Breadboard ABreadboard is used to create circuits and connect different sensors and actuators to the Arduino board. Italso refers to a solderless breadboard. Terminal tp ganna GHGGn GEaon GaeEe GoeeE * | | HHOBE GEGE Goon Goeoe oeeeo PvReadeisaiacaazsszaces=, le Terminal Strip PowerRails 1 Serial connection from positive 1 to 30is used to connect the horizontal pins which is called power rails. The connection on the blue line rail is different from the red line rail. 2- Serial connection from Al, BI, C1, D1 and Elis used to connect the vertical pins. 3-A trench serves a very important purpose. Ifa dual in-line package or DIP chip is used, there isa separation of connection. This means that if a connection is made to each side of the IC there will be no interference between the functionality of the leg on the opposite side.Light Emitting Diode - LED ALIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) is a 4 semiconductor diode that converts DE | electric energy into electromagnetic radiation ata visible and near infrared Epony lens case Wire bond Reflective cavity tepatecteovie | frequencies when its pn junction is forward biased. Semiconductor de In short, LEDs are like tiny lightbulbs. However, LEDs require evil} teadtame aot less power to light up by comparison. non} 1 Short pin to be connected to GND (ground) wylien 2- Longer pin to be connected to any of the digital pins (pins 2 - 13) Flat spot Serial Monitor ‘SERIAL MONITOR is used for communication between the Arduino board and a computer or other devices. OPENING UP THE SERIAL MONITOR = Alter you have uploaded the sketch onto your Arduino, click on the right-most button on the toolbar inthe Arduino IDE. The button is encircled below. The Arduino IDE has a feature that can be a great help in debugging sketches or controlling Arduino from your computer's keyboard. The Serial Monitor is a separate pop-up window that acts as a separate terminal that communicates by receiving and sending Serial Data, See the icon on the farrright of the image above. KEY CONCEPTS X Types of Switch O 1, PUSH BUTTON/TACT SWITCH reacts to user interaction with the button ELECTRONIC SYMBOL or switch when it makes contact with the control panel beneath. 2. ASINGLE POLE SINGLE THROW SWITCH (SPST) is a basic ON and OFF ASWITCH is an electrical switch consisting of one input contact and one output contact. device having two states, 3, q SINGLE POLE DOUBLE THROW SWITCH (SPDT) is a switch that has on or off (open or close): three terminals, one is input contact and the remaining two are output zero impedance when contacts, closed and infinite i impedance when open. 4. ADOUBLE POLE DOUBLE THROW SWITCH (DPDT) is a dual ON/OFF switch consisting of two ON positions. It hassix terminals: two are input contacts and the remaining four are the output contacts. 5. TOGGLE SWITCH is manually actuated (or pushed up or down) by a mechanical handle, lever or rocking mechanism. These are commonly used as light control switches.Push-button switch, used with serial input An if statement allows you to choose between two discrete options, TRUE or FALSE. When there are more than two options, you ean use multiple if-statements, or you can use the switch statement. Switch allows you to choose between several discrete options. Directions: Follow the set up in the circuit diagram and key in the code for this activity. Materials: © Microcontroller O Jumper Wire O 1 pe. 220.0 Resistors Ouse cable © Breadboard © 1pe. Push Button intpbvatues /* int means integer, pbValue is a variable that will be used to hold the value that the tact switch will send to the microcontroller unit #/ void setup(){ pinllode(2, INPUT); pintode 1s a function that prepares ALL he’ pins used in the microcontroller digital pin used nec the tact sw and it’s considered as an INPUT device * Serial.begin(9600)5 *'sets the data rate in bits per second baud) for serial data transmission */ * void loap(){ pbvalue = digitalRead(2) + digitalzead will basically get the data fron pin 2 and assign that value to variable value Serial.printIn(pbvalue) 5 /* prints over the Serial Nonitor the value assigned to pbValue * 7? Serial.printTn(*paValue”); - this code wil display the word “pbvalue”