MANGU PREMOCK EXAMINATIONS

PHYSICS
PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A (25MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS.
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1. State the reading shown on the scale of a vernier calipers in the diagram below.
(1mk) -2.78mm
2. State the reason why electricity transmission cables are left sagging between the pylons.
(1mk) -To allow for contraction and expansion of the cables.
3. The reading on a mercury barometer at the foot of a hill. Density of air = 1.25kg/m3,
density of mercury = 1.36 x 104kg/m3. (3mks)

Top

44 cm

Foot = 760mmHg
- Pressure due to air column= pressure difference in mercury height.
- Let difference in height be h
- haρag= hmρmg
- 440 x 1.25 x 10 = h x 13600 x 10
- h= 0.0404m
= 40.4 mm
Reading at the top = 760 – 40.4
= 719.6mmHg
The figure below shows the displacement time graph for the motion of an object. Sketch
the velocity time graph for the object. (2mks)
4.

Velocity

Time (s)
5. State two factors that would raise the boiling point of water. (2mks) i.
Presence of impurities. ii. Increase in pressure
6. The level of water in a burette is 25cm3. 40 drops each of volume 0.05cm3
are added to the burette, what would be its new reading.
(2mks)
V drops = 40 x 0.05
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 = 2cm3
New reading = 25.2 = 23cm3
7. Explain how the efficiency of a vacuum flask us affected if the double-walled glass
surface is replaced with a double-walled metal surface. (2mks)
- It would be less efficient. The shiny surface reflect heat back to the liquid hence lost
minimized.
- The metal surface would conduct the heat away from the liquid hence making the
liquid lose heat.
8. A body moving at 50m/s decelerates uniformly at 2m/s2 until it comes to rest. What
distance does it cover from the time it starts to decelerate to the time it comes to rest.
(3mks)
2
- U= 50m/s a= -2m/s , v=0
V2 = U2+ 2as
O2= 502 + 2x – 2 x 5
O = 2500 – 45
45=2500 S=625m
9. Sketch a graph of pressure
versus volume for an ideal
gas at constant
temperature.
10. (3mks)

Pressure N/m2

11. Three identical springs A, B, and C are used to

3
support 25.5N weight as shown
below. Volume (m )

A 14N B=14N

2.5N

C =25.5N

25.5

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The weight of the horizontal bar is 2.5N, determine the extension on each spring given
that 6N causes an extension of 2cm. (2mks)
Extension for C = 25.5 x 2 = 8.5cm
6
Extension of A = extension of B = 14 x 6 = 4.667cm
6
- State the property of Freon that makes it useful as a refrigerant liquid. (1mk)

- It is volatile
12. The diagram below shows a spinning ball as it moves through air in the direction
shown.

Draw the streamlines of air around the ball and show the direction in which it spins such
that an upward force is created. (2mks)
13. State the law of conservation of energy. (1mk)
- Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be transformed from one form to
another.
SECTION B (55 MARKS)
14. State one renewable source of energy. (1mk)
- Wind, water, solar, geothermal, biomass
b. An electric crane lifts a load of 2000kg through a vertical distance of 3m in 6 seconds.
Determine:
i. The work done. (2mks)
W.d = F x d = Mgh.
2000 x 10 x 3
60,000J
ii. The power developed by
the crane.
(2mks) p=w.d
t

= 60000
6

= 10000W
= 10KW iii. The efficiency of the crane if operated by an electric meter rated
12.5kw.
(2mks)
=power output x 100
Power input
= 10 x 100
12.5
= 80%

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 c. A pulley system has two pulleys on the lower block and one pulley on the upper block.
Sketch the system showing the direction of the robe, the load and the effort.
(3mks)

Effort

Load

15. Define the term friction. (1mk)

- Friction is the force that opposes relative motion between two surface in contact with
one another.
b. A spherical steel ball is released from rest just above the surface of a column of oil
which is in a long wide tube.
i. State three forces affecting the movement of the ball as it falls in the oil. (3 mks )

- Upthrust pushing it up
- Viscous drag, opposing motion hence pushes upwards - Weight of the ball acting
downwards. ii. Explain which of the forces in b (i) above varies as the ball falls. (1mk) -
Viscous drag varies since weight and upthrust are constant iii. What is the net force
acting on the ball that is moving at terminal velocity?
(1mk)
- The net force is zero
- iv. Sketch a graph to show the variation of resultant force on the ball with velocity
from the movement it was released. (2mks

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v.

Velocity (m/s)
c. State the principle of movements. (1mk)
- For a system in equilibrium the sum of clockwise moments about a point equals
sum of anticlockwise moments about same point

i. The diagram below shows a uniform metre rule in equilibrium under the forces shown.

ii. Determine the weight of the metre rule. (3mks)

- Sum of clockwise moments = sum of anticlockwise moments
(10 x w) + 60 x 2 = 40 x 4
10W + 120 = 160
10W = 40
W = 4N

16. A 4kg mass is receiving heat at a rate of 100KJ per minute and its temperature at
various times recorded as follows.
Temp 230 250 270 270 270 270 310 350 390 390 390
(o C
)
Time 0 1 2 6 9 13 18 23 28 29 30
t
(m
in)
a. Plot a graph of temperature against time. (5mks)

b. Use you graph to determine:

i. Specific heat capacity of the substance in solid state. (3mks)
Q=MCѲ
2 x 100000 = 4 x C x (270 – 230)
200000 = 4 x 40C

160 160
C = 1250J/KgK

ii. Specific heat capacity in its liquid state. (3mks)

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 Q=MCѲ
15 x 100000 = 4 x C (390 – 270)
1500000 = 4 x 120 C
C = 3125 J/KgK

iii. Its melting point (1mk)

270OC

iv. Its boiling point (1mk)

390OC

v. Specific latent heat of fusion. (2mks)

Q=mLf
11 x 100000 = 4 Lf
4 4
Lf= 2.75 x 105J/Kg

17. In an experiment to demonstrate Brownian motion, smoke was put in a smoke cell
and observed under a microscope.
i. State and explain the observation made. (2mks)
- Smoke particles move constantly and randomly. This is due to collusion with invisible
air molecules also moving constantly and randomly.
ii. Give a reason for using small particles like smoke particles in the experiment.

(1mk)
- Large particles may not move on collision with air particles.
iii. What observation would be made if the temperature of the smoke cell is
raised?
(1mk)
- The random and constant motion increases / fasten as increase in temperature
increases kinetic energy.

b. An oil drop of average diameter 0.7mm spreads out into a circular patch of diameter
75cm on the surface of water in a trough.
i. Calculate the thickness of the molecule. (3mks)

V drop = v patch
4
/3 πr3= πr2h
4/3 x π x 0.7/2 x 0.7/2 = π x (750/2)2 x h
h=4.065 x 10-7mm
= 4.065 x 10-10m

ii. State any two sources of error in b (i) above. (2mks)

- Measurement of the diameter of the drop
- Diameter of the patch

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18. At 30oC , the pressure of a gas is 100cmHg. At what temperature would the pressure
of the gas fall by 20cm of mercury. Give the temperature in oC.
(3mks)
-
- P1/T1 = P2/T2 P2 = 80 P1 = 100cmHg T2 = ?
T1= 30 +273 = 303

100 = 80

= T2
T2 = 303 x 80

100
= 242.4 K
= 242.4 – 273
= -30.6OC

b. A hole of area 4.0cm2 at the bottom of a tank 5m deep is closed with a cork.
Determine the force on the cork when the tank is filled with water. (g=10m/s2, density
of water =
1000kg/m3). (4mks)
P= F/A
Hρg= F/A
4x 10-4x 5 x 1000 x 10
=F 5m x 4k10-4
4x10- 4

F= 20N

A = 4cm2
c. A measuring cylinder of height 25cm is filled to a height at 15cm with water and the
rest is occupied by kerosene. Determine the pressure acting on its base. (Density of
water = 1g/cm3, density of kerosene = 0.8g/cm3 atmospheric pressure = 103,000 Pa)
(3mks)

P = Pkerosene + Pwater + Patmospheric

Kerosene
10cm
= hkρkg + hwρwg + pa
= (15/100 x 1000 x 10)+ (10/100 x 800 x 10) + 103000
15cm = 105,300
Pa.

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