Features of word Processor

insert text: Allows you to insert text anywhere in the document. delete text: Allows you to erase characters, words, lines, or pages as easily as you can cross them out on paper. cut and paste : Allows you to remove (cut) a section of text from one place in a document and insert (paste) it somewhere else. copy : Allows you to duplicate a section of text. page size and margins : Allows you to define various page sizes and margins, and the word processor will automatically readjust the text so that it fits. search and replace : Allows you to direct the word processor to search for a particular word or phrase. You can also direct the word processor to replace one group of characters with another everywhere that the first group appears. word wrap : The word processor automatically moves to the next line when you have filled one line with text, and it will readjust text if you change the margins. print: Allows you to send a document to a printer to get hardcopy. file management : Many word processors contain file management capabilities that allow you to create, delete, move, and search for files. font specifications: Allows you to change fonts within a document. For example, you can specify bold, italics, and underlining. Most word processors also let you change the font size and even the typeface. footnotes and cross-references: Automates the numbering and placement of footnotes and enables you to easily cross-reference other sections of the document. graphics: Allows you to embed illustrations and graphs into a document. Some word processors let you create the illustrations within the word processor; others let you insert an illustration produced by a different program. headers , footers , and page numbering: Allows you to specify customized headers and footers that the word processor will put at the top and bottom of every page. The word processor automatically keeps track of page numbers so that the correct number appears on each page. layout : Allows you to specify different margins within a single document and to specify various methods for indenting paragraphs.

macros : A macro is a character or word that represents a series of keystrokes. The keystrokes can represent text or commands. The ability to define macros allows you to save yourself a lot of time by replacing common combinations of keystrokes. merges: Allows you to merge text from one file into another file. This is particularly useful for generating many files that have the same format but different data. Generating mailing labels is the classic example of using merges. spell checker : A utility that allows you to check the spelling of words. It will highlight any words that it does not recognize. tables of contents and indexes: Allows you to automatically create a table of contents and index based on special codes that you insert in the document. thesaurus: A built-in thesaurus that allows you to search for synonyms without leaving the word processor. windows : Allows you to edit two or more documents at the same time. Each document appears in a separate window. This is particularly valuable when working on a large project that consists of several different files. WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get): With WYSIWYG, a document appears on the display screen exactly as it will look when printed

Features of Database Management System

A DBMS is a software program that typically operates on a database server or mainframe system to manage structured data, accept queries from users, and respond to those queries. A typical DBMS has the following features:

Provides a way to structure data as records, tables, or objects Accepts data input from operators and stores that data for later retrieval Provides query languages for searching, sorting, reporting, and other "decision support" activities that help users correlate and make sense of collected data Provides multi user access to data, along with security features that prevent some users from viewing and/or changing certain types of information Provides data integrity features that prevent more than one user from accessing and changing the same information simultaneously Provides a data dictionary (metadata) that describes the structure of the database, related files, and record information

Most DBMS systems are client/server based and operate over networks. The DBMS is an engine that typically runs on a powerful server or cluster of servers, in a SAN (storage area network) environment or mainframe with a high-performance channel to a large data store. The DBMS accepts requests from clients that may require sorting

and extracting data. Once the server has processed the request, it returns the information to the client.

Features of Presentation Software

Presentation software is used to display information, normally in the form of a slide. It typically includes three major functions: 1. An Editor - Allows text to be inserted and formatted 2. Method for inserting and manipulating graphic images, or animations with these objects 3. Slide show system (Slide Show Engine) to display the designed slide content Basic Presentation Software features are: 1. Insert Slide Feature: Allows you to inset slide anywhere in the presentation, at the beginning, middle or end. 2. Deletion of Inserted slides: Any slide of the presentation can be removed. 3. Allows cut and paste slides in any order. 4. Allows duplication content or slide 5. Allows you to display the presentation designed in a slide show system. (View Slide Feature) 6. Allows animations and/or sounds manipulations on objects in the slide. 7. Simple Find and Replace, and text editor features. Full Featured Presentation software need more features than that above: 8. Good font specifications - Allows you to change and use different font faces, styles, and effects 9. Additional features for slide: footnotes, cross references, advanced navigation system, headers, footers 10. Good layout management system: Presets or Customized layout designing 11. Macros - for add interactive features 12. Spell checkers and dictionary support

Features of spreadsheet (Excel) Cell contents and entering information into cells; A spreadsheet is a big table, with entries called cells. Each cells position is labeled by its row and column. For example, the 2nd cell in the top row is A2. A cell may contain text, data, or an equation. Text, typed directly into a cell, is useful to label column headings etc. Data are numbers that may be used in calculations. Data is also typed directly into a cell.

You can modify the format of any cell, or a column of cells. Highlight the values you want to format and choose Format from the main menu bar, then choose Cells or Column as appropriate. If you choose the Number tab and the Number category (below General), then you can adjust the number of decimal places displayed. Equations take contents of cells, operate on them as indicated in the equation, and put the result into the cell containing the equation. An Excel equation begins with an equal sign. For example, if cell B3 contains the number 4, and cell B4 contained the equation =B3+5 then the number 9 would appear in cell B4. If you look at the spreadsheet, you do not see the equations, but rather the results. When you click on a particular cell, the actual equation is seen in the equation box, above the top row of the spreadsheet, and must be edited in the equation box. Equations may include functions, some quite complicated. These functions can be chosen with the x symbol on the menu bar. Moving around the spreadsheet. You can move to any cell using either the mouse or the gray arrows on the keyboard. Sometimes you may wish to do something to a block of cells. Highlight multiple cells by moving the mouse to the upper left of the block you wish to highlight, clicking and holding down the left mouse key, and them moving the mouse to the lower right of the block and releasing. Modifying cell entries. You can change cell contents without retyping the entire line. Click on the cell, so that the cell contents appear in the cell contents box above the spreadsheet. Using the mouse, place the cursor in the cell contents box where you want the correction, make the correction, and press the Enter key. To delete the contents of a cell or cells, highlight the cell(s) and press the delete key. Delete and backspace do not necessarily function the same way in Copying cell contents. The power of a spreadsheet is in doing a calculation many times. To copy the contents of a cell, highlight the cell. There will be a blinking outline, indicating that the contents are to be copied. Click on the copy icon on the menu bar (to the right of the scissors). Move the cursor to the cell where you wish to place the copy, and highlight it. You may copy to many cells at once, by holding the mouse button down as you highlight cells. Click on the paste icon (next to the copy icon). When you copy an equation, Excel automatically adjusts the cell references. For example, if cell B4 is =B3+5, and you copy it to cell C4, then C4 will contain =C3+5. If you do not want a cell reference to be adjusted, place a dollar sign $ before the row or column specifier that should not change. For example, suppose you have a constant in cell B1, and you want to add it to the values in column A, starting in A5, putting the results starting in B5. First, type "=A5 +B$1" in cell B5. Then copy that formula to B6 etc. When you cut and paste an equation to a new location, the cell references are not adjusted. Therefore moving equations can have unintended consequences if you are not very careful. Whenever you move an equation (cut and paste or copy), always look at the resulting equation and result to double check that the cells to which the equation refers are the ones you want!

Functions. Excel comes with many built in functions. One important example is SQRT. To put in cell D12 the square root of the contents of cell C12, type =SQRT(C12) in cell D12. The argument may be a number, a cell (which contains a number) or an expression. Other mathematical functions include LN( ), LOG10( ), SIN( ), COS( ) and many more. PI( ) with no argument gives the value of . These are listed under the x symbol on the menu bar. There are also a number of functions that can operate on a range of cells. COUNT(B3:B15) counts the number of cells in the B column between 3 and 15, which contain numbers (blank cells are not counted). SUM(D2:D9) adds the contents of the cells. You can either select the function from the menu or type in the abbreviation. Getting Help. Click on the small icon with a question mark, or use the Help command on the menu bar: put the mouse on the word help, hold the left button down, and drag the mouse down to select the form of help you want. Printing the spreadsheet. You can print the active spreadsheet by pressing on the printer icon. If you wish to print only part of the spreadsheet or you need to change the part of the spreadsheet being printed, use the page setup command on the drag-down menu under File. Please avoid excessive printing: use the print preview command under File (page with a magnifying glass on it) to see if there is a better way to set up your file before printing. Graphs One of the most powerful features of spreadsheets is their ability to prepare graphs. Spreadsheet packages come with many kinds of graphs and in Excel these are easily constructed. Once you have data (!) click on the Chart Wizard icon (a little bar graph) and follow the series of steps. Step 1. Chart Type. Always use XY (Scatter) plot for plotting data. Step 2. Chart Source Data. Specify the data by referring to the range of cells (x, then y, separated by a comma), or highlight the cells directly. If your data for the x and y-axes are not in adjacent columns, use the Series tab to enter the data independently. The labels for the data that will appear in the legend are also entered with the Series tab. You can add additional columns as well and plot more than one set of y values against the same xaxis. Step 3. Chart Options. The five tabs here are important to be familiar with. Titles. Here you input the title for your graph and label the axes. All graphs must have a title and labeled axes. Axes. This box toggles the scales on each axis on and off. All axes must have a scale. Gridlines. You can add gridlines of different spacing to both the x and yaxes. This is used only when you need to read a value off the graph that you have not plotted explicitly. Legend. This box is used to add a legend. If you have only one data set, do not include a legend. Data Labels. If you want the x and/or y coordinates of every point to be printed on the graph, that is done here. Step 4. Chart Location. You can choose to have your chart (graph) on a separate sheet (page) or as an object in the spreadsheet you are already working with (on the same page as your data).

Once you have a chart (graph), you may get back into any of the steps above and change the settings through the menus. (You can also use Chart Wizard if you click on the graph first. Otherwise you will start a new graph.) Click on your graph so that you see 8 black boxes around the outside. Choose the Chart menu from above. Note the Chart menu is only there when you click on your graph. If you click somewhere else in the spreadsheet, so that your graph does not have the boxes around it, there will be a Data menu instead. In the Chart menu, you will see Chart Type, Source Data, Chart Options, and Location. If you want to completely get rid of a chart, but the not the data, click on the chart and hit Delete.