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Programming Assignment

Programs

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austriachristian7
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7 views

Programming Assignment

Programs

Uploaded by

austriachristian7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Austria, Christian Paul A.

BS IT 21013

1. Java Identifiers
 In Java, an identifier is a name used to identify a variable, method, class, or any other user-defined
item. Identifiers are essentially the names you assign to these elements in your code.
Examples of Valid Identifiers:
 myVariable
 _totalAmount
 employeeName
 $salary
 number1

Examples of Invalid Identifiers:

 1stNumber (starts with a digit)


 total-amount (contains a hyphen)
 class (reserved keyword)
 my variable (contains a space)

Example in Code:

public class Exam pleClass {


public static void m ain(String[] args) {
int age = 25; // "age" is an identifier for an integer variable.
String name = "John"; // "nam e" is an identifier for a String variable.

System.out.println("Nam e: " + nam e);


System.out.println("Age: " + age);
}
}

2. Java Literals
 In Java, a literal is a fixed value that is directly written in the code and represents a constant value.
These are used to assign values to variables.
Types of Java Literals:
Integer Literals:
 These are numeric values without any fractional or decimal part.
 Example: 10, -100, 0
 They can be written in various number systems:
 Decimal (base 10): 123
 Binary (base 2): 0b1010 (represents 10 in decimal)
 Octal (base 8): 0123 (represents 83 in decimal)
 Hexadecimal (base 16): 0x7B (represents 123 in decimal)

Floating-Point Literals - These are numeric values with a fractional or decimal part. Example: 3.14, -0.01, 2.5e3 (which
is 2.5 × 10³ or 2500.0)

Character Literals - These represent a single character enclosed in single quotes.


Example: 'A', '1', '@'

- Character literals can also represent special characters using escape sequences, like '\n' for a
newline.

String Literals - These are sequences of characters enclosed in double quotes.


 Example: "Hello, World!", "12345", "Java Programming"
Boolean Literals - These represent the two boolean values: true and false.
 Example: true, false
 Null Literal:
 Represents the absence of a value for reference types.
 Example: null

Example in Code:
public class LiteralExam ple {
public static void m ain(String[] args) {
int age = 30; // Integer literal
double salary = 45000.50; // Floating-point literal
char grade = 'A'; // Character literal
String nam e = "John Doe"; // String literal
boolean isEm ployed = true; // Boolean literal
String address = null; // Null literal

System.out.println("Nam e: " + nam e);


System.out.println("Age: " + age);
System.out.println("Salary: " + salary);
System.out.println("Grade: " + grade);
System.out.println("Is Em ployed: " + isEm ployed);
System.out.println("Address: " + address);
}
}

3. Java Data Types and Variables


 Data Types
 In Java, a data type defines the type of data that a variable can hold. Java is a statically-typed
language, meaning you must declare the data type of a variable when you define it.
Categories of Data Types:
1. Primitive Data Types - These are the most basic data types in Java, predefined by the language itself.
o Integer Types:
 byte: 8-bit signed integer, range: -128 to 127
 short: 16-bit signed integer, range: -32,768 to 32,767
 int: 32-bit signed integer, range: -2^31 to 2^31-1
 long: 64-bit signed integer, range: -2^63 to 2^63-1
o Floating-Point Types:
 float: 32-bit floating-point number
 double: 64-bit floating-point number
o Character Type:
 char: 16-bit Unicode character
o Boolean Type - boolean: Represents two values: true or false
2. Reference Data Types - These are used for objects and arrays. They refer to memory locations where data is
stored, unlike primitive types which hold the actual values.
Examples:
 String
 Arrays (int[], String[])
 Classes (MyClass, Object)
 Interfaces

 Variables
A variable in Java is a container that holds data that can be changed during the execution of a

program. Each variable must be declared with a data type, which determines the type of data it
can store.
Types of Variables:
Local Variables

 Declared inside a method, constructor, or block.


 Accessible only within the method or block where it is declared.

Instance Variables

 Declared inside a class but outside any method, constructor, or block.


 Each instance of the class (i.e., object) has its own copy of the instance variable.
Static Variables

 Declared with the static keyword inside a class.


 Shared among all instances of the class, meaning there is only one copy of a static variable
for all objects.

Example in Code:

public class DataTypeExam ple {


// Instance variable
int instanceVar = 5;

// Static variable
static String staticVar = "Hello, W orld!";

public static void m ain(String[] args) {


// Local variable
int localVar = 10;

// Prim itive data types


int age = 25; // Integer data type
double salary = 50000.75; // Floating-point data type
char grade = 'A'; // Character data type
boolean isActive = true; // Boolean data type

// Reference data type


String name = "John Doe"; // String is a reference type

// Printing variables
System.out.println("Nam e: " + nam e);
System.out.println("Age: " + age);
System.out.println("Salary: " + salary);
System.out.println("Grade: " + grade);
System.out.println("Is Active: " + isActive);
System.out.println("Static Var: " + staticVar);
System.out.println("Local Var: " + localVar);
}
}

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