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    Biology Project

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    hareshsenthil2007
    biology project

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Biology Project

    Uploaded by

    hareshsenthil2007
    1 views3 pages
    biology project

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    biology project

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    biology project

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1 views3 pages

    Biology Project

    Uploaded by

    hareshsenthil2007
    biology project

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    THE STUFF THAT MAKES US WHO WE ARE Our DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) is found in the nucleus

    of every cell in our body (apart from red blood cells, which don’t have a nucleus). DNA is a long
    molecule, made up of lots of smaller units. To make a DNA molecule you need: nitrogenous bases—
    there are four of these: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (C) carbon sugar molecules
    phosphate molecule

    If you take one of the four nitrogenous bases, and put it together with a sugar molecule and a
    phosphate molecule, you get a nucleotide base. The sugar and phosphate molecules connect the
    nucleotide bases together to form a single strand of DNA. Two of these strands then wind around
    each other, making the twisted ladder shape of the DNA double helix. The nucleotide bases pair up
    to make rungs of the ladder, and the sugar and phosphate molecules make the sides. The bases pair
    up together in specific combinations: A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G to make base
    pairs. Put three billion of these base pairs together in the right order, and you have a complete set of
    human DNA—the human genome. This amounts to a DNA molecule about a metre long. It’s the
    order in which the base pairs are arranged—their sequence —in our DNA that provides the blueprint
    for all living things and makes us what we are.
    The DNA sequence of the base pairs in a fish’s DNA is different to those in a monkey. The
    base pair sequence of all people is nearly identical—that’s what makes us all humans. However,
    there are small differences in the order of the three billion base pairs in everyone’s DNA that cause
    the variations we see in hair colour, eye colour, nose shape etc. No two people have exactly the
    same DNA sequence (except for identical twins, because they came from a single egg that split into
    two, forming two copies of the same DNA). We get our DNA from our parents. The DNA of the
    human genome is broken up into 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in total). We receive 23 from our
    mother and 23 from our father. Egg and sperm cells have only one copy of each chromosome so that
    when they come together to form a baby, the baby has the normal 2 copies. Three billion is a lot of
    base pairs, and together they contain an enormous amount of information.

    Population with wide range of characyers

    Identical twins

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