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    Use of Nanotechnology in Plant Disease Management

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    Use of Nanotechnology in Plant Disease Management

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    Use of Nanotechnology in Plant Disease Management

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    NPs

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    Use of Nanotechnology in Plant Disease Management

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views5 pages

    Use of Nanotechnology in Plant Disease Management

    Uploaded by

    muhammadawaismanzoor366
    Use of Nanotechnology in Plant Disease Management

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Use of Nanotechnology in Plant Disease Management

    Submitted By

    M. Faisal Ul Rehman

    2019-ag-5219

    Submitted To

    Dr. Imran Ul Haq

    Department of Entomology

    University of Agriculture Faisalabad


    Nanoparticles:

    Nanoparticles (NPs) are microscopic tools with immense potential. Typically ranging from 10-100
    nanometers in size (incredibly small, thousands of times smaller than the width of a human hair).

    Nanopesticides: Nanoparticles can be used to encapsulate pesticides, which can improve their
    delivery and efficacy. This can reduce the amount of pesticide that needs to be applied, which can
    help to protect the environment and human health (Kannan et al., 2023).

    Nanosensors: Nanosensors can be used to monitor soil conditions, such as moisture and nutrient
    levels. This information can be used to help farmers apply fertilizer and water more efficiently.
    (Zhang et al., 2021)

    Nanofertilizers: Nanofertilizers can be designed to release nutrients slowly over time, which can
    improve plant growth and reduce nutrient leaching. (Zahra et al.,2022)

    Plant disease diagnostics: Nanoparticles can be used to develop new methods for diagnosing
    plant diseases. This can help farmers to identify and treat diseases early, before they cause
    significant damage to crops. (Elmer and White, 2018)

    Genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Nanoparticles can be used to deliver genes to plants,
    which could be used to create new varieties of crops with improved resistance to pests, diseases,
    and drought. (Saxena et al., 2020)

    Nano fungicide in Disease Control:

    Nanotechnology offers a revolutionary approach to plant disease management through


    nano fungicides. These are nanoparticles (NPs), typically 10-100 nanometers in size, that can act
    directly as fungicides or enhance the delivery of traditional ones. Their unique properties make
    them ideal candidates for eco-friendly and effective disease control. Nano fungicides possess
    several advantages over conventional fungicides. Their small size allows for targeted action
    against pathogens at lower doses, minimizing environmental impact. Additionally, they can be
    formulated for controlled release, extending their effectiveness and reducing the need for frequent
    application. Metal-based nanofungicides, containing zinc, silver, or copper, have shown significant
    antifungal activity against various plant pathogens like Fusarium and Botrytis cinerea. These
    nanoparticles work by disrupting the pathogen's cell membrane through electrostatic attraction.
    Further, they can deactivate proteins and enzymes essential for fungal growth, generate harmful
    reactive oxygen species, and damage the pathogen's DNA. This multi-targeted approach makes it
    difficult for fungi to develop resistance. Importantly, nanofungicides often outperform their bulk
    counterparts in terms of efficacy. This is because they create concentrated zones of ion release near
    the fungal cell, overwhelming its defense mechanisms. Additionally, their larger surface area can
    cause direct mechanical damage or facilitate the entry of reactive molecules like hydrogen
    peroxide (Malandrakis et al., 2022)

    Biofungicides occupy a unique position in controlling fungal diseases by utilizing naturally


    occurring organisms or their byproducts. An innovative technology in the field of biopesticides
    involves the use of engineered nanomaterials. These nanomaterials exhibit enhanced reactivity and
    can form covalent bonds with bio fungicides. This distinctive property of nanomaterials is
    harnessed to effectively manage the plant-pest chain, offering a promising avenue for sustainable
    disease control in agriculture (Bhattacharyya et al.,2016).

    Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have garnered significant attention in the field of
    biotechnology due to their potent inhibitory and bactericidal effects, along with a wide range of
    antimicrobial activities. Compared to bulk silver, Ag NPs possess a higher surface area and a
    greater fraction of surface atoms, resulting in enhanced antimicrobial efficacy. Moreover, Ag NPs
    are recognized for their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory
    properties. Although the use of Ag NPs in agriculture is primarily theoretical at present, it is
    anticipated that researchers will uncover diverse applications for silver nanoparticles soon.

    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are emerging as promising tools in agriculture for managing plant
    diseases and protecting crops. Their bactericidal and fungicidal properties make them effective
    against a range of pathogens. Researchers have developed methods to disperse and stabilize
    AgNPs, enhancing their adhesion to bacterial and fungal cell surfaces. Various studies have
    demonstrated the effectiveness of AgNPs against pathogens like Xanthomonas perforans in
    tomatoes and plant pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata. AgNPs
    synthesized by organisms like Trichoderma longibrachiatum have shown broad-spectrum activity
    against pathogenic fungi and bacteria, surpassing the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics.
    Colloidal nano silver has been particularly effective against rose powdery mildew, a
    common disease affecting roses, in both greenhouse and outdoor settings. Additionally, AgNPs
    have been recognized for their potential to stimulate plant growth. Techniques such as assembling
    cationic arginine gold nanoparticles (ArgNPs) with gene editing systems have demonstrated
    efficient gene editing in cultured cell lines, paving the way for future crop development research.
    Overall, the application of AgNPs in agriculture holds great promise for improving crop protection,
    enhancing yields, and ensuring food security in a sustainable manner. Silver nanoparticles
    (AgNPs) are being tested as pesticides in agriculture to reduce pest damage on crops and enhance
    plant nutrition. They can lessen the use of chemical fertilizers and eradicate unwanted
    microorganisms in soil and hydroponic systems. AgNPs, applied as foliar sprays, combat fungal
    diseases and improve plant resistance to stresses. Their use shows potential for sustainable crop
    protection and enhanced plant growth (Kale et al., 2021).
    References:

    Kannan, M., Bojan, N., Swaminathan, J. et al. Nanopesticides in agricultural pest management
    and their environmental risks: a review. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 10507–10532 (2023).
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04795-y

    Zhang, Qi & Ying, Yibin & Ping, Jianfeng. (2021). Recent Advances in Plant Nanoscience.
    Advanced Science. 9. 2103414. 10.1002/advs.202103414.

    Zahra Z, Habib Z, Hyun H, Shahzad HMA. Overview on Recent Developments in the Design,
    Application, and Impacts of Nanofertilizers in Agriculture. Sustainability. 2022; 14(15):9397.
    https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159397

    Elmer, W., & White, J. C. (2018). The future of nanotechnology in plant pathology. Annual review
    of phytopathology, 56, 111-133.

    Saxena, G., Kishor, R., Saratale, G. D., & Bharagava, R. N. (2020). Genetically modified
    organisms (GMOs) and their potential in environmental management: constraints, prospects, and
    challenges. Bioremediation of Industrial Waste for Environmental Safety: Volume II: Biological
    Agents and Methods for Industrial Waste Management, 1-19.

    Malandrakis, A. A., Kavroulakis, N., & Chrysikopoulos, C. V. (2022). Metal nanoparticles against fungicide
    resistance: alternatives or partners?. Pest Management Science, 78(10), 3953-3956.

    Bhattacharyya, A., Duraisamy, P., Govindarajan, M., Buhroo, A. A., & Prasad, R. (2016). Nano-biofungicides:
    emerging trend in insect pest control. Advances and applications through fungal nanobiotechnology, 307-319.

    Kale, S. K., Parishwad, G. V., & Patil, A. S. H. A. S. (2021). Emerging agriculture applications of silver
    nanoparticles. ES Food & Agroforestry, 3, 17-22.

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