LLM Routing

Day 1 of 4

1 ANSHUMAN JHA
 Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. What is Model Routing?
3. How Does Model Routing Work?
4. Why is Model Routing Important?
5. Detailed Sample Code
5.1 Set Up the Environment
5.2 Set Up API Keys
5.3 Define the Models
5.4 Implement the Router Logic
5.5 Test the Model Router
5.6 Analyze the Results
6. Conclusion
7. Example Google Colab Notebook

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 1. Introduction

Welcome to the first day of the Basic LLM

Routing Tutorial series.

In this tutorial, we will dive into the concept

of Model Routing, exploring what it is, how
it works, and why it's essential in the world
of AI and large language models (LLMs).

We'll provide a solid foundation to prepare

you for the more advanced topics covered
in the subsequent days of this series.

3 ANSHUMAN JHA
 2. What is Model Routing?

Model Routing refers to the process of

dynamically directing requests to the most
suitable machine learning model based on
specific criteria like input type, complexity,
desired response time, or available
computational resources.

In the context of Large Language Models

(LLMs), routing can help manage resources
more effectively by determining which model
should handle a particular request, optimizing
for cost, performance, and accuracy.

For instance, if a query is simple and can be

handled by a smaller, faster model, the router
will direct the query to that model.
Next page

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On the other hand, if a query requires deeper
contextual understanding, it might be routed to
a more complex model, such as GPT-3.5 or
GPT-4.

This process helps balance the trade-offs

between computational cost and response
quality.

5 ANSHUMAN JHA
 3. How Does Model Routing
Work?
Model Routing typically involves the
following components:
1. Router: The decision-making unit that
analyzes incoming requests and
determines the appropriate model to
handle them.
2. Models: Different LLMs or specialized
models that can process requests.
3. Criteria: The parameters or rules that
guide the router's decision, such as the
nature of the input data, expected
output, latency constraints, or resource
availability.
4. Orchestrator: A system or framework
that oversees the routing process,
ensuring that requests are handled
smoothly and efficiently.

6 ANSHUMAN JHA
 4. Why is Model Routing
Important?

In With the growing complexity and variety

of tasks that LLMs are being used for, Model
Routing provides a way to:
• Optimize Costs: By directing simpler tasks
to less resource-intensive models, you can
reduce operational costs.

• Improve Latency: Routing time-sensitive

requests to faster models can help meet
strict latency requirements.

• Enhance Resource Management: By

balancing workloads across models, you
can make better use of available
computational resources.

• Maintain Accuracy: Complex queries are

routed to models that are more capable of
providing accurate and contextually
appropriate responses.
7 ANSHUMAN JHA
 5. Detailed Sample Code

Let's explore a basic implementation of

Model Routing using a Google Colab
notebook.

In this example, we'll simulate a simple

router that decides which model to use
based on the length of the input text.

We'll use OpenAI's GPT-3.5 and GPT-4O-MINI

models to demonstrate this concept.

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 5.1 Set Up the Environment

First, we'll need to install the necessary

libraries and set up the environment.

We'll be using the openai package to

interact with the models.
# Install the required packages
!pip install openai

# Import necessary libraries

import openai
import os

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 5.2 Set Up API Keys

Make sure to set your OpenAI API key.

You can obtain this key from the OpenAI

platform.

# Set your OpenAI API key

openai.api_key = os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")

# Alternatively, you can set it directly like this:

# openai.api_key = "your-openai-api-key"

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 5.3 Define the Models

We'll define the models we're going to use.

In this case, GPT-3.5 for more complex

queries and GPT-4O-MINI for simpler ones.

# Define the models

models = {
"complex_model": "gpt-3.5-turbo",
"simple_model": "gpt-2"
}

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 5.4 Implement the Router Logic

Next, we'll implement the router logic.

Our simple router will check the length of the
input text and decide which model to use.
def route_request(prompt):
"""
Routes the request to the appropriate
model based on the input length.

Parameters:
prompt (str): The input text for the model.

Returns:
str: The model response.
"""
# If the prompt has more than 50 words,
use GPT-4o
if len(prompt.split()) > 50:
model = models["complex_model"]
else: # Otherwise, use GPT-4o-mini
model = models["simple_model"]

response = openai.Completion.create(
model=model,
prompt=prompt,
max_tokens=100
)

return response.choices[0].text.strip()
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 5.5 Test the Model Router
Let's test the router with different prompts
to see how it works.
# Simple prompt (less than 50 words)

simple_prompt = "Explain the concept of Model Routing."

simple_response = route_request(simple_prompt)

print("Response from Simple Model:\n", simple_response)

# Complex prompt (more than 50 words)

complex_prompt = "Explain in detail how Model Routing can

help in optimizing the usage of different machine
learning models in a production environment, considering
factors like cost, latency, and accuracy."

complex_response = route_request(complex_prompt)

print("Response from Complex Model:\n", complex_response)

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 5.6 Analyze the Results

In this step, you'll see that the router directs

the simpler prompt to GPT-4o-mini, and the
more complex one to GPT-4o.

This basic example demonstrates how

routing can optimize the use of different
models based on input characteristics.

14 ANSHUMAN JHA
 Conclusion
In this first part of our series, we've
introduced the concept of Model Routing
and explored how it can be used to optimize
the performance, cost, and resource
management of AI systems.

We've also walked through a basic

implementation in a Google Colab notebook,
providing a hands-on example of how to get
started with model routing.

In the next tutorial, we will take a deeper

dive into the step-by-step process of setting
up model routing in a more complex
scenario, building upon the foundation laid
today. Stay tuned!

15 ANSHUMAN JHA
 Link of collab Notebook

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 Basic_LLM_Routing_Tutorial_Day_1

August 22, 2024

1 Basic LLM Routing Tutorial: Day-1

1.1 Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. What is Model Routing?
3. How Does Model Routing Work?
4. Why is Model Routing Important?
5. Detailed Sample Code
• 5.1 Set Up the Environment
• 5.2 Set Up API Keys
• 5.3 Define the Models
• 5.4 Implement the Router Logic
• 5.5 Test the Model Router
• 5.6 Analyze the Results
6. Conclusion
#1. Introduction ###Welcome to the first day of the Basic LLM Routing Tutorial series.
###In this tutorial, we will dive into the concept of Model Routing, exploring what it is, how it
works, and why it’s essential in the world of AI and large language models (LLMs).
###We’ll provide a solid foundation to prepare you for the more advanced topics covered in the
subsequent days of this series.
#2. What is Model Routing?
###Model Routing refers to the process of dynamically directing requests to the most suitable
machine learning model based on specific criteria like input type, complexity, desired response time,
or available computational resources.
###In the context of Large Language Models (LLMs), routing can help manage resources more
effectively by determining which model should handle a particular request, optimizing for cost,
performance, and accuracy.
###For instance, if a query is simple and can be handled by a smaller, faster model, the router
will direct the query to that model.
###On the other hand, if a query requires deeper contextual understanding, it might be routed
to a more complex model, such as GPT-3.5 or GPT-4.
###This process helps balance the trade-offs between computational cost and response quality.

1
 #3. How Does Model Routing Work? ###Model Routing typically involves the following
components: 1. Router: The decision-making unit that analyzes incoming requests and determines
the appropriate model to handle them. 2. Models: Different LLMs or specialized models that
can process requests. 3. Criteria: The parameters or rules that guide the router’s decision, such
as the nature of the input data, expected output, latency constraints, or resource availability. 4.
Orchestrator: A system or framework that oversees the routing process, ensuring that requests
are handled smoothly and efficiently

2 4. Why is Model Routing Important?

###In With the growing complexity and variety of tasks that LLMs are being used for, Model
Routing provides a way to: • Optimize Costs: By directing simpler tasks to less resource-
intensive models, you can reduce operational costs.
• Improve Latency: Routing time-sensitive requests to faster models can help meet strict latency
requirements.
• Enhance Resource Management: By balancing workloads across models, you can make
better use of available computational resources.
• Maintain Accuracy: Complex queries are routed to models that are more capable of providing
accurate and contextually appropriate responses.

2.1 5. Detailed Sample Code

###Let’s explore a basic implementation of Model Routing using a Google Colab notebook.
###In this example, we’ll simulate a simple router that decides which model to use based on the
length of the input text.
###We’ll use OpenAI’s GPT-4o and GPT-4o-mini models to demonstrate this concept.
##5.1 Set Up the Environment
First, we’ll need to install the necessary libraries and set up the environment.
We’ll be using the openai package to interact with the models.
[ ]: # Install the required packages
!pip install openai==0.28

Requirement already satisfied: openai==0.28 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-

packages (0.28.0)
Requirement already satisfied: requests>=2.20 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-
packages (from openai==0.28) (2.32.3)
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(from openai==0.28) (4.66.5)
Requirement already satisfied: aiohttp in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-
packages (from openai==0.28) (3.10.3)
Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<4,>=2 in
/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from requests>=2.20->openai==0.28)
(3.3.2)

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 Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-
packages (from requests>=2.20->openai==0.28) (3.7)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<3,>=1.21.1 in
/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from requests>=2.20->openai==0.28)
(2.0.7)
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/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from requests>=2.20->openai==0.28)
(2024.7.4)
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/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from aiohttp->openai==0.28) (2.3.5)
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/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from aiohttp->openai==0.28) (1.3.1)
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packages (from aiohttp->openai==0.28) (24.2.0)
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/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from aiohttp->openai==0.28) (1.4.1)
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/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from aiohttp->openai==0.28) (6.0.5)
Requirement already satisfied: yarl<2.0,>=1.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-
packages (from aiohttp->openai==0.28) (1.9.4)
Requirement already satisfied: async-timeout<5.0,>=4.0 in
/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from aiohttp->openai==0.28) (4.0.3)

[ ]: # Import necessary libraries

import openai
import os

##5.2 Set Up API Keys

Make sure to set your OpenAI API key.
You can obtain this key from the OpenAI platform.
[ ]: # Set your OpenAI API key
# openai.api_key = os.getenv("your OpenAI API key")

# Alternatively, you can set it directly like this:

openai.api_key = "your OpenAI API key"

##5.3 Define the Models

We’ll define the models we’re going to use.
In this case, GPT-4o for more complex queries and GPT-4o-mini for simpler ones.
[ ]: # Define the models
models = {
"complex_model": "gpt-4o",
"simple_model": "gpt-4o-mini"
}

3
 ##5.4 Implement the Router Logic
Next, we’ll implement the router logic.
Our simple router will check the length of the input text and decide which model to use.
[ ]: def route_request(prompt):
"""
Routes the request to the appropriate model based on the input length.

Parameters:
prompt (str): The input text for the model.

Returns:
str: The model response.
"""
if len(prompt.split()) > 50: # If the prompt has more than 50 words, use␣
↪GPT-4o

model = models["complex_model"]
# Use ChatCompletion for GPT-4o
response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model=model,
messages=[
{"role": "user", "content": prompt}
],
max_tokens=100
)
return response.choices[0].text.strip()
else: # Otherwise, use GPT-4o-mini
model = models["simple_model"]
# Use ChatCompletion for gpt-4o-mini (chat model)
response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model=model,
messages=[
{"role": "user", "content": prompt}
],
max_tokens=100
)
return response.choices[0].message.content.strip() # Access content for␣
↪chat models

##5.5 Test the Model Router

Let’s test the router with different prompts to see how it works.
[ ]: # Simple prompt (less than 50 words)
simple_prompt = "Explain the concept of Model Routing."
simple_response = route_request(simple_prompt)
print("Response from Simple Model:\n", simple_response)

4
 Response from Simple Model:
Model routing is a concept often discussed in the context of web application
development, particularly in the frameworks that follow the Model-View-
Controller (MVC) architectural pattern. While it might not be universally
defined as a standalone term, it generally pertains to how data models and their
associated routes are organized and managed within an application. Here’s a
breakdown of the concept, including its principles and relevance:

### Key Concepts

1. **MVC Architecture**:
- In the MVC pattern, the application is divided

[ ]: # Complex prompt (more than 50 words)

complex_prompt = "Explain in detail how Model Routing can help in optimizing␣
↪the usage of different machine learning models in a production environment,␣

↪considering factors like cost, latency, and accuracy."

complex_response = route_request(complex_prompt)
print("Response from Complex Model:\n", complex_response)

Response from Complex Model:

Model routing is a technique that optimizes the deployment of multiple machine
learning models in a production environment by intelligently directing incoming
requests to the most appropriate model based on predefined criteria. This
practice is particularly useful in settings where various models may have
different strengths, weaknesses, or operational costs. Here’s a detailed
breakdown of how model routing can optimize usage in production, focusing on
cost, latency, and accuracy.

### 1. Understanding Model Routing

Model routing involves the use of algorithms or rules to determine which machine
##5.6: Analyze the Results
In this step, you’ll see that the router directs the simpler prompt to GPT-4o-mini, and the more
complex one to GPT-4o. This basic example demonstrates how routing can optimize the use of
different models based on input characteristics.

3 6. Conclusion
###In this first part of our series, we’ve introduced the concept of Model Routing and explored
how it can be used to optimize the performance, cost, and resource management of AI systems.
###We’ve also walked through a basic implementation in a Google Colab notebook, providing a
hands-on example of how to get started with model routing.
###In the next tutorial, we will take a deeper dive into the step-by-step process of setting up
model routing in a more complex scenario, building upon the foundation laid today. Stay tuned!