Arrest and Trial of Rizal Hand Outs

THE ARREST AND TRIAL OF
RIZAL
Katipuneros led
by Emilio Jacinto
August 29 - tried to rescue
Katipunan plot to Rizal, however he
rise in arms refused their
against Spain was rescue offer
For 26 days discovered by
(August 6- Father Mariano
September, Gil (Augustinian
1896) Rizal parish priest of
stayed on Tondo)
board the
Castilla
LAST TRIP TO SPAIN
• August 30
- he received a letter from Governor Blanco wishing him “happiness” and
two additional letter of recommendation for the Ministry of War (General Marcelo
de Azcarraga, Philippine born Spaniard) and the Ministry of Colonies
• September 3, 1896
- left Spain on board the steamer Isla de Panay
• September 7
- streamer reached Singapore, a British colony
• Katipunan - a secret revolutionary society
founded by Andres Bonifacio
• Dr. Pio Valenzuela - secret emissary of

Katipunan to Dapitan
• Don Pedro Roxas and other Filipino friends in Singapore tried to persuade him to escape
from the clutches of Spain however he refused again
• Mr. Fort- English lawyer

The crux of Mr. Font’s legal contention was Rizal was “illegally detained” on the Spanish
steamer
IN BARCELONA
• When the steamer arrived in Barcelona
on October 3, 1896, Rizal remained
there for three days and was transferred
to Montjuich Castle on October 6, 1896
• November 3 - the steamer Colon arrived
in Manila and was immediately transferred
to Fort Santiago
TORTURED:
• *Deodato Arellano
• *Domingo Franco
• *Dr. Pio Valenzuela Rizal’s brother Paciano was tortured
• *Timoteo Paez
to go against his brother but he refused to
• *Moises Salvador
• *Paciano(cruelly tortured)
• *Jose Dizon
 Rizal was subjected to a grueling five-day
investigation.
 He was informed of charges against him, he
answered the questions asked by Judge Advocate,
Colonel Francisco Olive, but he was not permitted
to confront those who testified against him.
• The military court that tried Rizal was
composed of six officers and was presided
over by Colonel Jose Tagores Arjona
• The preliminary investigation was conducted
by a special judge , Colonel Rafael Dominguez
• Evidences presented during the PI had been gathered
by Captain Francisco de Oliva
• 2 kinds of evidence
* 15 documentary
* 15 testimonial
DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCES
1. A letter from Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce dated Oct. 16, 1888, Madrid.
2. A letter of Rizal to his family dated Aug. 20, 1890, Madrid.
3. A letter from M.H. Del Pilar to Deodato Arellano dated Jan 7, 1889, Madrid
4. A poem entitled “Kundiman” allegedly written by Rizal.
5. A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person, Sept. 18, 1891.
6. A Masonic document dated Feb. 9, 1892.
7. A letter signed “Dimasalang” to Ten Luz (Juan Zulueta) dated May 24, 1892, H.K.
8. A letter signed Dimasalang to unidentified committee dated June 1, 1892, Hong Kong.
DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
9. An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of the

Hong Kong Telegraph.
10.A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Sept. 3,
1892.
11.A letter of Rizal Segundo, dated Sept. 17, 1893.
12.A letter to M.H. Del Pilar to Juan A. Tenluz
DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
13.A transcript of the speech of Pinkian (Emilio

Jacinto) in a meeting of the Katipunan on July 23,
1893.
14.Transcript of a speech Tik-Tol (Jose Turiano
Santiago) during the same Katipunan meeting.
15.A poem by Laon Laan (Rizal) entitled A Talisay.
TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE
➢ Domingo Franco ➢ Martin Constantino
➢ Jose Dizon ➢ Aguedo del Rosario
➢ Jose Reyes ➢ Ambrosio Salvador

➢ Timoteo Paez ➢ Moises Salvador
➢ Dr. Pio Valenzuela ➢ Pedro Serrano Laktaw
➢ Antonio Salazar ➢ Deodato Arellano
➢ Francisco Quison
RECOMMENDATIONS
the accused be brought to trial
he should be kept in prison
an order of attachment be issued against his properties to

the amount of 1 M pesos as indemnity
he should be defended in court by an army officer, not by
civilian lawyer
RIZAL ‘S DEFENDER
Don Luis Taviel de Andrade
- 1st lieutenant of the artillery served as his defender
in court
-brother of Jose(Rizal “bodyguard” in Calamba 1887)
• December 11
Rizal’s replies:
1. He did not question the jurisdiction of the court
2. He had nothing to amend, except that since his deportation to
Dapitan in 1892 he had not engaged in politics
3. He did not admit the charges preferred against him
4. He did not admit the declaration of the witnesses against
him
• December 13
- the case against Rizal
was referred to
Governor Camilo C. de
Polavieja, who had just
replaced Governor
Blanco
• December 15
- he wrote a manifesto to his people
appealing to them to stop the
unnecessary shedding of blood and to
achieve their liberties by means of education and
industry.
- It was written in his prison cell at Fort
Santiago
• Judge Advocate Nicolas de la Peña
- recommended to Governor Polavieja that the
manifesto be surpressed. Accordingly its publication
• December 26, 1896
- he who was accustomed to
spend this merry season in the
company of his beloved family of
dear friends, found himself
alone and depressed in a dreary
cell.
RIZAL WAS ACCUSED OF 3 CRIMES
Crimes AND ITS PENALTY
1. rebellion
2. sedition
3. illegal association
• Penalty:
❖Life imprisonment- death for rebellion and sedition
❖ correctional imprisonment and a fine of 325 to 3250 pesetas for
illegal association (December 26, 1896)
In his preliminary defense, he further proved his innocence by twelve points

RIZAL WAS ACCUSED OF 3 CRIMES
Crimes AND ITS PENALTY
1. rebellion
2. sedition
3. illegal association
• Penalty:
❖Life imprisonment- death for rebellion and sedition
❖ correctional imprisonment and a fine of 325 to 3250 pesetas for
illegal association (December 26, 1896)
In his preliminary defense, he further proved his innocence by twelve points

• December 26, 1896(8:00 am)
- the court martial of Rizal started in the military building called Cuartel de
España
- The military court, in spite of Rizal’s additional defenses, remained
indifferent.
• Lt. Co.Arjona closed the trial and ordered the clearing of the court hall
• After a short deliberation, the seven members of the military court voted unanimously
for the death of Rizal on the same day.
• December 28
- Gov. Polavieja approved the decision of the court martial and
ordered the execution of Rizal on December 30th at
Bagumbayan Field (Luneta)
• 7 members of military court:
• Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona (pres)

• Capt. Ricardo Muños Arias
• Capt. Manuel Reguera
• Capt. Santiago Izquierdo
• Capt. Braulio Rodriguez Nuñez
• Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano
• Capt. Fernando Perez Rodriguez

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THE ARREST AND TRIAL OF

• Dr. Pio Valenzuela - secret emissary of

• Mr. Fort- English lawyer

9. An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of the

13.A transcript of the speech of Pinkian (Emilio

➢ Domingo Franco ➢ Martin Constantino

➢ Jose Dizon ➢ Aguedo del Rosario

➢ Jose Reyes ➢ Ambrosio Salvador

the accused be brought to trial

he should be kept in prison

an order of attachment be issued against his properties to

In his preliminary defense, he further proved his innocence by twelve points

In his preliminary defense, he further proved his innocence by twelve points

• Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona (pres)

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