Mall of Imarat

(MOI-2)

HVAC SYSTEMS DESIGN CONCEPT

REPORT

DECEMBER 2023

ACS ENGINEERING CONCERN

18-J/2 JOHAR TOWN LAHORE
PH: 042-35775419, 3577510
Fax: 042-5711982
E-mail: acs402@gamil.com
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HVAC SYSTEM PROPOSAL

I. HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN CRITERIA

A‐ PROJECT OVERVIEW

Building Location

The proposed site is a Twin Commercial building located in Islamabad.

Project Description

The building comprises of two identical blocks naming MOI‐1 & MO1‐2. The intent of this report is to
discuss MOI‐2 only. Overall, the Mall of Imarat is a major landmark in Islamabad and one of the top
shopping destinations. It has wide range of stores, entertainment options, and modern design makes it a
popular choice for locals and tourists alike.

Both blocks are combined up to lower ground floor including 3 basements floors. From ground floor the
building is divided into two blocks naming MOI‐1 & MOI‐2. MOI‐2 is a multi‐story type comprising of 17
floors including 3 basements. The total covered area of the MOI‐2 facility is around 851,900 Sft,
however the floor area required to be handled with HVAC system is around 571,319 Sft while rest will
be mechanically ventilated.

The building has diverse and multi‐functional facility with various amenities and services. Here's a
breakdown of the usage for each floor:

1‐ Basement Floors (B1, B2, B3):

 Car Parking
2‐ Ground Floor to 3rd floor:
 Retail Outlets
3‐ 4th to 5rd floor:
 Food court
 Associated Kitchens
 Fun Area
4‐ 6th to 7th floor:
 Purpose to be decided
5‐ 8th to 9th floor:
 Banquet halls
 Conference rooms
 Lounges
6‐ 10th to 12th floor:
 Guest rooms
 Gymnasium
 All day Dining

The building is designed to accommodate a mix of commercial, recreational, and hospitality spaces,
providing a wide range of services to visitors.

All area of the building required proper air conditioning system maintaining comfort conditions
throughout the year, including control of space temperature and relative humidity to desired levels. On
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the other hand, the remaining areas of the building, which include car parking and spaces not
mentioned in the list for air conditioning, will rely on mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation
involves the exchange of air to control indoor air quality by diluting and removing pollutants, and
providing fresh air for occupants.

B‐ GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

Following general design criteria will be applicable to all areas.

1. Outdoor Design Conditions

City Islamabad
Latitude 33 N
Longitude 73 E
Elevation 1939 ft

Summer Condition

Design Dry bulb Temperature 113 °F

Design Wet bulb Temperature 85 °F
Daily Temperature Range 24 °F

Winter Condition

Design Dry bulb Temperature 33 °F

2. Indoor Design Conditions

Room Temperature: 23 ± 2 °C
Relative Humidity: 50 ± 15% Uncontrolled
Noise Criteria: 25‐30 DB
Lighting Load: 1‐2 Watts/Sft as required

3. Air Velocity

 Air velocity across cooling and heating coils: 50 fpm

 Air velocity across filter: as recommended by manufacturer
 Air velocity in main duct: 1300 – 1800 fpm
 Air velocity at terminal: 750 fpm

4. Electrical Power

All HVAC Equipment will operate through electrical power supply of following characteristics:

 415 Volts /3‐Phase / 50Hz

 220 Volts /1‐Phase / 50Hz

5. Safety Factor

Safety factor for cooling load calculation will be taken as 10%.

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6. Ventilation Criteria

Minimum fresh air will be supplied as per following schedules:

Cafeteria/ Restaurants : 10 Cfm/person

Conference rooms : 6 Cfm/person
Indoor Game Area : 0.30 Cfm/sft
Guest Bed : 50 Cfm/room
Shops : 16 Cfm/person
Mall common area : 9 Cfm/person
Mall circulation area : 0.20 Cfm/sft
Gymnasium : 26 Cfm/person
Banquet Hai : 5 Cfm/person

7. Exhaust Air Criteria

Overall exhaust air criteria for different areas are set out hereunder:

Kitchen : 30 ACH (Air Changes per hour)

Public Toilets : 10 ACH
Store & Staff area : 6 ACH
HVAC Plant room : 10 ACH
Car Parking : 0.75 Cfm/Sft2

8. Heat dissipation Loads

Heat dissipation load of equipment is taken as,

LED TV : 100 Watts each

Desktop Computer : 150 Watts each
Laser Printer : 150 Watts each

C‐ ESTIMATED COOLING LOAD

Based on the architectural design, functional utilization of the building and the design parameters
established in design basis the actual cooling load is 2,550 tons of refrigeration for the entire
development.

D‐ PROPOSED HVAC SYSTEM

The proposed system for all Zones is Central Chilled Water System. The central chilled water system will
mainly comprise of Electrical operated Air Cooled Screw Chillers, Pumps, Auxiliary Equipment and Air
Handling Equipment (i.e. AHUs & FCUs) to meet the indoor design conditions. Total calculated load of
zones is 2550 Tons peak demand. Under this option seven (7) chillers are suggested and each chiller will
be sized @15% capacity of the total demand load thus will be of 385 Tons capacity. By experience we
understand building operates mostly at around 65%‐85% of total demand load throughout the year;
therefore 6 No. Air Cooled Chillers will mostly be operated to meet the demand load. Whenever cooling
demand load exceed beyond 90% load or building operates at its peak load; the 7th Air Cooled Chiller,
which will mostly act as stand‐by, will be put on operation to keep the system all time running without
any deficiency. In our opinion there may not be any further requirement of Stand‐By Chiller right now,
however provision of stand‐by Chiller can be managed if required for later addition in the system.

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The Central system majorly composed of two main components; one is related to central refrigeration
plant (i.e. Chillers, Pumps & Auxiliary equipment) whereas second component is related to Air
Circulation Units (i.e. Air Handling Units (AHUs) & Fan Coil Units (FCUs)).

1‐ CENTRAL REFRIGERATION PLANT

The proposed system for all building will be central chilled water system and will mainly comprise of Air
cooled Electrical operated Screw Chillers, Pumps, Auxiliary Equipment and Air Handling Equipment (i.e.
AHUs) to meet the indoor design conditions.

The main equipment like chillers will be placed at roof open to sky whereas pumps & axillary equipment
will be placed in pump room located at roof. All air handling units will be located at each floor of the
proposed building to be conditioned.

2‐ AIR HANDLING SYSTEM

All area like retail outlets, food court, gymnasium, kids play area, offices & associated corridors will be
provided with no. of individual fan coil units. The fresh air requirement will be achieved by using 100%
recovery type Air handling units placed at some suitable location at each floor. All air handling units &
fan coil units will be connected with central system.

The treated fresh Air Handling Unit (TFAU) equipped with supply & return air fans, desiccant type
Energy Recovery Wheel (ERW) and Chilled coil connected with respective system. The AHU will be
provided with proper filters to make the fresh air clean up to required level. All the space air will be
collected and exhausted to the atmosphere while passing through one side of the ERW thereby
reducing temperature of the hot fresh air coming from outside the atmosphere as well as moisture
content of the air by passing on the opposite side of ERW recovering more than 60% of sensible energy
without any cross contamination and is ultimately exhausted to the atmosphere, consequently reducing
the air conditioning load & the moisture content of the mixed air (return + fresh air) from the building.

Food Court kitchens are also required to be conditioned with fan coil units to maintain conditions within
acceptable desired limits with the provision of fresh and exhaust air equipment connected to hoods in
pursuance of kitchen requirements without the loss of air‐conditioning and maintaining acceptable
negative pressure to avoid the spread of smoke in adjoining areas.

E‐ PROPOSED SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1. Central System Using Electrically Operated Type Air Cooled Screw Chillers (Cooling Only) & Hot
Water Generators

1.1 Summer Cooling

In this system the chiller will be operated on electricity. Major equipment involved is chiller, Chilled
water pumps, and auxiliary equipment. The chiller, its associated chilled water pumps and auxiliary
equipment will be installed normally at roof. Whereas all air handling units (AHUs and FCUs) will be
installed at floor or in the ceiling to be conditioned.

In this system the chilled water is produced by the chiller, which is then circulated in AHU/FCU coil
through seamless M.S. piping network by means of the chilled water pumps. The air gets cooled when it
passes through the AHU/FCU coils, due to heat exchanger between air and chilled water, which is then
fed into the condition areas through insulated G.I. sheet metal ducting network by the AHU/FCU fans to
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maintain desired temperature. Ultimate heat rejection will be achieved at air‐cooled condensers when
ambient air picks up heat from the refrigerant flowing through the condenser coils.

1.2 Winter Heating

To achieve heating in winter season, hot water generators will be used. The hot water generators will be
switched on to produce hot water for heating purpose.

1.3 Ventilation

In this system, to achieve heating in the winter season, same equipment will be used while switching the
equipment in heating mode.

F‐ CAR PARKING VENTILATION

Basement car parking needs normal mechanical ventilation which also serves for smoke purging during
fire conditions. To reduce ductwork and floor to floor height requirements, jet fan ductless ventilation
system is considered appropriate and effective. Following the established concept of tunnel ventilation,
a series of small jet fans will assist air‐movement from one side of the car parking to the other side.

Jet fans will be of 2‐speed type to cater for the smoke purging requirements of basement car parking
during fire conditions. They will also cater for the increase in the air changes per hour when the Carbon
Monoxide (CO) level increases at both basements and above ground car parking during the normal
mode of operation.

CO sensors will be provided at all car parking basements to monitor the level of carbon monoxide incase
the level exceeds a set point, the jet fans will operate at higher speed and hence increase the air
changes per hour to maintain an acceptable CO level.

Jet fans serving basement car parking will be supported by emergency power supply.

G. TOILETS VENTILATION

All toilets will be provided with centralized mechanical toilet exhaust system. Centralized toilet exhaust
fans arrangement will be used for toilet ventilation. The exhaust air will be compensated by conditioned
air from adjacent areas.

H. FOOD COURT KITCHENS GREASE EXHAUST

Each kitchen of the food court will be provided with electrostatic precipitator (ESP) filter followed by
built‐in ozone generator lamps for odor removal and exhaust fan to discharge the air in the main
exhaust duct leading towards to the top roof level for ultimate disposal. The provision of ESP filter unit
will clean almost 95% of the kitchen hood exhaust subject to the provision of proper baffle filter in the
hood which shall be in the scope of tenant.

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I. SMOKE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1. Staircase Pressurization:

Staircase pressurization will be managed by using mechanical pressurization in an event of fire with
multiple induction points thereby discharging air at each floor level. The fan will be provided with a
variable frequency drive and will be sized to supply and keep a balance of 1000 cfm per door (size
determined will all doors closed) with a pressure differential of not less than 0.05 inch w.c.

a) Sequence of operation for Staircase Pressurization:

i. The system is initiated by a signal from the fire alarm panel due to activation of either a
public space smoke sensor or sprinkler flow switch.
ii. Dedicated Smoke Sensor: In areas without full area smoke detection, provide smoke
sensor within 3 m (10 ft.) of stair enclosure exit doors to activate system.
iii. Upon activation the supply damper fully opens and staircase pressurization fans start.

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2. Smoke Evacuation, Pressurization and Mechanical Ventilation:

Architectural plans will be consulted to identify the safe evacuation passages during fire emergency and
to locate the smoke exhaust zones leading towards pressurized staircases. Each smoke zone will be
provided with makeup air which will be not less than 70% of exhaust rate. Smoke zones will be
maintained at higher pressure than the spaces to be evacuated but at lower pressure to be maintained
in staircases. Every smoke zone will be provided with hard‐ducted mechanical smoke exhaust system
with motor operated, low leakage, automatic reset dampers. The supply air grill will be separate from
the exhaust grill and configured such that it is against the direction of egress so that the evacuation path
remains smoke free in accordance with MDS Module 14. In case of fire smoke exhaust air will be
provided at a minimum of 12 Air Changes per Hour which can subsequently increase in larger spaces.

a) Sequence of operation in Public areas:

i. In case of fire, the smoke exhaust system will be initiated automatically by a signal from
the fire alarm panel when an area smoke sensor is activated.
ii. The discharge damper will fully open and the fan starts and provides 100% exhaust to
exterior.
iii. In areas where makeup air is not readily available for example conference rooms,
ballroom etc., the return damper of the HVAC system serving the smoke zone closes and
the supply fan reduces to 50% outside air.
iv. During the event of fire AHU supply from effected floor should be suspended.
v. Other Zones: Supply, return and exhaust fans for HVAC systems in other zones remain in
normal operating mode.

J‐ BMS SYSTEM

The complete HVAC system will be monitored by the dedicated BMS control system. As per detail of this
system each Air Handling Unit will be provided with standalone type Direct Digital Control (DDC) based
control system and each DDC Controller will be linked with the global controller, through multi‐core
shielded wire, which will in turn hooked up with the host Computer for continuous monitoring and
planning for preventive maintenance of the whole plant. Similar to AHUs each Fan Coil Unit (FCU) will
also be provided with DDC based thermostatic controllers which will also be linked up with the global
controller to be monitored continuously. The main plant will also be controlled with an optimization
control system which will automatically manage & monitor the operation of the main plant at its best
efficiency point throughout the year in pursuance of hourly demand load and weather conditions.

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