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ALevel 1 Python 14may

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30 views4 pages

ALevel 1 Python 14may

Uploaded by

Mohammad kaif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming and Problem Solving through Python Language

O Level / A Level

Chapter - 7 : File Processing


Concepts of Files
 Many real­world problems handle large volume of data and in such situations external
storage devices like the floppy disk and the hard disks are used.
 Data is stored in these devices using the concept of files.
 A file is a collection of related data stored on a particular area of the disk.

Filenames
 Every disk file has a name, and one must use filenames when dealing with disk files.
 Filenames are stored as strings, just like other text data.
 The rules as to what is acceptable for filenames and what is not, differ from one operating
system to another.

File Opening in Various Modes and Closing of a File

Opening a File
 The process of creating a stream linked to a disk file is called opening the file.
 When one opens a file, it becomes available for
o reading (meaning that data is input from the file to the program),
o writing (meaning that data from the program is saved in the file), or
o both.
 After working with the file, close the file.

Syntax File_Pointer = open( filename , mode)

Example fp=open("test.txt", 'r') open the text file for reading


fp=open("test.txt", 'rt') open the text file for reading

Modes of Opening a File


Character Mode Description
"r" Read Default value. Opens a file for reading, error
if the file does not exist
"a" Append Opens a file for appending, creates the file if
it does not exist
"w" Write Opens a file for writing, creates the file if it
does not exist
"x" Create Creates the specified file, returns an error if
the file exists
"+" Update Open a file for reading and writing . Used
with r+ ,a+
"t" Text Default value. Text mode eg. rt , wt , at, xt
"b" Binary Binary mode (e.g. images) eg. rb , wb, ab, xb
Closing a File
 When we are done the operations on the file, we need to close the file.
 Closing a file will free up the resources attached with the file.
 It is done using the close( ) method available in Python.

Syntax File_Pointer.close( )

Example
fp=open("test.txt", 'w')

fp.close( )

Writing a File
 Writing a string or sequence of bytes (for binary files) is done using the write( ) method.
 To write into a file in Python, it is need to open it in write(w), append(a) or exclusive
creation(x) mode.
 The write(w) mode, overwrite into the file if it already exists.

Syntax File_Pointer.write( string)

Example
fp=open("test.txt", 'w')
fp.write("My File­1\n")
fp.write("Line­2\n")
fp.write("Line­3")
fp.close( )

Reading a File
 To read the content from the file use the read(size) method to read data.
 If the size parameter is not specified, it reads and returns up to the end of the file.
 To read from a file in Python, it is need to open it with read(r) mode.
Syntax File_Pointer.read(size)
Example
fp=open("test.txt", 'r')
#Read the first 4 character
x=fp.read(4)
print(x)

#Read the next 4 character


x=fp.read(4)
print(x)

#Read the remaining character


x=fp.read( )
print(x)
fp.close( )
Output
My F

ile­

1
Line­2
Line­3

Reading a Line from File


 We use the readline( ) method to read individual lines of a file.

Syntax File_Pointer.readline( )

Example
fp=open("test.txt", 'r')

#Read the first line


x=fp.readline( )
print(x)

#Read the next line


x=fp.readline( )
print(x)

#Read the next line


x=fp.readline( )
print(x)
fp.close( )

Output
My File­1

Line­2

Line­3
Reading a complete File line by line
 We can read a file line­by­line using a for loop

Syntax for line in File_Pointer:


x=line
Example
fp=open("test.txt", 'r')

for line in fp:


x=line
print(x)
fp.close( )
Output
My File­1

Line­2

Line­3

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