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Science 11 Module 4

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26 views3 pages

Science 11 Module 4

Uploaded by

Kimmy Mercines
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OUR LADY OF GRACE SCHOOL

Manzon, San Carlos City, Pangasinan


S.Y. 2021-2022

“EVERY LEARNER MATTERS, EVERY MOMENT COUNTS”


QUARTER 1: LEARNING MODULE 4
SCIENCE 11

Earth’s Planetary Structure


Focus Point:
 Identify the structure forming the planet Earth;
 Describe each structure’s material;
 Compare the relative size and material properties of Earth’s core, mantle, and crust.

The structure of the earth is divided into four major components: the crust, the mantle, the
outer core, and the inner core. Each layer has a unique chemical composition, physical state, and can
impact life on Earth's surface. Movement in the mantle caused by variations in heat from the core,
cause the plates to shift, which can cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. These natural hazards
then change our landscape, and in some cases, threaten lives and property.

Lithosphere – is composed of both the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves as a
brittle, rigid solid.
Asthenosphere – partially molten upper mantle material that behaves plastically and can flow.

CRUST

- Earth’s outer surface


- a cold, thin, brittle outer shell made of rock
- very thin, relative to the radius of the planet
- like the skin of an apple. It is very thin compared to the other three layers.
- The crust makes up 1% of the Earth.
- broken into many pieces called plates.
- There are two very different types of crust, each with its own distinctive physical and
chemical properties.

1
1. Oceanic crust – composed of magma that erupts on the seafloor to create basalt lava
flows or cools deeper down to create the intrusive igneous rock gabbro. Sediments,
primarily muds and the shells of tiny sea creatures, coat the seafloor.
2. Continental crust – made up of many different types of igneous, metamorphic, and
sedimentary rocks. The average composition is granite, which is much less dense than
the mafic igneous rocks of the oceanic crust.

MANTLE

- it is made of solid rock


- it is hot
- made of rock based on evidence from seismic waves, heat flow, and meteorites
- extremely hot because of the heat flowing outward from it and because of its physical
properties
- The volume of this region is about 84% of the Earth’s total volume

CORE

- At the planet’s center lies a dense metallic core


- Metal
- scientists know that the outer core is liquid and the inner core is solid because S-waves
stop at the inner core. The strong magnetic field is caused by convection in the liquid outer
core.
- The inner core is 1 216 km thick, has a temperature of up to 4 000°C and is made
of solid iron with some nickel.
- The outer core is 2 270 km thick, has a temperature of up to 3 600°C and is made
of liquid iron with some nickel. Between these two layers is the liquid-solid boundary.
The outer core is liquid because there is less pressure pushing on it than on the inner
core. The solid inner core rotates within the liquid outer core. This giant ball of rotating
solid iron and nickel generates the Earth’s magnetic field. The core is also the Earth's
source of internal heat because it contains radioactive materials that release heat as
they break down into more stable substances.

2
NAME: _____________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Earth’s Structure Worksheet

1.

2.

3.

4.

2. _____________ – Divided into two sub regions, upper


and lower, this dense layer made of hot semi rock is
located directly below the ________ and is about 1800
miles thick.

Lithosphere – made up of the crust and tiny bit of the


1. ____________ – hard and rigid, the Earth’s mantle, this layer is divided into several constantly (very
outermost and ____________ layer. Only a few miles slowly) moving plates of ___________ ________ that
(5 km) thick under the oceans and averaging 20 miles hold the continents and oceans
thick under the continents.

Asthenosphere – The plates of the lithosphere move


3. ___________ _________ – The only (_____________) on this hot, malleable semi liquid zone
__________layer of the Earth – a sea of mostly iron in the upper mantle, directly below the lithosphere.
and nickel. It is roughly 1800 – 3200 miles below
the surface and about 1400 miles thick.
Temperatures reach __________° C.

4. __________ ________ – An extremely hot, solid


sphere of mostly ________ and __________ at the
center of the Earth. It is 3200 to 2to 3960 miles below
the surface and about 750 miles in diameter.

5. How are the asthenosphere and the lithosphere different?

6. Explain why scientists believe the Earth's outer core to be molten, or liquid metal?

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