EB8 HI1 EYAnnexure Risk Assessment

Proposed Multi-product SEZ/Industrial Park at Gopalpur, Odisha by M/s Tata Steel SEZ Limited
Risk Assessment
1 Safety Management Plan
During construction, erection, testing, commissioning, operation and maintenance, the
manpower, materials and machines are the basic inputs. The proposed development of
multi-product SEZ/Industrial Park at Gopalpur area generally has problems related to
occupational health and safety. Hence management proposes to take steps to minimize the
impacts from the proposed development of industrial parkto ensure appropriate
occupational health, safety including fire plans by adapting occupational health &safety
measures as per standard procedures &local guidelines. All these activities again may be
classified based on activities which needs attention during construction, erection, operation
and maintenance phases.
Over-exertion, ergonomic injuries and illnesses caused due to repetitive motion and
manual handling are among the most common during construction. The proper steps for
their prevention and control include:
 Training to be given to the workers regarding the lifting of materials &handling,
placement of weight limits, planning of work, selection of tools and
implementation of administrative controls in the site for the development.
 Implementation of good house-keeping practices, such as the sorting and placing
loose construction materials or demolition debris in identified areas away from
foot paths.
 A fall protection plan will be implemented for the persons who will work in
heights and also depending on the nature and aspects of the fall hazard.
 Appropriate techniques and measures will be taken for the prevention and
control of hazards caused by the objects and moving machinery in proposed site
during constructional phase.
 Suitable dust suppression techniques will be implemented like water spraying to
minimize dust from vehicle movements and also proper Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) used at excessive levels.
a) Policy
The employees safety policy includes the following:
 Contact their immediate supervisors according to individual department policies.
What happened will be sorted out through the accident reporting and
investigation process.
 The supervisor or employee should cause the following to be completed:
a. Obtain the names, addresses, and phone numbers (work and home) of any
witnesses. Interview the witnesses and prepare a report including statements from
the witnesses. The report should include any suggestions to prevent a similar
accident or incident from occurring in the future.
Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 1
b. Take photographs of the property damage or defect. A sufficient number of photos
should be taken to fully describe the damage to a person who has not been at the
scene.
c. Prepare a report of the incident with all necessary information. The reports should be
prepared to reflect the seriousness of the incident.
d. Fill appropriate forms for future use.
e. If individual department procedures include all of the information required by this
policy, that document can be utilized to fulfill these requirements.
f. This policy is in addition to a worker’s compensation reporting requirements.
Appropriate risk management strategies will be implemented to protect the community

from physical, chemical, or other hazards associated with sites through a combination
ofinstitutional and administrative controls by adopting the community health and safety
measures as per Standard Procedures & Local Guidelines provided for community health
and safety.
To control communicable and vector-borne diseases attributable in the proposed site are
not potentially serious health threat to project personnel and residents of local
communities. The investigation facilities are available to monitor all the employees for
the occupational health diseases expected due the production activities in the Industrial
Parkpremises and also maintaining periodical check-up of our all workers from certified
Industrial & Occupational Health physician. The industrial park will maintain the first aid
box with sufficient medicines to face any emergency in the industrial premises.
The problem of occupational health in the operation and maintenance phase of member
industriesis due to noise hearing losses. The personal protective equipment will be given to
all the workers.
The working personnel are given the following personnel protective equipment as
appropriate to their working environment.
 Industrial safety helmet
 Face shield with replacement acrylic vision
 Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends
 Welders equipment for eye and face protection
 Ear muffs
 Canister gas mask
 Self-contained breathing apparatus
 Leather apron
 Full body safety harness
 Leather hand gloves
 Acid/Alkali proof rubberized hand gloves

 Electrically tested electrical resistance hand glovesand
 Industrial safety shoes.
Emergency medical facilities are available round the clock for attending emergency arising
out of accidents, if any. All working personnel are medically examined at least once in every
year and at the end of his term of employment.
b) Safety Plan
Safety of both men and materials during construction and operational phases is of concern.
The preparedness in the proposed site for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as
emergency plan. The disaster in the proposed site may be possible due to leakage of
hazardous fuels like HSD, collapse of structures and fire/explosion etc.
Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and maintenance
phases, developer/common facilitator propose to formulate the safety policy and the same
will be further strengthening after establishment of theproposed SEZ/Industrial Park
The safety policy is based on the following regulations:

 To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions of work.
 To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the
design, construction, operation and maintenance of member industries, machinery
and equipment.
 To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees.
 To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and
clothing and to ensure their proper use.
 To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work
which are known to be hazardous.
 To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making
necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and
upto date knowledge.
 To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and
illness at work.
 To provide appropriate instruction, training, retraining and supervision to employees
in health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these
matters.
 To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate
firefighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this
service.
 To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness and
incident involving people injury or injury to health with a view to taking corrective,
remedial and preventive action.
 To promote through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and
safety matters to ensure effective participation by all employees.
 To publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language of
employees.
 To prepare separate safety rules for each type of occupation/processes involved in a
proposed industrial park and to ensure regular safety inspection by a competent
person at suitable intervals of all buildings, equipment, work places and operations
in all member industries.
2 Safety Organization
 Construction and Erection Phase
A qualified and experienced safety officer shall be appointed by the member industries and
for the entire Industrial Park. The responsibilities of the safety officers include identification
of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of workers and advice on corrective actions,
conduct safety audit, organize training programs and provide professional expert advice on
various issues related to occupational safety and health. He is also responsible to ensure
compliance of safety rules/statutory provisions. In addition to employment of safety officer
by industry every contractor, who employs more than 250 workers, in the proposed site for
the industrial park/member industry shall also employ one safety officer to ensure safety of
the worker, in accordance with the conditions of contract.
 Operation and Maintenance Phase

When the construction is completed the posting of safety officers shall be in accordance
with the requirement of Factories Act and their duties and responsibilities shall be as
defined thereof.
A training center shall be set up at the proposed SEZ/Industrial Park. Safety training shall be
provided by the safety officer with the assistance of external faculty members called from
professional safety institutions and universities. In addition to regular employees, contract
labors shall also be provided safety training. To create safety awareness safety films shall be
shown to workers and leaflets etc.
3 Disaster Management Plan (DMP)

A disaster is called when following one or the other or more incidents occur:
i) Risk of loss of human lives-ten or more in one single situation
ii) A situation which goes beyond the control of available resource of the
plant.
iii) Loss of property as a consequence of the incident is over Rs.1 Crore
and/or bears a potential to the above.
iv) A situation apparently may not have much loss but its long-term severity
can affect loss of life, production and property.
Disasters occur due to:

i). Emergencies on account of:
- Fire

- Explosion
- Spillage of toxic chemicals
- Electrocution
ii) Natural calamity on account of:
- Flood
- Earth quake / Cyclone / Storm / Cloud burst / Lightning
iii). External factor on account of
- Food poisoning
- Sabotage
The objective of the study is to assess the likely hazards and risk associated with process
and preparation of preliminary Disaster Management Plan (DMP).These guidelines would
be in addition to the guidelines issued by the National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA) which are available athttp://ndma.gov.in/ndma/guidelines.html.The main
objectives of DMP are:-
 To control and contain the incident/accident and if possible, eliminate it.
 To minimize the effects of the incident on persons, property and environment.
On-site Disaster
If an accident/incident takes place within the proposed project site and its effects are
confined to the premises, involving only the persons working in the proposed project
siteand the property inside the proposed project site, it is called as on-site disaster.
Off - siteDisaster
If the accident is such that its affects inside the proposed project siteare uncontrollable
and it may spread outside the premises, it is called as off-site disaster.
- On-Site Disaster Management Plan
Main Elements of On-site Emergency Plans
- Leadership and administration.
- Role and responsibilities of key personnel.
- Emergency action.
- Light and power.
- Source of energy control.
- Protective and rescue equipment.
- Communication.
- Medical care.
- Public relation.
- Protection of vital records.
- Training.
- Periodical revision of plan.
Action Plan for On-Site Disaster Management Plan

 Designated control center/room
 Key personnel
a) Control Centre
This is the main center from where the operations to handle the emergency are directed
and coordinated. Facilities to be made available in the control centre are:-
i) Internal and external communication.

ii) Computer and other essential records.
iii) Daily attendance of workers employed.
iv) Storage of hazardous material records and manufacturing records.
v) Pollution records.
vi) Walky-talky.
vii) Plan of the plant showing:-
a. Storage area of hazardous materials.
b. Storage of safety equipment.
c. Firefighting system and additional source of water.
d. Site entrance, roadway and emergency exist.
e. Assembly points.
f. Truck parking area.
g. Surrounding location.
viii) Note Book, Pad and Pencil.
ix) List of Key Personnel with addresses, telephone number etc.
b) Fire Prevention Facilities

The unit will be provided with appropriate firefighting equipment including pumps for
emergency requirement in the power plant. Any one or combination of the following
system will protect all yards and plant.
 Hydrant system
 High velocity and medium velocity sprinkler system.
 Water spray (emulsifier System)
 Foam system.
 Chemical extinguishers.
The system will be designed as per the recommendations of Tariff Advisory Committee of
Insurance Association of India. Applicable codes and Standards of National Fire
Prevention Association (NFPA), USA, would also be followed.
 Hydrant System
A ring header, hydrants and hose stations will provide general plant protection.

 Transformer Protection
High velocity water spray system is proposed for the generator transformers and station
transformers. Water supply for this system will be tapped off from dedicated high
velocity sprinkler system with separate pumps.
 Fuel Protection System

The fuel unloading area, DM plant area, cooling tower area, STG area and boiler area will
be protected from fire hazard through fire hydrant system. Two nos. of firewater pumps
are envisaged, which will be installed in the pump house. One centrifugal pump driven by
electrical motor is provided for high velocity sprinkler system. One jockey pump along
with hydropneumatic tank will also be installed to maintain pressure in the fire hydrant
lines. In addition to above, adequate number of portable fire extinguishers will be
installed at strategic locations throughout the plant.
 Fire Alarm System

A fire alarm system would provide visual and audible alarms in power plant for fire
detection at the incipient stage. The system would comprise manual call points located at
strategic locations in areas which are normally manned, and automatic smoke & heat
detectors located at important points such as cable vaults, control rooms, switchgear
rooms etc. to detect fire at an early stage and provide visual and audible alarm.
c) Assembly Points
A safe place should be pre-determined as assembly point where in case of emergency
personnel evacuated from the affected areas are to be assembled. The workers, contract
workers and visitors should assemble in assembly point in case of emergency and the
time office clerk should take their attendance so as to assess the missing persons during
emergency.
3.1 The Key Personnel for onsite emergency

1. Works main controller.
2. Works incident controller.
3. Other key officers
a. Communication officer
b. Security and fire officer
c. Telephone operators
d. Medical officer
e. Personnel/administrative officer
f. Essential work team leaders
1. Works Main Controller

The General Manager of the plant should act as main controller. His duties are to:
i. Assess the magnitude of the situation and decide whether
the evacuation of staff from the plant is needed.

ii. Exercise and direct operational control over areas other than those affected.
iii. Maintain a continuous review of possible development and assess in consultation with
work incident controller and other key personnel.
iv. Liaison with police, fire service, medical services, factory inspectorate and other Govt.
agencies.
v. Direct and control rehabilitation of affected area after emergency.
vi. Intimate off-site emergency controller if the emergency spreads beyond the factory
premises and likely to affect the surrounding area.
vii. Ensure that evidence is preserved for enquiries to be conducted by statutory
authorities.
The works main controller will declare the emergency and he will instruct gate office to
operate the emergency siren after assessing the gravity of the situation.
2. Work Incident Controller (WIC)

He is the next responsible officer after the works main controller. Generally the
supervisor is designated as work incident controller. In case of emergency he will rush to
the place of occurrence and take overall charge and report to the works main controller
by personnel communication system like cell phones or walky-talky and inform about the
magnitude of emergency. He will assess the situation and considering the magnitude of
emergency he will take decision and inform communication officer to communicate the
news of emergency to different agencies. He will give direction to stop all operations
within the affected area. He will take the charge of main controller till the main controller
arrives. He will order for shutdown and evacuation of workers and staffs from affected
area. He will inform all Key Personnel and all outside agency for help. He will inform
security and fire officers and state fire services. He will ensure that all non-essential
workers/staff are evacuated to assembly point and areas searched for casualties. He will
report all significant development to communication officer. Moreover he will advise to
preserve evidence of emergency into the cause of emergency.
3. Other Key Personnel and their Duties

a. Communication Officer. On hearing the emergency siren/alarm he will proceed to the
control center and communicate to work incident controller. He will collect information
from the emergency affected area and send correct message to work main controller for
declaration of emergency. He will maintain a log book of incident. He will contact all
essential departments. He will take stock of the meteorological condition from local
meteorological Department. He will communicate all information as directed by works
main controller.
b. Security and Fire Officer. The security or fire officer will be responsible for the fire
fighting. On hearing the emergency alarm/siren, he will reach the incident area with fire
and security staff. Immediately after arrival to the emergency area, he will inform
through telephone or walky-talky to the communication officer. He will inform to the

work incident controller about the situation and requirement of outside help like state
fire service and other members. At the site, the entire fire squad member will respond to
the advice and information given by the works incident controller. The security will
control the visitors and the vehicle entry.
c. Telephone Operator. In case of fire is discovered but no emergency siren is operated,

he shall ensure the information about the location of the fire/emergency incident from
the persons discovered/notices the above and communicate to different key personnel
immediately with clear message.
d. Medical Officer. Medical officer with his team will report to the works incident
controller on hearing the fire/emergency siren immediately. The ambulance will be
parked nearest to the site of incident. Name of injured and other casualties carried to the
Hospital will be recorded and handed over to works incident controller. The ambulance
will carry the injured to the nearest hospital for treatment.
e. Personnel/Administrative Officer. He should work as a liaison officer liaisoning with

works main controller and other essential departments such as police, press and
statutory authorities. His responsibilities shall include:-
- To ensure that casualties receive adequate attention to arrange additional help if
required and inform relatives.
- To control traffic movement into the factory and ensure that alternative transport is
available when needed.
- When emergency is prolonged, arrange for the relief of personnel and organize
refreshment and catering facilities.
- Arrange for finance for the expenditure to handle the emergency.
Alarm System
Alarm system varies and will depend on the size of the works area - simple fire bell, hand
operated siren – break open type, fire alarm etc. Automatic alarm may be needed for
highly hazardous nature of industries in the IA.
Communication System
Communication is a key component to control an emergency. The following
communication system may be provided in the project
 Walky-Talky.
 Telephone (internal & external).
 Cell phone.
 Intercom/paging.
 Runners (verbal or written messages).

Siren for Emergency

Siren for emergency should be different from the normal siren. The emergency siren
should be audible to a distance of 5km radius. The emergency siren should be used only
in case of emergency.
Escape Route
The escape route from each and every plant should be clearly marked. The escape route
is the shortest route to reach out of the plant area to open area, which leads to assembly
point. This route should be indicated on the layout plan attached to the on-site
management plan.
Evacuation
All non-essential staff should be evacuated from the emergency site. As soon as the
emergency siren rings the workers have to shut down the SEZ/IP and move to the
assembly point. The shutdown procedure in case of emergency should be prepared and
kept ready and responsible persons should be nominated for the purpose.
Counting of Personnel
All personnel working in the SEZ/IP should be counted. Time office persons should collect
the details of personnel arriving at the assembly point. These should be checked with the
attendances of regular workers, contract workers present in the site on the day of
emergency. The accident control should be informed and arrangement should be made
for searching missing persons in the emergency affected area. The employees address,
contact number of next to kin should be maintained in the time office so that during
emergency relatives of those affected due to emergency may be informed accordingly.
Information in respect of emergency should be given to the media and other agency.
All Clear Signal

After control of emergency the work incident controller will communicate to the works
main controller about the cessation of emergency. The main controller can declare all
clear by instructing the time office to sound “All Clear Sirens”.
Emergency facilities
The following facilities should be provided to tackle any emergency at any time.
 Fire protection and firefighting facilities
 Emergency lighting and standby power
 Emergency equipment and rescue equipment
 Breathing apparatus with compressed air cylinder
 Fire proximity suit
 Resuscitator
 Water gel Blanket
 Low temperature suit

 First aid kit

 Stretchers
 Torches
 Ladders
 Safety equipment
a. Respirators
b. Gum boots
c. Safety helmets
d. Asbestos rubber hand gloves
e. Goggles and face shield
f. Toxic gas measuring instruments
g. Explosive meter
h. Oxygen measuring instruments
i. Toxic gas measuring instrument
j. Wind direction indicator
On-site Emergency Plan Should Contain-

1. Site plan and topographic plan
2. Plan showing the firefighting facilities
3. Plan showing hazardous material storage area
4. Material safety data sheets for hazardous chemicals
5. Facilities available in main control center
6. List of emergency equipment
7. List of safety equipment
8. List of important telephone numbers and addresses
i. Nearest hospitals and ambulance service center
ii. Nearest fire station
iii. Govt. officials
iv. Transport provider
9. Names and address & contact telephone number of key personnel
The on-site emergency plan so prepared shall be documented in a printed form in

sufficient copies to give all concerned for knowledge, study and easy follow up. The
emergency plan shall be rehearsed and practiced at regular intervals to test efficiency of
personnel, equipment coordinated efforts and to increase confidence and experience to
operate such plan. The plan so prepared should be updated annually and uploaded in the
factory website for easy reference.
3.2 Off-site Disaster Management Plan

The main objectives of the off-site emergency plan are:-
i. To save lives and injuries
ii. To prevent or reduce property losses and
iii. To provide for quick resumption of normal situation or operation.
Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996

prescribes for the constitution of the State Crisis Group as apex body at the State Level to
deal with major chemical accidents and to provide expert guidance for handling major
chemical accidents. Schedule 7 and Schedule 8 of the Chemical Accidents (Emergency
Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996 prescribes for the constitution of
District and Local Crisis Groups.
The composition of the District Crisis Group has been prescribed under the
chairpersonship of District Collector and Local Crisis Group under the chairpersonship of
Sub-Divisional Magistrate. The District Crisis Group shall meet every forty five days and
send a report to the State Crisis Group. The Local Crisis Group shall meet every month
and forward a copy of the proceedings to the District Crisis Group.
A. Functions of the State Crisis Group

i) Review all district off-site emergency plans in the State with a view to examine its
adequacy in accordance with the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous
Chemical, Rules and forward a report to the Central Crisis Group once in three months .
ii) Assist the state government in managing chemical accidents at a site.
iii) Assist the state government in the planning, preparedness and mitigation of major
chemical accidents at a site in the state.
iv) Continuously monitor the post-accident situation arising out of a major chemical
accident in the state and forward a report to the Central Crisis Group.
v) Review the progress report submitted by the District Crisis Groups.
vi) Respond to queries addressed to it by the District Crisis Groups.
vii) Publish a list of experts and officials in the state who are concerned with the
management of chemical accidents.
B. Functions of the District Crisis Group

i. Assist the preparation of the district off-site emergency plan.
ii. Review all the on-site emergency plans prepared by the occupier of major accident
hazards installation for the preparation of the district off-site emergency plan.
iii. Assist the district administration in the management of chemical accidents at a site
lying within the district.
iv. Continuously monitor every chemical accident.
v. Ensure continuous information flow from the district to the Centre and State Crisis
Group regarding accident situation and mitigation efforts.
vi. Forward a report of the chemical accident within fifteen days to the State Crisis Group.
vii. Conduct at least one full scale mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site each year and
forward a report of the strength and the weakness of the plan to the State Crisis Group.

C) Functions of the Local Crisis Group

a) Prepare local emergency plan for the industrial pocket.
b) Ensure dovetailing of local emergency plan with the district off-site emergency plan.
c) Train personnel involved in chemical accident management.
d) Educate the population likely to be affected in a chemical accident about the remedies
and existing preparedness in the area.
e) Conduct at least one full scale mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site every six
months and forward a report to the District Crisis Group.
f) Respond to all public inquiries on the subject.
Central Control Committee

As the offsite plan is to be prepared by the government, a Central Control Committee
shall be formed under the chairmanship of the District Collector. Other officers from
police, fire Service, factory inspectorate, medical department shall be incorporated as
members of the Central Control Committee. Under the Central Control Committee the
following committees shall be constituted under the control of the District Collector.
i. Incident and Environment Control Committee

ii. Fire Control Committee
iii. Traffic control, Law and order, Evacuation and Rehabilitation Committee
iv. Medical Help, Ambulance and Hospital Committee
v. Welfare, Restoration and Resumption Committee
vi. Utility and Engineering Services Committee
vii. Press, Publicity and Public Relations Committee
The off-site emergency plan shall be prepared by the District Magistrate in consultation
with the factory management and Govt. agencies. The plan contains up-to-date details of
outside emergency services and resources such as fire services, hospitals, police etc. with
telephone number. The district authorities are to be included in the plan area.
a. Police Department
b. Revenue Department
c. Fire Brigade
d. Medical Department
e. Municipality
f. Gram Panchayat
g. Railway Department
h. Telephone Department
i. Factory Department
j. Electricity Department
k. Pollution Control Department
l. Explosive Department
m. Press and Media
Mock exercises on off-site plan should be carried out at least once in a year to train the
employees, up to date the plan, observe and rectify deficiencies.Each industrial unit or
group of units should prepare separate emergency preparedness and DMP which will be
in sync with the main DMP of industrial parkincorporating details of action to be taken in
case of any major accident/disaster occurring within the unit. The plan should cover all
types of major accident/occurrences and identify the risk involved in the industry. Mock
drills on the plan should be carried out periodically to make the plan foolproof and
persons are made fully prepared to fight against any incident in the industry. The plan
will vary according to the type of industry and emergency.
3.3 Risk Assessment Plan

Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accident consisting of an
event or sequence of events. Risk (R) can be mathematically expressed as R = fD where R
is the risk (individual or societal), f is the frequency of occurrence of an undesired event
and D is the expected damage distance due to likely occurrence of that unfortunate
event. The main objectives of the study are as follows:
i. Identification of hazard prone area and estimation of damage distance for the
Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) scenarios visualized for storages.
ii. Computation of frequency of occurrence of hazards and evaluation of risk.
iii. Based on the studies, suggest risk mitigation measures and arrive at guidelines
for Disaster Management and Emergency Preparedness Plan (DMP and EPP).
4 Inventory at Site
The inventory at the project site is given in the Table 1
Table 1
Storage Capacity in Project Site for theProposed SEZ/IndustrialPark
No. of Capacity of
Name of Hazardous Materials & Nature of
S.No. Storage storage
Location Hazard
Units (kilo liters)
HSD (High Speed Diesel) Fire & 50
1 2 No (40 MT)
Stored at Utilities Department Explosion
5 Hazard Identification and Preliminary Hazard Analysis

5.1 Introduction to Hazard Identification
Identification of hazards in proposed site is of primary significance in the analysis,
quantification and cost effective control of accidents involving chemicals and process. A
classical definition of hazard states that hazard is in fact the characteristic of
system/plant/process that presents potential for an accident. Hence, all the components
of a system/plant/process need to be thoroughly examined to assess their potential for
initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events, which can be termed

as an accident.
5.2 Identification of Major Hazardous Units

Hazardous substances may be combustible/ flammable in nature. The HSD characteristics
proposed to be stored at the project site are given in Table 2.
Table 2
Summary Table on the Inventories
Codes/ LEL UEL
Chemical TLV FBP MP FP
Label %
HSD
Flamma
(High Speed 800 ppm 215 - 3760 C NA 320 C 0.6 6.0
ble
Diesel)
TLV : Threshold Limit Value FBP : Final Boiling Point
MP : Melting Point FP : Flash Point
UEL : Upper Explosive Limit LEL : Lower Explosive Limit
5.3 Classification Based On Inventory Rating

In order to ensure a steady supply of raw materials, process chemicals and fuels,
adequate inventory of all these materials is maintained at the project site. The quantities
stored and the degrees of hazard in terms of NFPA ratings are given below. The National
Fire Protection Agency, USA (NFPA), on scale 0 to 4 (least to worst), hazard rating is used
as a tool to assess the preliminary hazard potential of a material shown in the Table 3
Table 3
Properties of Fuel Employed
S.No. Raw Material Nh Nf Nr
1 HSD (High Speed Diesel) 1 2 0
From the above table it can be inferred that HSD falls under the category of “moderate”
category of flammability index with Nf being 2.
5.4 Identification of Major Hazard Installations Based on manufacture, storage and

import of hazardous chemical (MSIHC) Rules 1989 and the Amended Rules in 2000
Following accidents in industry in India over the past few decades a specific legislation
covering a major hazard activity has been enforced by Govt. of India in 1989 in
conjunction with Environment Protection Act, 1986. This is referred here as MSIHC Rules
1989 and amendments. For the purpose of identifying major hazard installations the
rules employ certain criteria based on toxic, flammable and explosive properties of
chemicals.
 Besides a list of hazardous substances with their threshold quantities are

provided in Part II of Schedule I of the rules.
 Schedule II of the rules sets out the threshold quantities for isolated storage units.

 Schedule III gives a list of hazardous chemicals with their threshold quantities. In
this schedule different chemicals are classified into distinct groups viz. Group 1 -
Toxic substances, Group 2 -Toxic substances, Group 3 -Highly reactive substances,
Group 4 -Explosive substances and Group 5-Flammable substances.
 Schedule IV of the rules indicate various operations which are hazardous during
production, processing or treatment of organic and inorganic chemicals.
Indicative Criteria for Identification of Toxic, Flammable and Explosive Chemicals (MSIHC
Rules 1989) is given in Table 4
Table 4
Indicative Criteria for Identification of Toxic, Flammable and
Explosive Chemicals (MSIHC Rules 1989 and amended in 2000)
a. Toxic Chemicals
Chemicals having the following values of acute toxicity and which, owing to their
physical and chemical properties, are capable of producing major accident hazards
S. Degree of Medium lethal dose Medium lethal dose by Medium lethal
No. Toxicity by the oral route the dermal route concentration by
(oral toxicity) LD (dermal toxicity) LD inhalation route
50 (mg/kg body 50(mg/kg body weight (four hours) LC50
weight of test of test animals) (mg/l inhalation in
animals) test animals)
1. Extremely 1-50 1-200 0.1-0.5
toxic
2. Highly 51-500 201-2000 0.5-2.0
toxic
b. Flammable Chemicals
i. Flammable gases: Chemicals which in the gaseous state at normal pressure and
when mixed with air become flammable and the boiling point of which at normal
pressure is 20oC or below;
ii. Highly flammable liquids: Chemicals, which have a flash point, lower than 23 oC
and the boiling point of which at normal pressure is above 20 oC.
iii. Flammable liquids :Chemicals which have a flash point lower than 650C and
which remain liquids under pressure, where particular processing conditions,
such as high pressure and high temperature, may create major accident hazards
c. Explosives
Chemicals which may explode under the effect of flame, heat or photo-chemical
conditions or which are more sensitive to shocks or friction than dinitrobenzene.
Based on the indicative criteria inventory (liquids/fuels) stored in proposed site has been
analyzed for applicability of MSIHC Rules 1989and the results are summarized in Table 5

Table 5
Applicability of MSIHC Rules to Storages
Threshold Quantity
*Actual
S. Chemical/ Listed in for Application of
Expected for Application
No. Fuel Schedule Rules 5,7 – 9 and 13
Quantity of Rules 10 - 12
- 15
3 (2(e)(iii),5
1 HSD 560MT 2500 MT 20,000 MT
and 6(1)(a) /)
*Expected Quantity to be Stored for a week
From the above table it can be inferred that HSD tanks does not (with capacity less
than36MT ) attract rules 2(e)(iii), 5 and 6(1)(a) and 7-15, as the stored quantities are less
than that of the stipulated threshold quantities
6 Short Listed Hazards

Based on the preliminary hazard analysis, the following scenarios are short-listed for
consequence analysis to quantify the risks involved. The nature of Hazards that could
occur in proposed site is presented in the Table 6 along with the sources.
Table 6
Short listed Hazards
Nature Of Hazards Sources & Location
Fire Hazards HSD Storage area. Storage & handling of HSD in DG power
house
Explosion Hazard HSD
Fire / explosions due Spillage / transfer of HSD cause explosion due to leakage
to leakage
Accidents due to Connected with all material handling activities and equipment
material handling
equipment
Dust hazard Storage and handling of product concentrate at production
block as well in storage yard
High voltage electrical DG power house, switch yard, HT Motors/ lines
hazard
Fall from height Civil construction works, welding and other hot jobs done at
height.
7 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis

Hazardous substances may be released as a result of failures or catastrophes, causing
possible damage to the surrounding area. This chapter deals with the question of how
the consequences of the release of such substances and the damage to the surrounding
area can be determined by means of models.
A disastrous situation is generally due to outcome of fire, explosion or toxic hazards in

addition to other natural causes, which eventually lead to loss of life, property and
ecological imbalance.
Major hazards posed by hazardous chemical storages can be identified taking recourse to
MCA Analysis. MCA analysis encompasses certain techniques to identify the hazards and
calculate the consequent effects in terms of damage distances of heat radiation, toxic
releases, vapor cloud explosion, etc. A host of probable or potential accidents of the
major units in the complex arising due to use, storage and handling of the hazardous
materials are examined to establish their credibility. Depending upon the effective
hazardous attributes and their impact on the event, the maximum effect on the
surrounding environment and the respective damage caused can be assessed.
Various models for calculating the physical effects of the incidental release of hazardous
substances are detailed subsequently. First, attention is paid to the factors which are
decisive for the selection of the models to be used in a particular situation, after which
the various effect models are discussed.
8 Injuries Resulting From Flammable Liquids

In the case of flammable liquids such as HSD for immediate ignition of a pool fire will
occur. The injuries in this case are mainly caused by heat radiation. Serious injuries as the
result of the shock wave generally do not occur outside the fire ball zone. Fragmentation
of the storage system can cause damage up to distance of over 50m depending on the
capacity of the affected storage tank. If the gas is not ignited immediately, it will disperse
into the atmosphere. If the gas cloud ignites it is assumed that everyone present within
the gas cloud will die as a result of burns or asphyxiation. Outside the gas cloud the
duration of the thermal load will be too brief to cause any injuries. In the event of very
rapid combustion of the gas cloud the shock wave may cause damage outside the limits
of the cloud. Explosive combustion will only occur if the cloud is enclosed to some extent
between buildings and obstacles. The mathematical models and analytical models for
hazard analysis of the flammable liquids in the proposed site are as given in Table 7 Damage
criteria in Table 8. Radiation exposure and lethality in Table 9
Table 7
Mathematical Models and Analytical Models for Hazard Analysis
S. No Explosions
1 Pool fire Fire ball and physical over pressure models

Table 8
Damage Criteria
Heat Radiation Explosions Toxic Gas Dispersion
Incident Peak
Flux Damage overpressure Damage
2
kW/m (bar)
100% lethality, The extent of damage
Heavy -
37.5 Heavy damage to 0.3 depends upon the
90%
equipment concentration of the
50% lethality, non Damage toxic compound in
25.0 0.03
piloted ignition of glass the atmosphere. The
1% lethality, piloted Crack of relation between
12.5 0.01
ignition windows percent of injuries
Not lethal, 1st degree and the toxic load is
4.5 normally given in the
burns
No discomfort even form of probity
1.6 function.
after long exposure
Table 9
Radiation Exposure and Lethality
Radiation Intensity Exposure Time
Lethality (%) Degree of Burns
(KW/m2) (seconds)
No Discomfort even
1.6 -- 0
after long exposure
4.5 20 0 1 st
4.5 50 0 1 st
8.0 20 0 1 st
8.0 50 <1 3 rd
8.0 60 <1 3 rd
12.0 20 <1 2 nd
12.0 50 8 3 rd
12.5 -- 1 --
25.0 -- 50 --
37.5 -- 100 --
9 Pool Fire Analysis of HSD Tanks

The detailed computations of FEI (Fire and Explosion Index) for HSD (High Speed Diesel)
at proposed site are given in Table 10
The Health (Nh), Flammability (Nf), Reactivity (Nr), and MF (Material Factor) for HSD fuel
under consideration was derived from NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) codes.
The GPH (General Process Hazard Factor) and SPH (Specific Process Hazard Factor) was
calculated accordingly. Based on F&EI (Fire and Explosion Index), the HSD fall under light
degree of hazard category and nil toxicity.Thus Risk Assessment and Hazard analysis has
been carried out due to fire hazard for HSD storage tanks by carrying out MCA (Maximum
Credible Accident) analysis.

Table 10
F&EI of Fuels Used for the Proposed SEZ/Industrial Park
NFPA Classification F&E
Chemical/Fuel GPH SPH *F&EI
Nh Nf Nr MF Category
HSD 1 2 0 10 1.8 2.83 50.89 Light
*FEI = MF *(1+GPH) * (1+SPH)
The F&EI values are ranked into following categories:

Table 11
F&EI Category
S.No. F&EI F&E Category
1 1-60 Low
2 60-90 Medium
3 90 and above Severe
9.1 Damage Distance Computations for MCA (Maximum Credible Accident) analysis
The major hazard scenarios identified for the possibility of occurrence are mainly
concerned with HSD Storage tanks.The Maximum capacity of the storage of HSD will be
2×50 kl. The most credible failure is the rupture of the largest pipe connecting to the
storage tank. As worst case, it is assumed that if 50 kl HSD is leaked and the entire
contents leak out into the dyke forming a pool, which may catch fire on finding a source
of ignition.
A perusal of the above table clearly indicates that 37.5 kW/m2(100% lethality occurs
within the radius of the pool which is computed at 13 m tank on pool fire. This vulnerable
zone will damage all fuel storage equipment falling within the pool radius.
Similarly the threshold limit for first degree burns is 1.6 kW/m2, this vulnerable zone in
which the thermal fluxes above the threshold limit for first degree is restricted to 86m in
case fuel storage area catches pool fire. The risk contours are given below in Figure 1 & 2
9.2 Pool Fire of HSD Storage Tanks

A storage tank of HSD with a capacity of 50kl is considered for the proposed
SEZ/Industrial Park. Tank fire would occur if the radiation intensity is high on the
peripheral surface of tanks leading to increase in internal tank pressure. Pool fire would
occur when fuel oil collected in the dyke due to leakage gets ignited. As the tanks are
provided within the dyke the fire will be confined within the dyke wall.

SITE DATA:
Location: Gopalpur, INDIA
Building air exchanges per hour: 0.50 (sheltered single storied)
Time: November 09, 2015 1705 hours ST (user specified)
CHEMICAL DATA:
Chemical Name: High Speed Diesel Molecular Weight: 114.23 g/mol

PAC-1: 300 ppm PAC-2: 385 ppm PAC-3: 5000 ppm
IDLH: 1000 ppm LEL: 9600 ppm UEL: 65000 ppm
Ambient Boiling Point: 125.7° C
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.027 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 27,090 ppm or 2.71%
ATMOSPHERIC DATA: (MANUAL INPUT OF DATA)
Wind: 2.83 meters/second from S at 10 meters

Ground Roughness: open country Cloud Cover: 3 tenths
Air Temperature: 32° C
Stability Class: D (user override)
No Inversion Height Relative Humidity: 90%
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Burning Puddle / Pool Fire

Puddle Diameter: 15 meters Puddle Volume: 50000 liters
Initial Puddle Temperature: Air temperature
Flame Length: 27 meters Burn Duration: 38 minutes
Burn Rate: 917 kilograms/min
Total Amount Burned: 34,847 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire
Red : 13 meters --- (37.5 kW/ (sqm))
Red : 18 meters --- (25 kW/ (sqm))
Orange: 29 meters --- (12.5 kW/ (sqm))
Orange: 51 meters --- (4.5 kW/ (sqm))
Yellow: 86 meters --- (1.6 kW/ (sqm))

Figure 1
Thermal Radiation Threat Zone

Figure 2
ALOHA Source point on thelayout

10 Disaster Management & Emergency Preparedness for Natural disasters

10.1 Introduction
The natural disasters include cyclones, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, famines,
drought, landslides etc. Amongst all the ones mentioned floods and earthquakes are the
most common in India. India is no exception as it has been traditionally vulnerable to
natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions.
Natural disasters can neither be predicted nor prevented. The problem before us is how
to cope with them, minimizing their impact. Increase in urban population coupled with
the construction of man-made structures often poorly built and maintained subject cities
to greater levels of risk to life and property in the event of earthquakes and other natural
hazards. One of the main objectives is to reduce the risk of loss of human life and
property and to reduce costs to the society. We have to recognize that in such cases of
natural disasters, we deal with phenomena of enormous magnitude that cannot be
controlled by any direct means of human intervention. But what we try to do is to reduce
the impact on human beings and property.
Odisha is vulnerable to multiple disasters. Due to its sub-tropical littoral location, the
state is prone to tropical cyclones, storm surges and tsunamis. Its densely populated
coastal plains arethe alluvial deposits of its river systems. The rivers in these areas with
heavy load of silt have very little carrying capacity, resulting in frequent floods, only to be
compounded by breached embankments.
Though a large part of the state comes under Earthquake Risk Zone-II (low damage risk
zone), the Brahmani Mahanadi graben and their deltaic areas come under Earthquake
Risk Zone-III (moderate damage risk zone) covering 43 out of the 103 urban local bodies
of the state. Besides these natural hazards, human-induced disasters such as accidents,
stampede, fire, etc., vector borne disasters such as epidemics, animal diseases and pest
attacks and industrial/chemical disasters add to human suffering.
The Odisha State has a history of recurring natural disasters. While the coastal districts of
Odisha are exposed to floods and cyclones, western Odisha is prone to acute droughts; a
large section of the state is also prone to earthquakes. In addition, the State is also
affected by disasters like heat waves, epidemics, forest fire, road accidents etc. The
history of disasters substantiates the fact that about 80% of the state is prone to one or
more forms of natural disasters. Odisha has a history of recurring natural disasters.
10.2 Major Disaster profile

The pattern of drought in the state is of a varied one, sometimes affecting the entire
state, sometimes a few regions, and sometimes a few districts. However, the contiguous
patch consisting of the subdivisions of Padampur, Bolangir, Titlagarh, Patnagarh,
Nuapada, Khariar, Bhwanipatna and Phulbani comprising of 47 blocks have been
identified as drought prone zone.

The seismic zoning of Odisha falls between zones I to II i.e. low damage risk zone and
moderate damage risk zones. The parts of districts coming under moderate risk zones
are: Sundergarh, Jharsuguda, Bargarh, Sambalpur, Deogarh, Angul, Dhenkanal, Jajpur,
Cuttack. Khurda, Puri, Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara, Bhadrak, Mayurbhanj&Balasore. While
districts coming under low damage risk zones are Malkangiri, Koraput, Rayagada,
Gajapati, Ganjam, Kandhamal, Nawarangpur, Kalahandi, Nuapada, Bolangir, Sonepur,
Boudh, Nayagarh and Keonjhar.
There has been an alarming increase in the number of road accidents in the state in
recent years. Poor road conditions, weak enforcement of laws, disregard for safety
values, mechanical failures and lack of road awareness are the main causes of road
accidents.
10.3 Cyclone
Due to Odisha’s sub-tropical littoral location, the state is prone to tropical cyclones,
storm surges and tsunamis. Most of the cyclones in Bay of Bengal occurring frequently
during the northeast monsoon (october to december) cross the Odisha coast that too
specifically near Goapalpur compared to their landfall in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
The strong wind, associated with storm surge and flooding in coastal areas due to heavy
rainfall causes massive destruction. Cyclones over the Bay of Bengal mostly move
westward, northwestward or northward and cross the east coast of India or Bangladesh.
This section describes the possibility of occurrence of Cyclone and the related high wind
speed, the expected storm surge along the coastal region due to the passage of Cyclone
and also the impact in case of occurrence of tsunami. The possible periodicity of the
occurrence, intensity of occurrence, impact on the coastal form and people, the risk
assessment and the disaster management plan are enumerated.
Storm Surge
Occurrence of storm is a common phenomenon in Bay of Bengal during northeast
monsoonparticularly in September, October and December. The region near Gopalpur is
prone tofrequent passage of cyclone and the associated storm surge. Based on the data
published byIMD in, ‘The tracks of storms and depressions in the Bay of Bengal and the
Arabian Sea-1877to 2014’, fifty five storms had occurred in the vicinity of Krishnapatnam
in 138 years, i.e.from 1877 to 2014. Referring to below Table 12, it can be seen that the
occurrence of cyclones ismore frequent in the month of September andOctober (11),
followed by august (10). If acyclone with a wind speed exceeding 180 kmph develops, it
brings heavy rain with a stormsurge > 3 m.

Table 12
Track of Storms and Depressions (From 1877 – 2014)
Month Crossed in the Vicinity
January -
February -
March -
April -
May 1
June 7
July 5
August 10
September 11
October 11
November 7
December 3
Total 55
Storm surge and the associated effect during the storm

If a cyclone approaches the project region, it will be followed by heavy wind, incessant
rain, coinciding with the high tide time, flooding from catchments and the storm surge
causing the rise in water level on low lying areas and draining basins. In addition during
the event of storm, high waves approach the coast and break. The heavy rainfall causing
huge flood in the river as well as the opening of inland dams/reservoirs will cause
stagnation of flow and inundation leading to killing people and damaging the coastal
properties. For exampleduring the disastrous cyclones like Andhra Pradesh cyclone
(November, 1977), Odisha cyclone (November, 1999) and Rameswaram cyclone
(December, 1964), thousands of people were killed and there was a huge damage to the
coastal properties
PHAILIN cyclone in 2013

The Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS) “PHAILIN” hit Odisha coast on 12.10.2013 and the
landfall point was exactly near Gopalpur port in Ganjam district. The wind velocity
wasrecorded to be 205-220 kmph. After hitting the Gopalpur coast, the cyclonic storm
with astorm surge of around 3.0 m height ravaged the coastal districts of Ganjam, Puri,
Khordha,Jagatsinghpur and Kendrapara. Apart from the coastal districts, the adjoining
districtsnamely, Gajapati, Nayagarh, Keonjhar, Kandhamal, Koraput, Mayurbhanj,
Bhadrak, Balasore,Jajpur, Cuttack, Bolangir and Angul have also been seriously
devastated by the resultant flood. The cyclone was accompanied with torrential rains for
3 days, leading to floods in anumber of major rivers.
In Ganjam district alone 2812 villages have been affected. Apart from loss of life,
powersupply, water supply system and communication system were totally disrupted

and lakhs ofpeople were rendered homeless. Public and private properties, agricultural
crops and
horticultural plantations have suffered severe damage. All surface communication

systems,telecommunication, power supply and water supply were totally disrupted.This
post cyclone survey along the coast indicated heavy erosion along the beaches.Maximum
erosion was noticed in the project shore front. The high sand dune which exists inthis
area got eroded to a great extent. Approximately about 66 m3 per meter length of
thebeach sand appeared to be eroded compared to the pre cyclonic condition. The
shorelinereceded for about 2.5 km long coastline due to the passage of cyclone.
Rainfall: During Phailin cyclone occurred in october 2013, it caused very heavy to
extremelyheavy rainfall over Odisha coast leading to floods, and strong gale wind leading
to largescale structural damage and storm surge leading to coastal inundation over
Odisha.Maximum rainfall occurred over northeast sector of the system centre at the time
oflandfall. Maximum 24 hour cumulative rainfall of 38 cm was reported over Banki in
Cuttackdistrict of Odisha.
The Gopalpur port breakwaters were totally shattered and partially submerged.
Somedamage to the infrastructure close to the beach at the tourist location of Gopalpur
on seawas also noticed. The Pudumpetta fishing village at north of Rushikulya mouth was
moreaffected due to its close proximity to the beach. Houses with thatched roofs and tin
sheetroofs suffered heavy damages especially those located near Gopalpur port. The
damage wasminimal beyond Puri beach.It was noted that the impact of the cyclone and
inundation to interior regions were reduceddue to the existence of the high level sand
dunes. The inundation line due to the Phailincyclone is shown in Fig. 36. The water line
entered about 60 m into the shore.However the inundation was low due to the presence
of high sand dunes in this region.Therefore it is imperative to stabilize the dunes as it
forms a natural protection to minimizedamages along the coast during any cyclone.
10.4 Tsunami
Tsunami is a series of wave train generated in the ocean by a hydraulic impulsive force
that vertically displaces the water column. Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions,
explosions and even the impact of cosmic bodies taking place in the ocean can generate
Tsunami waves with long periods (≈ 30 min), long wave length (≈ 100 km) with a high
velocity of propagation (≈ 700 km/hr).
Tsunamis are shallow water waves which propagate with phase velocity equal to the
square root of the product of the acceleration due to gravity and the water depth. For
example, in the Pacific Ocean, where the typical water depth is about 4000 m, the
tsunami wave travels at about 700 km/hr. Because the rate at which the wave loses its
energy is inversely related to its wave length, tsunami not only propagates at high speed,
but it can also travel great transoceanic distances with limited energy losses and reach

different continents in shorter time i.e., the energy propagating with a tsunami waves
remain nearly constant. Among the various factors causing the occurrence of tsunami,
the large vertical movements of the earth's crust is more predominant and it can occur at
tectonic plate boundaries. The plates that interact along these boundaries are called
faults. Around the margins of the faults, the denser oceanic plates slip under the
continental plates in a process known as subduction. Such subduction earthquakes are
particularly very effective in generating the devastating tsunamis.
The energy flux due to tsunami is proportional to its velocity of propagation and height
and it remains nearly constant till reaching the coast. Consequently, the velocity of
propagation gets retarded when it enters shallower water and its height gets amplified.
Because of this shoaling effect, the tsunami that is imperceptible at Deep Ocean close to
centimeter height may rise up to several meters near the coast called run up.
When Tsunami finally reaches the coast, the crest of the wave appears as rapidly risen
water mass gushing into the coastline as a bore with a crashing velocity of 700 km/hr for
more than 10 - 30 min. The trough of the wave will appear as the withdrawal of water
mass with same speed back into the ocean swallowing everything on the land and
dragging back into the ocean.
Possible intensity of tsunami In worst case, if a tsunami occurs due to the movement of
Andaman and Indonesian plate then there will be surging of tsunami waves with a speed
of > 60 kmph into the shore and the run-up will be > 4 m. The gushing of water will
sweep and flood the areas having elevation < 3 m MSL.
10.5 Disaster Management Plan for Tsunami and Storm Surge

Cyclone, tsunami and storm surge are the most destructive force among the
naturaldevastations. It causes instant disaster and burial of lives and destruction to entire
coastalproperties. The damage and loss can be minimized if appropriate preparedness
plan isformulated. The following statutory guidelines are recommended by National
DisasterManagement Authority (NDMA) to minimize the impact due to cyclone, tsunami
and storm.
Development of sand dunes along the coast with shrubs or Casuarina trees
forstabilization of the sand dunes (Tsunami Mound).Raising the ground level (above the
design water level) with natural beach sand so asto rehabilitate the coastal
region.Development of coastal forest (green belt) by planting casuarinas and coconut
treesalong the coastline to cover minimum of about 500 m width of the beach.Adopting
natural beach nourishment to create steep beach face.Creation of sandy ramps at close
intervals along the coast.
In addition to the guidelines by NDMA, it is also necessary to adopt various

preventiveactions in the coastal region of the project site.

Preparedness Plan
The preparedness plan shall contain details about:
 Warning that should be given

 Protective measures to contain the effect of surging water level and
 Other
Precautionary measures to be taken. The following measures are the key aspects in
thepreparedness plan.
 Coordination with international and national agencies

 Vigilant online monitoring
 Emergency evacuation
Coordination with International and National Agencies

International: Following a series of tsunamis that hit Japan and North America,
aninternational tsunami warning network was put in place in 1960s in regions around
them Pacific Ocean. This network is administered by National Oceanic and
AtmosphericAdministration (NOAA), USA. NOAA comprises of hundreds of seismic
stations worldwide,which can detect earthquakes that are precursors to tsunami. This
network also includescoastal tide gauges that detect local changes in sea level and
sophisticated DART Buoys(Deep Sea Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis Buoys) in the
Pacific basin, capable ofdetecting even a centimeter change in water depths in ocean.
DART was introduced in 2003.This system consists of a pressure sensor anchored to the
sea floor and a surfacetransmitter. When potentially dangerous seismic activity is
detected, the network of DARTbuoys will detect the small change in the sea level.
Tsunami waves do not induce high surface elevation in deep ocean and hence
theirpresence is not felt in deep ocean until they reach the shallow water close to coast.
If anysmall yet potentially significant sea level change is noted following a seismic
activity, thedata are transmitted acoustically to the surface buoys and relayed by
satellites to thewarning stations. Computer modelling converts the data into a prediction
of potentialdamages for the use of the members of the network.
National: After the 2004 tsunami affected the Indian sub-continent, the
followingorganizations are involved on watch and cautioning the government and public
in the eventof possibility of occurrence of tsunami. As a part of tsunami hazard
mitigation, warningsystems have been established in India by the coordination of the
following organizations.
 Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad.

 National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), New Delhi.
 Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), New Delhi.
 National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai.
The contact details of international and national agencies are given in Table 13

Table 13
Contact Details of International and National agencies
Organization Address Email ID Contact Number
Ocean Valley,
Pragathi Nagar (BO), +91 - 40 -
INCOIS www.incois.gov.in
Nizampet (SO), 23895002
Hyderabad – 500090
NDMA Bhavan,
A-1 Safdarjang Enclave, +91 - 11 -
NDMA www.ndma.gov.in
New Delhi, 26701700
DL 110029.
Mausam Bhavan,
Lodi road, +91- 11 -
IMD www.imd.gov.in
New Delhi, 24699216
DL 110033.
Velachery -
Thambaram
main Road, +91 - 44 -
NIOT www.niot.res.in
Narayanapuram, 66783300
Pallikaranai,
Chennai 600100.
1401, Constitution
Avenue,
NOAA NW. Room 5128, www.noaa.gov -
Washington, USA.
DC 20230
Andaman Andaman & Nicobar
Nicobar Administration o/o
+91- 3192 -
Administration secretary (GA), webmaster.and@nic.in
236572
Secretariat,
Port Blair.
Indian Navy Port Blair +91 - 3192 -
Detachment, hqancpro@rediffmail.co 232012
Port Blair. m +91 - 3192 -
232023
Andaman Chief Engineer &
Harbour works, Administrator office, +91 - 3192 -
alhw@and.nic.in
Port Blair. Post Box No:161, 232864
Port Blair 744101.
District District Collector
Collectorate,
dm-ganjam@nic.in 06811-263700
Ganjam District
Odisha State.
INCOIS in collaboration with NIOT has deployed DART buoys at 3 locations in the deep
oceanalong the fault plane of Andaman plate and Indonesian plate. The data
transmission systemhas been effectively linked through satellite with 24 hours online
monitoring at NIOT,Chennai.

The online monitoring is capable of raising alarm in case of instantaneous change in

surfaceelevation exceeding centimeter which can be caused by the generation of
tsunami.IMD interacts with the above institutions and takes the responsibility of
broadcasting thedisaster through various media. In case of a tsunami, the warning is
usually broadcastbased on the earthquake occurred in the nearby ocean. Irrespective of
definite occurrenceof tsunami, the possibility to occur is also considered as equally
vulnerable and accordinglythe warning news is instantly flashed through radios and TVs.
The notification is followed byorders from the local government authorities on
reinforcing evacuation, prohibition toenter the demarcated risky zone and mobilizing
facilities for easier evacuation andaugmenting medical facilities.
There are a variety of evacuation notification systems in case of cyclone, tsunami and
stormsurge. They include sirens, weather radio, emergency alert system, telephones,
emergencyweather information network etc. In each system, it should be noted that the
applicationand message is consistent as well as continuous with repetition of messages
with periodicityat short time interval. It should be ensured that the warning reaches
immediately to allpeople prone to the devastation.
Vigilant Online Monitoring

The time at which the cyclone, storm surge or tsunami may reach the coast can
bepredicted with sufficient lead time. The destruction can be minimized if the
coastalpopulations are warned and evacuated to elevated place and inland in time.
Thereforekeeping vigil on the warning is the very important aspect in protecting the lives.
TSL shouldhave an agreement with NIOT/INCOIS/IMD by enrolling themselves as the
potential users.Live contact should be kept with the organizations indicated above
transmitting the instantwarning on occurrence of cyclone, tsunami and storm surge. A
vigilant team must becreated and they should be deputed to the above organizations to
attend the trainingprograms and to understand the method of monitoring and the kind
of emergencypreparedness. The vigilant team must monitor the warning systems around
the clock.
The vigilant team should have proper knowledge about the warning systems and
shouldhave attended the training programs conducted by the tsunami warning centres.
Thetraining should be given periodically to update the system and methods of warning.
Theteam should take the responsibility of giving immediate warning to the people in
andaround the power plant in case of Tsunami and they have to undertake the
EmergencyPreparedness Action. Safety drills should be conducted periodically.
Operational and emergency preparedness procedures should be planned meticulously

inorder to act on the warning and to disseminate it rapidly and effectively to the public.

Emergency Evacuation
Evacuation of people from risk areas is the first priority when early warning is received
orthe natural warning sign indicates the immediate arrival of cyclone, tsunami wave or
rise ofstorm surge.
Evacuation plan describes the time span available before and during the tsunami or
stormsurge event. When facing local threat, evacuation procedures most possibly will
have thecharacter of a ‘runaway effort’ and people should not expect to receive much
institutionalsupport. The primary objective should be bringing as many people as
possible out of thereach of the wave’s impact to safe or ‘relatively safe’ areas. Therefore
necessary steps haveto be taken in advance to enable and support the community at risk
to protect themselvesat any time.
10.6 Mitigation measures against Tsunami

Although the impact of tsunami and storm is disastrous, the impact can be minimized
byadopting the key components of mitigation measures. It was noticed during December
2004tsunami that the places located behind the highly elevated dunes, forest
departmentplanted Casuarina tress, dense plantations, mangrove forests, offshore coral
reefs, long saltpan heaps etc., were considerably protected. These areas experienced
very low damagewithout causing death of the people. The kinematic energy of the
tsunami waves riding intothe land gets dissipated due to these natural barriers. Thus the
nature gives the scientificunderstanding of preparing the energy dissipating obstruction
on the shore that can greatlyprotect the people and property against tsunami.
The mitigation measures to be taken normally vary according to the local site
conditions.Accordingly, in general case, the following mitigation measures are seen to be
effective forthe proposed project:
 Bio shield
 Construction of tsunami mound
 Construction of tsunami/cyclone shelter
Bio Shield:It is a general belief that natural formations such as coralreefs, grass beds,
coastal vegetation such as mangroves,estuaries and deltas of river mouths and flood
plains play animportant role in dissipating the forces of tsunami waves.
A bio-shield formed by planting a vegetation belt along coastlines would protect the
regionagainst coastal storms, cyclones and tsunamis. The plantations could absorb the
force ofsevere storms and tsunamis, and it could act as a 'carbon sink' by absorbing
emissions ofthe greenhouse gas. The coastal vegetation also has a very important role in
stabilizing andtrapping marine sediments and forming a protective buffer between the
land and the sea.

Planting of Casuarinas:
Casuarina equisetifolia is the most popular farm forestry tree in thecoastal lands of
mainland India. The Casuarinas planted along the east-coast protected theregion from
cyclone in November, 1999. Planting Casuarinas along the coastal front wouldprovide
substantial protection to the project region from the impacts of storm surges
andtsunami. Hence the water level rise during a tsunami or storm will not have any
majorimpact in this region.
Construction of Tsunami Mounds: One of the natural methods of protecting the shore
from the natural disasters like tsunamiand storm surge is to construct tsunami mounds
which will effectively help to dissipate theenergy of tsunami surge and protect the
leeward side. The shorefront of the project regionhas rows of elevated sand dunes > 8 m
and it can serve in the place of the construction oftsunami mounds.
Tsunami/Cyclone Shelter: The warning and disaster evacuation system is the most
important element in ensuring thepublic’s safety. Suitable shelter must be constructed in
order to evacuate the people in caseof emergency.
The time of arrival provides only a limited time for people to move safely to the shelter.
Twocyclone shelters per cluster must be provided along the region of TSL. After
thewarning/siren is given, the government authorities will start the evacuation and the
peopleliving in the interior area will have to be moved to the cyclone shelter built along
the coastalstretch.
The location of the shelter must be chosen such that it is easily accessible for workers
inindustries and for the public living in the vicinity. Maintenance of these shelters and
theaccess roads and keeping them in good condition throughout the year to its
functionalrequirements is very important.The shelter should be equipped with water
supply, toilets, first aid centre, generators,ration storing rooms and minimum cooking
facility. The shelters should be designed to bearthe workers in the industry and the
people living in the vicinity. The stairway should be wideenough (>3 m) for the rushing
people to climb the top without confusion and struggle. Itshould have an elevated
handrail with proper light and ventilation. There should not be anywindows on the
seaward side to avoid the entry of water due to rising tsunami wave. Butenough
windows and other ventilation measures must be provided on the leeward side
ofshelters.
Escape Routes: The availability of safety zones that can be used as evacuation sites
withinwalking distance must be inspected. People can be evacuated to hills over ten
metres in elevation or the deep inland (>1 km) out of coastal inundation. Good elevated
roads shouldbe laid along the escape route to safe places which can be waded even
during flooding.

10.6 Emergency Alarm from Government Institutions

M/s Tata Steel SEZ Limitedshould jointly make understanding with NIOT/INCOIS/NDMA
and a communication linkshould be established through satellite or GPRS. In case of
emergency if warning is given atthe above mentioned institutions, they can instantly
activate the alarm at the industriesthrough satellite/GPRS and give caution to the vigilant
team so that they can immediatelystart the rescue operation.
11 Occupational Health and safety

11.1 Introduction
Maintaining a high degree of physical, mental and social wellbeing of employees ensures
high productivity and overall sustainability of the proposed project. TSSEZ has a strong
occupational health and safety policy (OHS). Thehealth and safety policy of TSL is shown
in Figure 3
11.2 Occupational Health

Corporate policy of TSSEZ includes the occupational health care of the work force for all
theoperational units. TSL is accredited with ISO-14001, ISO-18001 and SA-8000 for all the
operating units. The proposed units would also come under the same corporate umbrella
to adopt occupational health standards similar to other operating units. To start with,
there would be first aid stations and an industrial health laboratory within the plant to
take care of the comprehensive health management system of the plant personnel.
Regular health education programs and other health care initiatives would be taken up to
uphold workers general health conditions.The health education program includes the
topics like occupational health, noise hazards,exposure to toxic chemicals and heavy
metals, cardiac risks reduction, life stylemanagement, wellness management, stress
management, ergonomics, early diagnosis &treatment, burn safety & eye care, gas &
heat hazards, occupational lung diseases, physicalfitness, nutrition etc. The occupational
health hazards with permissible limits and mitigation is presented in Table 14

Figure 3
Health & Safety Policy of M/s Tata Steel SEZ Limited

Table 14
Occupational Health Hazards with Permissible Limits and Mitigation
Occupational
Permissible Exposure
S.No. & Safety Measures Adopted at Site
Level (PEL)
Hazards
2 mg/m3 in closed work
zone, 500 µg/m3 in open Dry fogging, preventing leakages,
1 Dust Level work zone Cr+6 ≤ 5µg/m3. conducting environmental audits and strict
Total Cr ≤2 mg/Nm3 as per adherence to pollution control measures
OSHAS 2006 guidelines
2 Noise 85 db(A)/ 8 hours duration Ear Plugs & Ear Muffs
Reducing the time spent holding vibrating
Exposure action value
3 Vibrations equipment or work pieces. Hand gloves,
(EAV) - 2.5 m/s2 A(8)
fibre handles
Ansel Nitrile chemical resistant gloves,
Recommended Exp.Limit
4 Kerosene chemical resistance gloves, 3m Disposable
(REL) : 100 mg/m3 TWA
respirators
Ansel Nitrile chemical resistant gloves,
Threshold Limit Value
5 Diesel chemical resistance gloves, 3m Disposable
(TLV) :800 ppm
respirators
Threshold Limit Value
6 LPG 3m Disposable Respirators
(TLV) :1000 ppm TWA
7 Acetylene 14 mg/ cum of air 3M Disposable Respirators
Double lanyard full body safety harmless.

Working at
8 2 m above ground level Life line support. Proper IITS (information,
height
instructions, training, supervision) provided.
Gum Boot, ramp, shoring, benching etc.

9 Excavation 1.5 m depth Proper IITS implemented. SOP & Standards
implemented.
Railings in access, work platform, hand rail,
10 Scaffolding 2 m above ground level mid rail, toe guard. System scaffold
standard implemented
Welding/ Apron, leather hand gloves, face-shield,
11 -
Gas- Cutting black goggles, SOP implemented
Manual Cotton gloves, safety shoe (steel toe), safety
Max. 50 kg/ Adult Male, 30
12 Material helmet. Head & shoulder load carrying is
kg/ Adult Female
Handling strictly prohibited
M/s.Tata SteelSEZ Limitedwould conduct practice of health care surveillance of its

employees by ways ofroutine health check-ups, audiometric examination & hearing
conservation for the employeesexposed to high noise levels, statutory eye examination
and colour vision test, X-rayinvestigation, blood examination, lung function test, cardio
profiler test for diabetic and bloodpressure patients etc. Routine reviewing of the health
status and hygiene would berecommended. Under the health check-up program a
routine surveillance of the contractor’semployee’s health status would be carried out
during the construction stage and also duringoperational stage. The action plan for
implementation of OHS standard is presented in Table 15

Table 15
Action Plan for Implementation of OHS Standard
Type of Health Possible
S.no. Preventive Action Plan
Health Hazards
 All workers working at height To Be examined
specially for vertigo & certified.
1 Fall from height
 Workers to be supplied with pipe like belt,
harness, helmet, gloves use has been ensured.
Slip, trip or fall on the
2 All workers to use non slip safety shoes
level
Injury caused by falling
3 Use of helmet by all workers
objects
Exposure to extreme In summer working hours to be rescheduled as per
4
temp. government guideline
 Positive isolation.
5 Electrical injury  Barricading installation.
 Use of pipe, gloves, shoes, helmet, goggles
 Use of goggles.
 Supply of water tap at strategic locations.
6 Eye injury
 Providing first aid available within 10 minutes
Ambulance service for major injury
 Entry of only authorized vehicle.
 Speed limit regulation and display of speed limit
Risk of road traffic
7 area.
accident
 Mandatory use of seat belt.
 Regular maintenance of road.
Use of noise mask/ ear plugs at high decibel sound
8 Noise pollution
area
 Water sprinkling on services roads.
 Use of mask.
Exposure to work zone  Vacuum cleaning of shop floors.
9
Dust  Prevention of leakage from furnaces, conveying
systems, de/ fe systems and routine preventive
maintenance
Exposure to cement
10 Use of nose mask, gloves and shoes by all workers
(during construction)
 Storage of chemicals in confined area as per
Exposure to hazardous regulations.
11
chemicals  To be handled by authorized persons only.
 Use of PPE
 Pre-employment health checkup.
12 Periodic health checkups
 Health checkup every 2 years
 One first-aid centre to run inthe factory
premises.
13 First aid back up
 Ambulance service to be available round the
clock

12 Corporate Environment Policy (CEP)

Tata Steel SEZ’s Environmental Policy guides approach of TSSEZ towards
environmentmanagement. Improvements in environmental performance are driven
through its totalquality management process. Management tools are used for
deployment of actions acrossthe units for improvement and sustenance of
environmental performance. The overallenvironmental performance, including
mitigating and controlling environmental impacts, issubject to continuous and detailed
scrutiny by the board of directors, with the board’ssafety, health and environment
subcommittee providing direction on environmentalperformance.TSSEZ’s environment
policy is a formal expression of the company’s overall intensions anddirections related to
its environmental performance. It also establishes basic commitmentsand provides a
framework for developing strategies and action plans. TSSEZ Environmental Policy is as
given in Figure 4.
More focus is given on Quality of work and infrastructure development by adopting

international standards & customer satisfaction & providing safe & secure friendly
atmosphere to all. TSSEZ Quality Policy is as given in Figure 5 andthe organization
structure of the project team who has administrative control is as shown on Figure 6

Figure 4
Environmental Policy

Figure 5
Quality Policy

Figure 6
Organization Structure

Roles and Responsibility

Chief of the Project
 Overall driving force of the team
 Coordinate with top management and project team for implementation of
theprojects
 Ensure implementation of statutory requirements
 Monitor and control schedule and cost of the project
HOD Environment /Sr. Manager Environment

 Identify and review the various statutory requirements that are applicable to
theproject
 Obtain necessary permits, consents, clearances, licenses that are required for
theproject for environment related matters
 Facilitate, monitor and review the implementation of various requirements related
toenvironment protection in the project
 Plan, organize and review the monitoring of environmental parameters
 Timely submission of reports, retunes, statements, status of the MoEFCC/OPCB/CPCB
 Provide inputs to the top management for review of environmental compliances
 Plan, organize and review the afforestation measures in the project
Head-R&R
 Ensure implementation of R&R in the project as planned
 Plan, organize, implement the social and peripheral development activities in
thenearby vicinity

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Proposed Multi-product SEZ/Industrial Park at Gopalpur, Odisha by M/s Tata Steel SEZ Limited

Appropriate risk management strategies will be implemented to protect the community

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 2

The safety policy is based on the following regulations:

 Operation and Maintenance Phase

3 Disaster Management Plan (DMP)

Disasters occur due to:

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 4

Action Plan for On-Site Disaster Management Plan

i) Internal and external communication.

b) Fire Prevention Facilities

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 6

 Fuel Protection System

 Fire Alarm System

3.1 The Key Personnel for onsite emergency

1. Works Main Controller

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 7

2. Work Incident Controller (WIC)

3. Other Key Personnel and their Duties

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 8

c. Telephone Operator. In case of fire is discovered but no emergency siren is operated,

e. Personnel/Administrative Officer. He should work as a liaison officer liaisoning with

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 9

Siren for Emergency

All Clear Signal

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 10

 First aid kit

On-site Emergency Plan Should Contain-

The on-site emergency plan so prepared shall be documented in a printed form in

3.2 Off-site Disaster Management Plan

iii. To provide for quick resumption of normal situation or operation.

Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996

A. Functions of the State Crisis Group

B. Functions of the District Crisis Group

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 12

C) Functions of the Local Crisis Group

Central Control Committee

i. Incident and Environment Control Committee

3.3 Risk Assessment Plan

5 Hazard Identification and Preliminary Hazard Analysis

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 14

5.2 Identification of Major Hazardous Units

5.3 Classification Based On Inventory Rating

5.4 Identification of Major Hazard Installations Based on manufacture, storage and

 Besides a list of hazardous substances with their threshold quantities are

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 15

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 16

6 Short Listed Hazards

7 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis

A disastrous situation is generally due to outcome of fire, explosion or toxic hazards in

8 Injuries Resulting From Flammable Liquids

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 18

9 Pool Fire Analysis of HSD Tanks

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 19

The F&EI values are ranked into following categories:

9.2 Pool Fire of HSD Storage Tanks

Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad. Page 20

Chemical Name: High Speed Diesel Molecular Weight: 114.23 g/mol

ATMOSPHERIC DATA: (MANUAL INPUT OF DATA)