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ASP.
NET: ASP.NET is a web application framework designed and developed by Microsoft. ASP.NET is open source and a subset of the .NET Framework and successor of the classic ASP(Active Server Pages). .NET Framework supports more than 60 programming languages in which 11 programming languages are designed and developed by Microsoft. The remaining Non-Microsoft Languages which are supported by .NET Framework but not designed and developed by Microsoft. it was first released in January 2002. ASP.NET is built on the CLR(Common Language Runtime) which allows the programmers to execute. its code using any .NET language(C#, VB etc.). It is specially designed to work with HTTP and for web developers to create dynamic web pages, web applications, web sites, and web services as it provides a good integration of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Common Language Runtime (CLR) in C#
CLR is the basic and Virtual Machine component of the .NET Framework. It is the run-time environment in the .NET Framework that runs the codes and helps in making the development process easier by providing the various services. Basically, it is responsible for managing the execution of .NET programs regardless of any .NET programming language. Internally, CLR implements the VES(Virtual Execution System) which is defined in the Microsoft’s implementation of the CLI(Common Language Infrastructure). The various services offered are remoting, thread management, type-safety, memory management, robustness, etc CLR provides a managed execution environment for the .NET programs by improving the security, including the cross language integration and a rich set of class libraries etc. The code that runs under the Common Language Runtime is termed as the Managed Code. Framework Class Library(FCL): It is the collection of reusable, object- oriented class libraries and methods, etc that can be integrated with CLR. Also called the Assemblies. It is just like the header files in C/C++ and packages in the java. Installing .NET framework basically is the installation of CLR and FCL into the system. Common Language Infrastructure is a standard developed by Microsoft that allows the use of multiple different high-level languages on different computer platforms without rewriting the code for any specific architecture. In simple terms, Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) enables an application program written in any commonly-used programming languages to be run on any operating system using a common runtime program rather than a specific for every language.
Execution Process: Suppose you have written a C# program and save it in a file which is known as the Source Code. Language specific compiler compiles the source code into the MSIL(Microsoft Intermediate Language) which is also know as the CIL(Common Intermediate Language) or IL(Intermediate Language) along with its metadata. Metadata includes the all the types, actual implementation of each function of the program. MSIL is machine independent code. Now CLR comes into existence. CLR provides the services and runtime environment to the MSIL code. Internally CLR includes the JIT(Just-In- Time) compiler which converts the MSIL code to machine code which further executed by CPU. CLR also uses the .NET Framework class libraries. Metadata provides information about the programming language, environment, version, and class libraries to the CLR by which CLR handles the MSIL code. As CLR is common so it allows an instance of a class that written in a different language to call a method of the class which written in another language. Web-Application: A web application is an application installed only on the web server which is accessed by the users using a web browser like Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, etc. There are also some other technology like Java, PHP, Perl, Ruby on Rails, etc. which can be used to develop web applications. Web applications provide the cross-platform feature. The user needs only a web browser to access a web application. The web applications which are developed using the .NET framework or its subsets required to execute under the Microsoft Internet Information Services(IIS) on the server side. The work of IIS is to provide the web application’s generated HTML code result to the client browser which initiates the request.
Development Models: Classic ASP: It is the first server side scripting language developed by Microsoft. ASP.NET: It is web development framework and successor of Classic ASP. ASP.NET 4.6 is the latest version. ASP.NET Core: In November 2015, Microsoft released the 5.0 version of ASP.NET which get separated later and known as ASP.NET Core. Also, it is considered as an important redesign of ASP.NET with the feature of open-source and cross-platform. Before this version, ASP.NET is only considered as Windows-only version. ASP.NET Web Forms: These are the event-driven application model which are not considered a part of the new ASP.NET Core. These are used to provide the server-side events and controls to develop a web application. ASP.NET MVC: It is the Model-View-Controller application model which can be merged with the new ASP.NET Core. It is used to build dynamic websites as it provides fast development. ASP.NET Web Pages: These are the single page application which can be merged into ASP.NET Core. ASP.NET API: It is the Web Application Programming Interface(API). Assembly: It is a single unit of deployment. It is a chunk of code which can be executed by the CLR. Code + Config + Assembly > Compile > Assembly(Single Unit).
Assembly
EXE(Executeable) Dynamic link library (DLL)
EXE: Runs in it’s own memory space.
DynamicLinkLibrary: It needs a hoster/ Consumer. It runs inside address space of exe. Reuseability is a major advantage – Write the code in dll and add the reference in the exe and you can use it
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