CBSE 2024 COMPARTMENT EXAMINATIONS

XII MATHEMATICS (041)

Series &RQPS/S ♦ Q.P. Code 65/S/1; 65/S/2; 65/S/3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time Allowed : 180 Minutes Max. Marks : 80
General Instructions :
1. This Question paper contains five sections - A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory.
However, there are internal choices in some questions.
2. Section A has 18 MCQs and 02 Assertion-Reason (A-R) based questions of 1 mark each.
Section B has 05 questions of 2 marks each.
Section C has 06 questions of 3 marks each.
Section D has 04 questions of 5 marks each.
Section E has 03 Case-study / Source-based / Passage-based questions with sub-parts (4
marks each).
3. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in
 02 Questions of Section B
 03 Questions of Section C
 02 Questions of Section D
 02 Questions of Section E
You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.

 Q.P. Code - 65/S/1

SECTION A
This section has 20 multiple choice questions of 1 mark each.
 0 1 1
01. If A  1 2 1  , then the value of A adj(A) is
 0 3 2 
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
0 1 1
Sol. (a) A  1 2 1  0  1(2  3)  0  1
0 3 2
31 3
Now A adj(A)  A adj(A)  A A  A  (1)3  1 .
1
02. For two matrices A and B, given that A 1  B, then inverse of (4A) is
4
1 1
(a) 4B (b) B (c) B (d) B
4 16
1 11  1  1
Sol. (d) Inverse of (4A) i.e., (4A)1  A 1   B   B .  (kA)1  A 1 , k  0
4 4  4  16  k
03. If X, Y and XY are matrices of order 2  3, m  n and 2  5 respectively, then the number of
elements in matrix Y is
(a) 6 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 35
Sol. (c) Note that the order of XY is 2  n ; which when compared to the given order 2  5 of XY
gives n  5 . Further the no. of columns in matrix X must be same as the no. of rows in matrix Y
i.e., 3  m . Therefore the order of matrix Y is m  n i.e., 3  5 .
Hence, the number of elements in matrix Y is (3).(5)  15 .
04. The number of discontinuities of the function f given by

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x  2 , if x0
 x
f (x)   e , if 0  x  1 is
2  x , if x 1

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
Sol. (c) At x  0 and x  1 , the function f is discontinuous.
1 dy 1
05. Let y  f   and f (x)  x 3 . What is the value of at x  ?
x dx 2
1 1
(a)  (b)  (c) 32 (d) 64
64 32
1
Sol. (c) y  f  
x
dy 1  1 
  f      2 
dx x  x 
3
dy 1  1  1   1 1 1
 f (x)  x  f        3
3
  3  2    5
dx x  x  x  x x x
1 dy 1
At x  ,   32 .
2 dx (1/2)5
dy 2
06. If y  log sec x , then the value of at x  is
dx 16
1 1 1
(a) (b)  (c) (d)
 2 4
1
Sol. (a) y  log sec x  log sec x
2
dy 1 1 tan x
   sec x tan x  
dx 2sec x 2 x 4 x
2 
tan tan
2 dy 16  4 1.
At x  , 
16 dx  2   
4  4 
 16  4

dy
07. If x  3cos  and y  5sin  , then is equal to
dx
3 5 5 3
(a)  tan  (b)  cot  (c)  tan  (d)  cot 
5 3 3 5
dx dy
Sol. (b) Note that,  3sin ,  5 cos 
d d
dy dy/dθ 5cos  5
     cot  .
dx dx/dθ 3sin  3
08. For the function f (x)  x 3 , x  0 is a point of
(a) local maxima (b) local minima
(c) non-differentiability (d) inflexion
Sol. (d) x  0 is a point of inflexion for the function f (x)  x 3 .
09. The greatest integer function defined by f (x)  [x], 1  x  3 is not differentiable at x 
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3
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)
2
Sol. (c) Note that, g.i.f. is not differentiable at any x  c  Z .
Therefore, f (x)  [x], 1  x  3 is not differentiable at x  2 .
10. If the radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of 0.5 cm/s , then the rate of increase of its
circumference is
2 4
(a) cm/s (b)  cm/s (c) cm/s (d) 2 cm/s
3 3
Sol. (b) Circumference of circle is, C  2 r
dC dr
  2  2 0.5   cm/s .
dt dt
/ 4
11.  x 3 cos 2 x dx is equal to
 / 4

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 2

3 2
Sol. (a) Let f (x)  x cos x .
Then f ( x)  ( x)3 cos2 ( x)   x 3 cos 2 x  f (x) .
So, f (x) is an odd function.
a
0, if f ( x)  f (x) / 4
 a
By using  f (x) dx   , we get  x 3 cos 2 x dx  0 .
a
2
  f (x) dx, if f (  x)  f (x)  / 4
 0
x 3 x
12.  (x  1)3 e dx is equal to
2e x 2e x ex ex
(a) C (b) C (c) C (d) C
(x  1)3 (x  1)2 (x  1) (x  1)2
x 3 x (x  1)  2 x
Sol. (d)  3
e dx   e dx
(x  1) (x  1)3
 1 2  x ex
   3
e dx  C
2
 (x  1) (x  1)  (x  1) 2
1 2
We have used  f (x)  f (x)  e x dx  f (x)  e x  c , where f (x)  2
and f (x)  .
(x  1) (x  1)3
13. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the curve y  x , x-axis, x  0 and x  2 is
3 1
(a) (b) log 2 (c) 2 (d) 4
2 2
2
Sol. (c) Area   x dx
0
2
 x2 
 
 2 0
4 
   0  2 Sq. units.
2 
1
 We can answer this by using : Area of   Base  Height .
2

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dy
14. The number of arbitrary constants in the general solution of the differential equation y0
dx
is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
Sol. (b) Only one (1) arbitrary constant will be there in the general solution of D.E.
 
projection of a on b  
15. What is the value of  ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
 for vectors a  2i  3j  6k and b  2i  2 j  k ?
projection of b on a
3 7 4 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 3 3 7
ˆ ˆ ˆ
  ˆ  2i  2 j  k  4  6  6
(2iˆ  3jˆ  6k).
  4  4 1 
projection of a on b a .bˆ   3 7
Sol. (b)      .
projection of b on a b.aˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ 466 3
ˆ  2i  3j  6k 
(2iˆ  2ˆj  k).  4  9  36  7
 
x  1 2  y 3z
16. The direction ratios of the line   are
3 1 2
(a) 3, 1, 2 (b) 4, 3, 2 (c) 9,  3, 2 (d) 9, 3, 2
x 1 y  2 z x 1 y  2 z
Sol. (c) Rewriting the line, we get   i.e.,   .
3 1 2/3 9 3 2
Hence, the direction ratios of the line are 9, –3, 2.
17. The Cartesian equation of the line passing through the point (1,  3, 2) and parallel to the line
  is
r  2iˆ  kˆ  (iˆ ˆj  2k)
x 1 y  3 z  2 x 1 y  3 z  2
(a)   (b)  
2 0 1 1 1 2
x 1 y  3 z  2 x 1 y  3 2  z
(c)   (d)  
2 0 1 1 1 2
Sol. (d) Recall that the direction ratios of parallel lines are proportional.
  are 1, 1, 2.
The d.r.’s of the line r  2iˆ  kˆ  (iˆ ˆj  2k)
Hence, the required Cartesian equation of line passing through the point (1, –3, 2) is
x  1 y  (3) z  2 x 1 y  3 2  z
  i.e.,   .
1 1 2 1 1 2
        
18. If a and b are two vectors such that a  b  0 and a  b  a  b , then the angle between a and

b is
  2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 3 3 4
   
Sol. (a) a  b  a  b
   
 a b cos   a b sin 
 cot   1

  .
4
Direction : In question numbers 19 and 20, two statements are given, one labelled Assertion (A)
and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the following options.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

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(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
 13  
19. Assertion (A) : cos1  cos  is equal to .
 6  6
Reason (R) : The range of the principal value branch of the function y  cos 1 x is [0 , ].
 13  1     1   
Sol. (a) Note that cos1  cos   cos  cos  2     cos  cos   .
 6    6   6 6
So, A and R both are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
20. Assertion (A) : If R and S are two events such that P(R | S)  1 and P(S)  0 , then S  R .
Reason (R) : If two events A and B are such that P(A  B)  P(B) , then A  B.
P(R  S)
Sol. (c) P(R | S)   1 i.e., P(R  S)  P(S) or, R  S  S which is possible only if S  R .
P(S)
So, A is true. Note that R is false as, P(A  B)  P(B) implies A B  B which means B  A .
SECTION B
This section has 5 Very Short Answer questions of 2 marks each.
1  1 
21. Find the value of cos1    tan 1   1
  cosec (2) .
2
   3
1  1 
Sol. (a) cos1    tan 1   1
  cosec (2)
2
   3
    
   
3  6  6
   
    .
3 6 6 3
d2y dy
22. (a) If y  (sin 1 x) 2 , then find (1  x 2 ) 2  x .
dx dx
OR
dy
(b) If y x  x y , then find .
dx
Sol. (a) y  (sin 1 x)2
dy 1
  2 (sin 1 x) 
dx 1  x2
dy
 1 x2   2 (sin 1 x)
dx
2 d 2 y dy   x  1
 1 x  2     2
dx dx  1  x  2
1 x 2
d2 y dy
 (1  x 2 ) 2
x  2.
dx dx
OR
x y
(b) Given that y  x
x y
 e log y  e log x
 e x log y  e y log x

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 1 dy   1 dy 
 e x log y   x    log y 1  e ylog x   y   log x  
 y dx   x dx 
 x dy  y dy 
 y x    log y   x y   log x  
 y dx  x dx 
dy dy
 x y x 1   y x log y  x y 1 y  x y log x 
dx dx
dy
 (x y x 1  x y log x)   x y 1 y  y x log y
dx
y 1 x
dy x y  y log y
  .
dx x y x 1  x y log x
log x
23. Given that f (x)  , find the point of local maximum of f (x).
x
log x
Sol. f (x) 
x
1
x   log x 1
 f (x)  x
x2
 1
x 2     (1  log x)  2x
1  log x x 1  2(1  log x)
 f (x)  2
and f (x)   4

x x x3
1  log x
For f (x)  0, 0  log x  1  x  e
x2
1  2(1  log e) 1
As f (e)  3
  3  0 so, clearly f (x) is maximum at x  e .
e e
Hence, x  e is the point of local maximum for the function f (x) .
x3 1
24. (a) Find  x 3  x dx .
OR
0
(b) Evaluate  x  2 dx .
4

x3  1 (x 3  x)  (x  1)
Sol. (a)  x3  x dx   x 3  x dx
 (x  1) 
  1  3 dx
 x  x 
 (x  1) 
  1   dx
 x(x  1)(x  1) 
 1 
  1   dx
 x(x  1) 
 1 1 
  1      dx
  x x  1 
x
 x  log x  log x  1  c or, x  log c.
x 1

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OR
0 2 0
(b)  x  2 dx   x  2 dx   x  2 dx
4 4 2
2 0
   (x  2)dx   (x  2)dx
4 2
2 2 0
 (x  2)   (x  2)2 
     
 2  4  2  2
   0  2   2  0
 4.
5 x y 2 z x y z
25. Find the angle between the lines   and   .
7 5 1 1 2 3
x  5 y  (2) z  0 x 0 y0 z0
Sol. On rewriting the lines,   and   .
7 5 1 1 2 3
Clearly, the direction ratios of the respective lines are 7, –5, 1 and 1, 2, 3.
 7  1  (5)  2  1 3 
Hence, the required angle between the lines is   cos 1  
 7 2  (5)2  12 12  2 2  32 
 
 0  
   cos 1  1
  cos (0)  2 .
 49  25  1 1  4  9 

Hence, the required angle between the given lines is 90o or .
2
SECTION C
There are 6 Short Answer questions in this section. Each is of 3 marks.
 4 0  17 10  1
26. (a) Find a matrix A such that A     0 16 . Also, find A .
  1  2   
OR
 3 4 4 
(b) Given a square matrix A of order 3 such that A 2   0 1 0  , show that A3  A 1 .
 2 2 3
Sol. (a) Using AB  C  ABB1  CB1  AI  CB1  A  CB1 , we get
1
17 10   4 0 
A  
 0 16   1 2 
17 10  1  2 0 
A   
 0 16 8  1 4 
1  24 40 
A 
8  16 64 
 3 5 
A   
2 8 
1  8 5
Now A 1 
24  10  2 3

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1  8 5
 A 1  .
34  2 3
OR
 3 4 4   3 4 4  1 0 0 
(b) A  A . A   0 1 0   0 1 0   0 1 0   I
4 2 2

 2 2 3  2 2 3 0 0 1 

Pre-multiplying both the sides by A 1 , we get A 1. A 4  A 1I i.e., A3  A 1 .
dy sin 2 (a  y)
27. (a) If x sin (a  y)  sin y  0, prove that  .
dx sin a
OR
dy
(b) Find , if y  (cos x) x  cos1 x .
dx
sin y
Sol. (a) x sin (a  y)  sin y  0 x
sin (a  y)
dx sin (a  y) cos y  sin y cos (a  y) sin [(a  y)  y]
Differentiating w.r.t. y both the sides,  
dy sin 2 (a  y) sin 2 (a  y)
dx sin a
 
dy sin 2 (a  y)
dy sin 2 (a  y)
  .
dx sin a
OR
x 1
(b) y  (cos x)  cos x
x
 y  e log(cos x)  cos1 x
 y  e x log(cos x)  cos1 x
dy  1  1 1
  e x log(cos x)  x   ( sin x)  log (cos x) 1  
dx  cos x  1 x 2 x
dy 1
  (cos x) x  log (cos x)  x tan x   .
dx 2 x 1 x
dx
28. (a) Find  .
cos x cos 2x
OR
5x  3
(b) Find  dx .
1  4x  2x 2
dx
Sol. (a) Let I  
cos x cos 2x
dx
I
cos x cos 2 x  sin 2 x
dx
I
2  sin 2 x 
cos x cos x 1  2 
 cos x 

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dx sec 2 x dx
I 
cos x cos x 1  tan 2 x 1  tan 2 x
Put tan x  u  sec 2 x dx  du
du
I    sin 1 u  c  sin 1 (tan x)  c .
2
1 u
OR
 12 
(4  4x)    4 
5x  3 5 5  dx
(b)  dx   
1  4x  2x 2 4 1  4x  2x 2

8
(4  4x) 
5 5 dx
 
4 1  4x  2x 2
5 (4  4x) 1
  dx  2  dx
4 1  4x  2x 2
1  4x  2x 2
5 (4  4x) 1
  dx  2  dx
4 1  4x  2x 2 2
( 3)  ( 2  2x) 2

5  1  1 2  2x
   2 1  4x  2x 2  2   sin c
4  2 3
5  2 
  1  4x  2x 2  2 sin 1   (1  x)   c .
2  3 
29. Find the general solution of the differential equation y dx  x dy  (x log x) dx  0.
dy  1 
Sol. Rewriting the given D.E., we get     y  log x
dx  x 
dy
It is a linear D.E. of the form  P(x). y  Q(x) .
dx
1
So, P(x)   and Q(x)  log x .
x
1
  dx 1 1
Integration Factor (I.F.)  e x  e  log x  elog x  x 1  .
x
1 1
So, the required solution is y      log x dx  c
x x
 1  (log x)
2
x (log x) 2
 y    c or, y   xc.
x 2 2
  
30. If the vectors a , b and c represent the three sides of a triangle, then show that
     
ab  bc  ca.
      
Sol. Since a , b and c represent the three sides of a triangle so, a  b  c  0
     
 (a  b  c)  a  0  a
      
 a  a  b a  c a  0
     
 0  a b  ca  0
   
 a  b  c  a …(i)

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     
Also (a  b  c)  b  0  b
      
 a  b  b  b  c  b  0
   
 a b  0  bc  0
   
 a  b  b  c …(ii)
     
By (i) and (ii), we get a  b  b  c  c  a .
31. It is known that 20% of the students in a school have above 90% attendance and 80% of
students are irregular. Past year results show that 80% of students who have above 90%
attendance and 20% of irregular students get ‘A’ grade in their annual examination. At the end
of a year, a student is chosen at random from the school and is found to have an ‘A’ grade. What
is the probability that the student is irregular?
Sol. Let E : the student has grade A,
E1 : the student has above 90% attendance, and E2 : the student is irregular.
Clearly P(E1 )  20%, P(E 2 )  80%, P(E | E1 )  80% and P(E | E 2 )  20% .
P(E | E 2 ).P(E 2 )
By Bayes’ theorem, P(E 2 | E) 
P(E | E1 ).P(E1 )  P(E | E 2 ).P(E 2 )
20 80

100 100 16
 P(E 2 | E)  
80 20 20 80 16  16
  
100 100 100 100
1
 P(E 2 | E)  .
2
SECTION D
There are 4 Long Answer questions in this section. Each is of 5 marks.
32. Check whether the relation S in the set of all real number () defined by S  {(a , b) : a  b3 } is
reflexive, symmetric or transitive.
3
1 1
Sol. For reflexivity : Observe that    is not true.
2 2
1 1
That is,  ,   S .
2 2
So, S is not reflexive.
For symmetry : Observe that 1  (3)3 is true but 3  (1)3 is not true.
That is, (1, 3)  S but (3,  1)  S .
So, S is not symmetric.
3 3 3
3 3 4 4
For transitivity : Observe that 3    and    are both true but 3    is not true.
2 2 3 3
 3 3 4  4
That is,  3,   S and  ,   S but  3,   S .
 2 2 3  3
So, S is not transitive.
33. (a) Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curve y  4  x 2 , the lines
x   2 and x  3 and the x-axis.
OR
(b) Using integration, evaluate the area of the region bounded by the curve y  x 2 , the lines
y  1 and y  3 and the y-axis.

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Sol. Consider the diagram given below.

3
Required area   4  x 2 dx
 2
3
x 4 x
 4  x 2  sin 1 
2 2 2  2

 3   2   
 1  2      2  2   
 2 3  2  4 
 3 2   
     1  
 2 3  2
3 7
 1  sq.units .
2 6
OR
Required area is bounded by the curve y  x 2 , the lines y  1 and y  3 and the y-axis.

3
Required area   ydy
1
2 3/2 3
  y 
3 1

2
 3 3  1 sq. units
3
 2
  2 3   sq. units.
 3

x  8 y  9 z  10
34. (a) Find the shortest distance between the lines   and
3 16 7
x  15 y  29 z  5
  .
3 8 5
OR
(b) Find the point of intersection of the lines
 ˆ ˆ ˆ  , and r  3jˆ  3kˆ   (iˆ 2 ˆj k).

r  i  j  6k  (3iˆ k)
Also, find the vector equation of the lines passing through the point of intersection of the given
lines and perpendicular to both the lines.
Sol. (a) For the given lines, we have
  
ˆ b  3iˆ  16jˆ  7kˆ ; a  15iˆ  29ˆj  5k,
a1  8iˆ  9jˆ  10k, ˆ b  3iˆ  8jˆ  5kˆ .
1 2 1

ˆi ˆj kˆ
   
Then a  a  7iˆ  38ˆj  5kˆ , b  b  3 16 7  24iˆ  36jˆ  72kˆ .
2 1 1 2

3 8 5
   
(a 2  a 1 ).(b1  b 2 ) (7iˆ  38jˆ  5k).(24i
ˆ ˆ  36ˆj  72k)
ˆ
Now S.D.    
b1  b 2 24iˆ  36jˆ  72kˆ

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(7iˆ  38jˆ  5k).{12(2i

ˆ ˆ  3jˆ  6k)}
ˆ
 S.D. 
12 2 (22  32  6 2 )
(7iˆ  38jˆ  5k).(2i
ˆ ˆ  3jˆ  6k)
ˆ
 S.D. 
4  9  36
14  114  30 98
 S.D.    14 units .
4  9  36 7
OR
x 1 y 1 z  6
(b) Rewriting both the lines in Cartesian form, we get     and
3 0 1
x y 3 z 3
  .
1 2 1
The coordinates of any random point on the given lines are respectively P(3  1,  1,    6)
and Q(, 2  3,    3) .
If the lines intersect, then the points P and Q must coincide.
That is, 3  1   ...(i),  1  2  3...(ii),    6    3...(iii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get   0,   1 .
Since   0,   1 does not satisfy equation (iii).
That implies, the given lines do not intersect each other.
Hence, there will not be any point of intersection of the given lines.
35. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically:
Minimize Z  6x  7y
Subject to constraints
x  2y  240
3x  4y  620
2x  y  180
x , y  0.
Sol. Consider the following graph.

Corner Points Value of Z

A(40, 100) 940  Min.
B(20, 140) 1100
C(140, 50) 1190

Hence, the minimum value of

Z is 940 at (40, 100).

SECTION E
In this section there are 3 Case Study questions of 4 marks each.
36. A sandbag is dropped from a balloon at a height of 60 metres.
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When the angle of elevation of the sun is 30 , the position of the sandbag is given by the
equation y  60  4.9 t 2 , where y is the height of the sandbag above the ground and t is the time
in seconds.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Find the relation between x and y, where x is the distance of the shadow at P from the point
Q and y is the height of the sandbag above the ground.
(ii) After how much time will the sandbag be 35 metres above the ground?
(iii) Find the rate at which the shadow of the sandbag is travelling along the ground when the
sandbag is at a height of 35 metres.
OR
(iii) How fast is the height of the sandbag decreasing when 2 seconds have elapsed?
RQ y
Sol. (i) In PQR , tan 30o  
PQ x
1 y
  x  3 y .
3 x
(ii) Using y  60  4.9 t 2 , we get 35  60  4.9 t 2
 4.9 t 2  25
5 10
t seconds .
7
x
(iii) As y  60  4.9 t 2 and x  3 y so,  60  4.9 t 2
3
dx
  0  4.9 3  2 t
dt
5 10 dx 5 10
When height of sandbag is 35 m, then t  sec so,  4.9 3  2   7 30 m/s .
7 dt 7

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Hence, the shadow is travelling (decreasing) at the rate of 7 30 m/s along the ground when
the sandbag is at a height of 35 m.
OR
(iii) We have y  60  4.9 t 2
dy
  0  4.9  2t
dt
dy
At t  2 sec,  4.9  2  2  19.6 m/s .
dt
Hence, the height of the sandbag is decreasing at the rate of 19.6 m/s when 2 seconds have
elapsed.
37. A salesman receives a commission for each sale he makes together with a fixed daily income.
The number of sales he makes in a day along with their probabilities are given in the table
below.
X: 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(X) : 0.42 3k 0.3 0.05 2k 0.03

His daily income Y (in `) is given by

Y  800X  50
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Find the value of k .
(ii) Evaluate P(X  3).
(iii) Calculate the expected weekly income of the salesman assuming he works five days per
week.
OR
(iii) Calculate the expected weekly income of the salesman assuming he works only for three
days of the week.
Sol. (i) Using  P(X)  1 , we get 0.42  3k  0.3  0.05  2k  0.03  1
 5k  1  0.8  0.2
2 1
k or, or, 0.04 .
50 25
(ii) P(X  3)  P(X  3)  P(X  4)  P(X  5)
 P(X  3)  0.05  2k  0.03  0.08  2 (0.04)  0.16 .

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(iii) Expected sales is, E(x)   X.P(X)  0  0.12  0.6  0.15  0.32  0.15  1.34 .
As the daily income is Y  800X  50 so, Y  ` 800 (1.34)  50  ` 1122 .
Clearly, the income for 5 days will be 5Y  `5610.
OR
(iii) Expected sales is, E(x)   X.P(X)  0  0.12  0.6  0.15  0.32  0.15  1.34 .
As the daily income is Y  800X  50 so, Y  ` 800 (1.34)  50  ` 1122 .
Clearly, the income for 3 days will be 3Y  `3366.
38. An architect is developing a plot of land for a commercial complex. When asked about the
dimensions of the plot, he said that if the length is decreased by 25 m and the breadth is
increased by 25 m, then its area increases by 625 m 2 . If the length is decreased by 20 m and the
breadth is increased by 10 m, then its area decreases by 200 m 2 .

On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Formulate the linear equations in x and y to represent the given information.
(ii) Find the dimensions of the plot of land by matrix method.
Sol. (i) According to the situation given, (x  25)(y  25)  xy  625 and (x  20)(y  10)  xy  200
So, x  y  50 and; x  2y  0 .
 1 1   50  x
(ii) Let A    , B    and X    .
 1 2  0   y
1  2 1 50 
As AX  B implies, X  A 1B so, X    
2  1  1 1 0 
1  100 
X  
1  50 
 x  100 
  
 y   50 
By equality of matrices, we get x  100, y  50 .
Hence, the length and breadth of the plot is 100 and 50 (in m) respectively.

 Q.P. Code - 65/S/2

01. If A and B are two square matrices of order 2 and A  2 and B  5 , then 3 AB is
(a) 90 (b) 30 (c) 30 (d) 90
2
Sol. (d) 3 AB  (3) AB  9 A B  9  2  5  90 .
dy
07. If x  at 2 and y  2at , then is equal to
dx
1 1 1
(a) 2at (b) (c)  (d) 
t t2 2at 3
dx dy
Sol. (b)   2at and  2a
dt dt
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dy dy/dt 2a 1
    .
dx dx/dt 2at t
08. The function f (x)  x  x , where x   is
(a) continuous and differentiable at x  0
(b) continuous but not differentiable at x  0
(c) not continuous but differentiable at x  0
(d) neither continuous nor differentiable at x  0
0, if x  0 0, if x  0
Sol. (b) Note that f (x)   implies, f (x)   .
2x, if x  0 2, if x  0
Since Lf (0)  2 and Rf (0)  0 i.e., they are both defined but not same.
Hence, the function f is not differentiable at x  0 .
3log x 4 1
11.  e (x  1) dx is equal to
1 1  1 
(a) log(x 4  1)  C (b) log  4   C
4 4  x 1 
x3 e x
(C) 4 C (d) 4 C
x 1 x 1
3 1 1
Sol. (a)  e3log x (x 4  1)1 dx   elog x  4 dx   x 3  4 dx
(x  1) (x  1)
1 4x 3  f (x)
  4 dx  dx  log f (x)  c
4 (x  1)  f (x)
1
 log (x 4  1)  C .
4
dy
14. A particular solution of the differential equation x  y  0, when x  1 and y  1, is
dx
1
(a) y  x (b) y  e x (c) y  (d) y  log x
x
dy dy dx
Sol. (c) x  y  0 gives  0
dx y x
dy dx
On integrating,     0 we get log y  log x  log c, c  0
y x
We can rewrite it as log xy  log c i.e., xy  c .
Since x  1, when y  1 so, 1 1  c  c  1
1
Hence, the required particular solution is xy  1 or, y  .
x
16. A vector makes equal angles with positive directions of x , y and z axes. The direction cosines
of the vector are
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
(a) , , (b) , , (c) , , (d) , ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 6 6 6
1
Sol. (a) Since      so, by using cos2   cos2   cos2   1 we get 3cos 2   1 i.e., cos  
3
1 1 1
Hence, the direction cosines of the vector are , , .
3 3 3
17. The vector equation of the line passing through the points (0, 0, 2) and (3, –2, 5) is
16 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics
 YouTube channel - Mathematicia By O.P. Gupta  theopgupta.com

 
(a) r  2kˆ   3iˆ  2ˆj  5k
  (b) r  2kˆ   3iˆ  2ˆj  5k
 
 
(c) r  2kˆ    3iˆ  2ˆj  3k  (d) r  3iˆ  2ˆj  5k   2kˆ
 
 
Sol. (c) r  0iˆ  0jˆ  2kˆ   (3  0)iˆ  (2  0)ˆj  (5  2)kˆ  i.e., r  2kˆ    3iˆ  2ˆj  3k  .
 
 13   
  cos  cos   tan  3  .
1 1 1
21. Evaluate: sin  sin
 6   3
 13  1  
Sol. sin 1  sin
 6
  cos  cos   tan
  3 
 
1
3

     
 sin 1  sin  2     
  6  3 3
        5
 sin 1  sin        .
 6 3 3 6 3 3 6
25. Find the value of k so that the lines joining the points (1, –1, 2) and (3, 4, k) is perpendicular to
the line joining the points (0, 3, 2) and (3, 5, 6).
Sol. The direction ratios of the both lines are respectively 3–1, 4–(–1), k–2 and 3–0, 5–3, 6–2 i.e.,
2, 5, k  2 and 3, 2, 4 .
Since lines are perpendicular so, by using a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2  0 we get
(2)(3)  (5)(2)  (k  2)(4)  0
 6  10  4k  8  0
 4k  8  0
 k  2 .
 1 x 2  dy
27. (a) If y  cos 1  2 
, 0  x  1, then find .
1 x  dx
OR
dy log x
(b) If x y  e x  y , prove that  .
dx {log(xe)}2
Sol. (a) Put x  tan     tan 1 x
 1 x2  2
1  1  tan  
Now y  cos 1  2 
 cos  2
1
  cos cos 2  2 { cos1 cos x  x, x  [0, ]
 1  x   1  tan  
Hence, y  2 tan 1 x
dy 2
  .
dx 1  x 2
 
As 0  x  1 implies 0  tan   1  0    i.e., 0  2  .
4 2
OR
(b) x y  e x  y
Taking log on both the sides, we get log x y  log e x  y
 y log x  (x  y) log e
 y log x  (x  y) [ log e  1
x
 y (1  log x)  x or, y 
(1  log x)

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 17

CBSE 2024 Exams - Maths (041) By O.P. GUPTA (INDIRA Award Winner)

 1
(1  log x)  1  x  0  
dy  x (1  log x)  1
Now  2

dx (1  log x) (log e  log x) 2
dy log x
Hence,  .
dx {log(xe)}2
29. Find the particular solution of the differential equation

x cos y dy  (x e x log x  e x ) dx given that y  when x  1.
2
(x e log x  e x ) dx
x
Sol. On rewriting the D.E., we get cos y dy 
x
 1
On integrating, we get  cos y dy   e x log x   dx
 x
 e x  f (x)  f (x)  dx  e x f (x)  c
 
 sin y  e x log x  c  1
 Here f (x)  log x , f (x)  x
 
Also it is given that y  when x  1. So, sin  e1 log1  c  c  1 .
2 2
Hence, the required particular solution is sin y  e x log x  1 .
30. Show that the vectors 3iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ , 2iˆ  ˆj  8kˆ and 4iˆ  2ˆj  7kˆ form the vertices of a right
triangle.
Sol. Let A(3iˆ  ˆj  2k)
ˆ , B(2iˆ  ˆj  8k)
ˆ and C (4iˆ  2ˆj  7k)
ˆ .
  
Now AB  ˆi  2ˆj  6k, ˆ BC  2iˆ  ˆj  k,
ˆ CA  ˆi  3jˆ  5kˆ .
   
Note that AB  BC  CA  0iˆ  0ˆj  0kˆ  0 .
Clearly A, B and C form a triangle.
   
Further note that CB.CA  (2iˆ  ˆj  k).(ˆ ˆi  3jˆ  5k)
ˆ  2  3  5  0 , which implies CB  CA .
Hence, A, B and C form a right triangle where C  90o .
32. Check whether the relation S in the set of all real number () defined by S  {(a , b) : a  b2 } is
reflexive, symmetric or transitive. Also, determine all x   such that (x, x)  S .
2
1 1
Sol. For reflexivity : Observe that    is not true.
2 2
1 1
That is,  ,   S .
2 2
So, S is not reflexive.
For symmetry : Observe that 1  (3)2 is true but 3  (1)2 is not true.
That is, (1, 3)  S but (3,  1)  S .
So, S is not symmetric.
For transitivity : Observe that 1  (2)2 and 2  02 are both true but 1  02 is not true.
That is, (1,  2)  S and (2, 0)  S but (1, 0)  S .
So, S is not transitive.
Now when (x, x)  S , then x  x 2 i.e., x 2  x  0 i.e., x(x  1)  0 .
Clearly, it is possible only when x  0 or x  1 i.e., when x    (0, 1) .

18 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

 YouTube channel - Mathematicia By O.P. Gupta  theopgupta.com

 Q.P. Code - 65/S/3

07. If f (x)  x x , then f (e) is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) e e (d) 2ee
Sol. (d) f (x)  x x  e x log x
 1 
 f (x)  e x log x   x   log x  1  x x (1  log x)
 x 
e
So, f (e)  e (1  log e)  2e e
[ log e  1
08. The function f given by f (x)  x  3x  3x , x   is increasing on
3 2

(a) 1,   (b) (1, ) (c) ( , ) (d) ( , 1)

Sol. (c) Since f (x)  3 x 2  6x  3  3(x 2  2x  1)  3(x  1) 2  0  x   .
Hence, f is increasing on x   i.e., x  ( , ) .
 /3
11.  log (tan x) dx is equal to
 /6

  
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d)
2 4 12
 /3
Sol. (c) Let I   log (tan x) dx …(i)
 /6
 /3
   
I  log  tan  6  3  x  dx
/ 6
 /3
  
I  log  tan  2  x  dx
/ 6
 /3  /3
 1 
I  log (cot x) dx I  log  tan x  dx
/ 6 / 6
 /3
 I    log (tan x) dx
 /6

By (i), I   I  2I  0
Therefore, I  0 .
dy 1
14. The integrating factor of the differential equation (x 2  1)  2xy  2 is
dx x 1
2
(a) e 2x (b) e x 1 (c) log (x 2  1) (d) x 2  1
dy  2x  1 2x 1
Sol. (d) Rewriting the D.E., we get  2 y  2 . Here P(x)  2 , Q(x)  2 .
dx  x  1  (x  1) 2
x 1 (x  1) 2
2x
 2 dx log x 2 1
Hence, I.F.  e x 1  e  x 2  1.
 
16. The vectors a  2iˆ  4ˆj  kˆ and b  3iˆ  6ˆj  kˆ are collinear if value of  is
3 2
(a) 30 (b) 30 (c) (d)
2 3
  2 4 
Sol. (d) If a  2iˆ  4ˆj  kˆ and b  3iˆ  6ˆj  kˆ are collinear, then we must have  
3 6 1
2
That is,   .
3

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 19

CBSE 2024 Exams - Maths (041) By O.P. GUPTA (INDIRA Award Winner)

17. The vector equation of the line passing through the origin and perpendicular to the lines
x y z x y z
  and   is
1 0 0 0 0 1
   
ˆ
(a) r   i (b) r  ˆj (c) r  kˆ  
(d) r   iˆ  kˆ
 
Sol. (b) Let the required vector equation passing through origin be r  0   (aiˆ  bjˆ  ck) ˆ …(i)
x y z x y z
Since (i) is perpendicular to the lines   and   .
1 0 0 0 0 1
By using a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2  0 , we get a  0, c  0
  ˆ , which can be rewritten as r  ˆj .
By (i), the line becomes r  0   (0iˆ  bjˆ  0k)
 3   13  1  1
21. Find the value of tan 1  tan   cos1  cos   sin    .
 5   6   2
 3   13  1  1
Sol. tan 1  tan   cos1  cos   sin    .
 5   6   2
  2         
 tan 1  tan       cos 1  cos  2       
  5    6   6 
  2       
 tan 1   tan     cos 1  cos    
  5    6  6
  2    
 tan 1  tan      
  5  6 6
2
 .
5
25. Find the Cartesian equation of the line passing through the origin, perpendicular to y-axis and
making equal acute angles with x and z axes.

Sol. For required line passing through origin, we have   ,    ; where , ,  are the direction
2
angles.

Using cos2   cos2   cos 2   1 , we get cos2   cos 2  cos2   1
2
2
 2 cos   0  1
1
 cos  
2
1 1
That is, the direction cosines of the line are , 0, .
2 2
x 0 y0 z0 x y z
Hence, the required Cartesian equation is   i.e.,   .
1 0 1 1 0 1
2 2
2
1 d y dy
27. (a) If y  e a cos x , then show that (1  x 2 ) 2  x  a 2 y  0.
dx dx
OR
dy
(b) Find , if y  x cos x  2sin x .
dx
a cos 1 x
Sol. (a) y  e

20 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

 YouTube channel - Mathematicia By O.P. Gupta  theopgupta.com

1  a 
 y  e a cos x
 
2
 1 x 
1
 1  x 2 y  a ea cos x

 x  1  a 
 1  x 2 y  y    a e a cos x   
2 2
 1 x   1 x 
1
 (1  x 2 ) y  x y  a 2 ea cos x
d2 y dy
Hence, (1  x 2 ) 2
x  a 2 y  0.
dx dx
OR
(b) y  x cos x  2sin x
cos x
 y  elog x  2sin x
 y  e cos x log x  2sin x
dy  1 
  ecos x log x cos x   log x ( sin x)   2sin x log 2  cos x
dx  x 
dy  cos x 
  x cos x   (sin x) log x   2sin x log 2  cos x .
dx  x 
dy
29. Find the general solution of the differential equation  xy log x log y.
dx
dy
Sol. Rewriting the D.E., we get  x log x dx
y log y
dy
On integrating, we get   x log x dx
y log y 
 d 
 log log y  log x  x dx    (log x)  x dx  dx
 dx 
x2  1 x2 
 log log y  log x      dx
2 x 2 
x2 1 x2
 log log y  log x    c
2 2 2
2
x x2
 log log y  log x   c .
2 4
30. Find all the vectors of magnitude 8 14 units that are perpendicular to the vectors 2iˆ  kˆ and
2ˆj  3kˆ .
 
Sol. Let a  2iˆ  k,
ˆ b  2ˆj  3kˆ .
 a  b 
Required vector will be given by : 8 14      …(i)
 ab 
 
ˆi ˆj kˆ
   
Now a  b  2 0 1  2iˆ  6ˆj  4kˆ , a  b  4  36  16  2 14
0 2 3

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 21

CBSE 2024 Exams - Maths (041) By O.P. GUPTA (INDIRA Award Winner)

 2iˆ  6ˆj  4kˆ 

By (i), required vectors are 8 14     4 (2iˆ  6jˆ  4k)
ˆ   (8iˆ  24ˆj  16k)
ˆ .
 2 14 
32. Prove that the relation R in the set of integers Z defined as
R  {(a , b) : 2 divides (a  b)} is an equivalence relation. Also, determine [3].
Sol. Since a  a  2a is always divisible by 2 for all a  Z . So, (a, a)  R . Therefore, R is reflexive.
Let (a, b)  R for all a, b  Z . Then 2 divides (a  b) .
It clearly means that 2 divides (b  a) . That further implies that (b, a)  R .
Therefore, R is symmetric.
Let (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R for all a, b, c  Z .
Now (a, b)  R implies, 2 divides (a  b) i.e., either a and b both are even or odd integers.
and; (b, c)  R implies, 2 divides (b  c) i.e., either b and c both are even or odd integers.
When a is even, then c is even implies that 2 divides (a  c) i.e., (a, c)  R ; when a is odd, then
c is odd implies that 2 divides (a  c) i.e., (a, c)  R .
Therefore, R is transitive.
Hence, R is equivalence relation as R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
For the equivalence class [3], let (3, p)  R  p  Z .
That implies, 2 divides (3  p) .
Clearly, p  1,  3,  5, ... i.e., p is an odd integer.
Hence, [3]  {1,  3,  5, ...} .

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
With regards,
O.P. GUPTA
Author & Math Mentor
Indira Award Winner
 The O.P. Gupta Advanced Math Classes
@ Think Academy, Najafgarh
Telegram / WhatsApp : +919650350480

YouTube.com/@theopgupta

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