Logic Mid Exam With Answers

1. If the Big Bang theory is correct, then the universe is billions of years old.
And if the Big Bang theory is

correct, then the universe was not created in six days. Thus, if the universe is billions of years old, then it
was not created in six days.
a. Deductive, valid.
b. Inductive, strong.
c. Inductive, cogent.
d. Inductive, weak.
e. Deductive, invalid.
ANS: E PTS: 2
2. The engraved plate beneath this painting in the art museum says "Monet." Therefore, the painting
must
be the work of Monet.
a. Inductive, cogent.
b. Inductive, weak.
c. Deductive, valid.
d. Inductive, strong.
ANS: D PTS: 2
3. Canada is similar in many ways to the United States. Both countries share the same language, values,
and a free market economy. Also, they share a common border. Therefore, the Canadian flag must look
a lot like the U.S. flag.
a. Inductive, weak.
b. Deductive, invalid.
c. Inductive, strong.
d. Deductive, sound.
e. Deductive, valid.
ANS: A PTS: 2
4. Either Bill Clinton or George W. Bush was president when the World Trade Center towers were
destroyed. But Bush was not president at that time. Therefore, Bill Clinton was president when those
buildings were destroyed.
a. Inductive, invalid.
b. Deductive, valid.
c. Deductive, invalid.
d. Inductive, strong
e. Inductive, weak.
ANS: B
5. As the universe expands, it gets colder and colder. Furthermore, this expansion will continue for ever
and ever. Therefore, at some point in the future the universe will become too cold to support human
life, and all humans will perish.
a. Deductive, invalid.
b. Deductive, valid.
c. Deductive, sound.
d. Inductive, strong.
e. Inductive, weak.
ANS: D PTS: 2
6.No drug cartels are legal operations, so no legal operations are enterprises that engage in smuggling,
because all drug cartels are enterprises that engage in smuggling.
a. Deductive, valid.
b. Inductive, strong.
c. Inductive, weak.
d. Deductive, sound.
ANS: E PTS: 2
7. Given that x2 + 2x = 15. It follows that x = 3.
a. Inductive, strong.
b. Inductive, weak.
d. Inductive, cogent.
ANS: C PTS: 2
8. Graffiti painted on that vacant building says "Boycott Meat." Therefore, it's clear that we should all
become vegetarians.
a. Deductive, sound.
b. Inductive, weak.
c. Deductive, invalid.
d. Deductive, valid.
e. Inductive, strong.
ANS: B PTS: 2
9. James Bloomfield, the widely respected expert on art authentication, says that the painting recently
discovered in the basement of the art museum is a genuine Picasso. Therefore, we conclude that the
painting is indeed a genuine Picasso.
a. Deductive, invalid.
b. Inductive, weak.
d. Inductive, cogent.
e. Inductive, strong.
ANS: E PTS: 2
10.Benjamin Franklin wrote, "Beer is proof that God loves us and wants us to be happy." Therefore,
since
old Ben would never lie about anything so important as God, we must conclude that God does indeed
exist.
a. Appeal to unqualified authority.
b. False cause.
c. No fallacy.
d. Begging the question.
e. Argument against the person, circumstantial.
ANS: A PTS: 2
11. Every player on the varsity chess team is very good. Therefore, the team is very good.
a. Division.
b. Begging the question.
c. Composition.
d. Hasty generalization.
e. No fallacy.
ANS: E
12. Either you support the administration's policies or you don't deserve to be called a patriotic
American.
The choice should be obvious.
a. Accident.
b. False dichotomy.
c. Appeal to force.
d. No fallacy.
e. Suppressed evidence.
ANS: B
13. Every word in this sentence is meaningful. Therefore, the sentence is meaningful.
a. No fallacy.
b. Complex question.
c. Composition.
e. Division.
ANS: C PTS: 2
14. Andrew's new cell phone works well in fringe areas. Therefore, probably Madison's new cell phone,
which is the same make and model as Andrew's, with the same service provider, works well in fringe
areas, too.
a. No fallacy.
b. Slippery slope.
c. False cause.
d. Appeal to unqualified authority.
e. Weak analogy.
ANS: A PTS: 2
15. During the two years that Abigail has served as president of the Crescent Society, several of its
members have suffered from insomnia. Thus, in the interests of better sleep for these people, the
Society should elect a new president.
a. No fallacy.
b. Equivocation.
c. Weak analogy.
d. Appeal to ignorance.
e. False cause.
ANS: E PTS: 2
16.Whoever fires a gun at another person should be arrested. But those cowboys on the movie set are
firing their guns at each other. Thus, those cowboys should be arrested.
a. Hasty generalization.
b. No fallacy.
c. Begging the question.
d. Accident.
e. False dichotomy.
ANS: D PTS: 2
17. This unopened can of iced tea contains lemon juice. Therefore, every single spoonful of it contains
lemon juice.
a. Composition.
b. Hasty generalization.
c. No fallacy.
d. Missing the point.
e. Division.
ANS: C PTS: 2
18. Frank, I know you'll want to lend me the down payment money for my new house. After all, you
wouldn't want the IRS to find out that you failed to report a hundred thousand dollars of income on your
last tax return.
a. Missing the point.
b. Appeal to force.
c. Appeal to pity.
d. No fallacy.
e. Argument against the person, circumstantial.
ANS: B PTS: 2
19. So, you insist on going to the movies tonight. Why do you always have to get your own way?
a. No fallacy.
b. Complex question.
c. Straw man.
d. Begging the question.
e. Appeal to force.
ANS: B PTS: 2
20. In a random poll of 400 students from Belview College, 72 percent said that they own a digital
camera.
Therefore, probably most Belview students own a digital camera.
a. Weak analogy.
b. False cause.
c. Composition.
e. No fallacy.
ANS: E PTS: 2
21. Health care is a fundamental right. This is so because citizens have a right to the necessities of life.
And this follows from the fact that life is a fundamental right. And naturally this is true because the state
has the obligation to protect life. And why is this true? Because the state has an obligation to provide
health care. And this follows from the fact that health care is a fundamental right.
a. Begging the question.
b. Red herring.
c. Slippery slope.
d. Missing the point.
e. No fallacy.
ANS: A PTS: 2
22. Nobody has ever proved that the ready availability of guns causes an increase in the number of
murders and robberies. Hence, we conclude that the availability of guns has no effect on the frequency
of these crimes.
a. Missing the point.
b. Composition.
c. No fallacy.
d. Appeal to ignorance.
e. Complex question.
ANS: D PTS: 2
23. Either Britney Spears is a surgeon or Annette Bening is an astronaut. Therefore, it follows that either
Annette Bening is an astronaut or Britney Spears is a surgeon
a. No fallacy.
b. Red herring.
c. Begging the question.
d. False dichotomy.
e. Amphiboly.
ANS: A PTS: 2
24.Whatever is dull is stupid. This knife is extremely dull. Therefore, this knife is extremely stupid.
a. Amphiboly.
b. Begging the question.
c. Equivocation.
d. No fallacy.
e. Composition.
ANS: C PTS: 2

Logic Mid Exam With Answers

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1. If the Big Bang theory is correct, then the universe is billions of years old.

And if the Big Bang theory is

be the work of Monet.

7. Given that x2 + 2x = 15. It follows that x = 3.

painting is indeed a genuine Picasso.

a. Appeal to unqualified authority.

d. Begging the question.

e. Argument against the person, circumstantial.

b. Begging the question.

The choice should be obvious.

d. Appeal to unqualified authority.

Society should elect a new president.

c. Begging the question.

d. Missing the point.

a. Missing the point.

e. Argument against the person, circumstantial.

d. Begging the question.

Therefore, probably most Belview students own a digital camera.

a. Begging the question.

d. Missing the point.

a. Missing the point.

c. Begging the question.

b. Begging the question.

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