th Holy
Ghost t help him. Dont look shocked, little sweetheart, you hurt me. 237
Father John: Sin.

Kabnis: Aw, shut up, old man.
Carrie K.: Leave him be. He wants t say somethin. (She turns to the old man.) What is
it, Father?
Kabnis: Whatsha talkin t that old deaf man for? Come away from him.
Carrie K.: What is it, Father?
The old man’s lips begin to work. Words are formed incoherently. Finally, he manages
to articulate—
Father John: Th sin whats fixed... (Hesitates.)
Carrie K. (restraining a comment from Kabnis): Go on, Father.
Father John: ... upon th white folks—

Kabnis: Suppose youre talkin about that bastard race thats roamin round th country. It
looks like sin, if thats what y mean. Give us somethin new an up t date.
Father John:—f tellin Jesus—lies. O th sin th white folks 'mitted when they made th
Bible lie.
Boom. Boom. BOOM! Thuds on the floor above. The old man sinks back into his 238
stony silence. Carrie is wet-eyed. Kabnis, contemptuous.

Kabnis: So thats your sin. All these years t tell us that th white folks made th Bible lie.
Well, I’ll be damned. Lewis ought t have been here. You old black fakir—
Carrie K.: Brother Ralph, is that your best Amen?
She turns him to her and takes his hot cheeks in her firm cool hands. Her palms draw
the fever out. With its passing, Kabnis crumples. He sinks to his knees before her,
ashamed, exhausted. His eyes squeeze tight. Carrie presses his face tenderly against her.
The suffocation of her fresh starched dress feels good to him. Carrie is about to lift her
hands in prayer, when Halsey, at the head of the stairs, calls down.
Halsey: Well, well. Whats up? Aint you ever comin? Come on. Whats up down there?
Take you all mornin t sleep off a pint? Youre weakenin, man, youre weakenin. Th axle an
th beam’s all ready waitin f y. Come on.
Kabnis rises and is going doggedly towards the steps. Carrie notices his robe. She 239
catches up to him, points to it, and helps him take it off. He hangs it, with an exaggerated
ceremony, on its nail in the corner. He looks down on the tousled beds. His lips curl
bitterly. Turning, he stumbles over the bucket of dead coals. He savagely jerks it from the
floor. And then, seeing Carrie’s eyes upon him, he swings the pail carelessly and with
eyes downcast and swollen, trudges upstairs to the work-shop. Carrie’s gaze follows him
till he is gone. Then she goes to the old man and slips to her knees before him. Her lips
murmur, “Jesus, come.”
Light streaks through the iron-barred cellar window. Within its soft circle, the figures
of Carrie and Father John.
Outside, the sun arises from its cradle in the tree-tops of the forest. Shadows of pines
are dreams the sun shakes from its eyes. The sun arises. Gold-glowing child, it steps into
the sky and sends a birth-song slanting down gray dust streets and sleepy windows of the
southern town.
the end
Transcriber’s Notes:
Blank pages have been removed.
Redundant title page removed.
Silently corrected a few typographical errors.
Otherwise spelling and hyphenation left unchanged.
Ellipses period counts left unchanged.
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Cane - Jean Troomer

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5/12/23, 11:39 AM The Project Gutenberg eBook of Cane, by Jean Toomer

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Cane, by Jean Toomer

Author: Jean Toomer

Contributor: Waldo Frank

Release Date: August 12, 2019 [eBook #60093]

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CANE ***

COPYRIGHT © 1923 BY BONI & LIVERIGHT

Standard Book Number: 87140-535-0

MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

perhaps begin to understand what a warm splendor is at last at dawn.

A feast of moon and men and barking hounds,

Certain of these pieces have appeared in Broom, Crisis, Double Dealer,

Her skin is like dusk on the eastern horizon,

Her skin is like dusk on the eastern horizon,

Black reapers with the sound of steel on stones

NOVEMBER COTTON FLOWER 7

Boll-weevil’s coming, and the winter’s cold,

Come, brother, come. Lets lift it;

Wind is in the cane. Come along.

Wind is in the corn. Come along.

Wind is in the cane. Come along.

SONG OF THE SON 21

Pour O pour that parting soul in song,

The sky, lazily disdaining to pursue

Full moon rising on the waters of my heart,

African Guardian of Souls,

Hair—braided chestnut, coiled like a lyncher’s rope,

Red nigger moon. Sinner!

“Thats right. He’ll scrap, sho.”

“Get off me, you godam nigger you.”

Money burns the pocket, pocket hurts,

SEVENTH STREET is a bastard of Prohibition and the War. A crude-boned, soft-

Money burns the pocket, pocket hurts,

Brother, life is water that is being drawn off.

Brother, Rhobert is sinking.

Within this black hive to-night

Thunder blossoms gorgeously above our heads,

The director wants to get the rehearsal through with.

“Who’s that?” she asks her dancing partner.

and then you shimmy—”

HER LIPS ARE COPPER WIRE 101

whisper of yellow globes

CALLING JESUS 102

BOX SEAT 104

steel. It gimlets Dan while her mouth flaps amiably to him.

orange by the shower of color from the lamp.

“I didnt know. I dont want to keep you.”

things. Living as much as I can without—”

“Dan, you mustnt.”

going to face whats real, by God—”

People come in slowly ... “—for my Sunday-go-to-meeting dress. O glory God! O

Dan turns around.

Me, horizontally above her.

Do not shrink. Do not be afraid of me.

“JESUS WAS ONCE A LEPER!”

My body is opaque to the soul.

HARVEST SONG 132

I am a reaper whose muscles set at sundown. All my oats are cradled.

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