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1.evolution of Microprocessor

useful notes for beginners

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9 views

1.evolution of Microprocessor

useful notes for beginners

Uploaded by

hkkhok1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Evolution of Microprocessors

4 Bit Microprocessor(4004)

• The first microprocessor was introduced in


1971 by Intel Corp.
• It was named Intel 4004 as it was a 4 bit
processor.
• It performs simple arithmetic and logical
operations such as addition, subtraction,
Boolean AND, Boolean OR.
8-bit Microprocessors
• 8008
• The first 8 bit microprocessor was introduced
in 1973 by Intel Corp and named as 8008.
• This could perform arithmetic and logic
operations on 8 bit data.
• It can access 16KB memory.
• Interrupts are introduced.
8-bit Microprocessors
• 8080
• To overcome the problems in 8008 the Intel
Corp was introduced 8080 in 1974.
• Memory size was increased to 64KB.
• More number of instructions.
• Instruction execution speed increased which
was 10 times faster than 8008.
• Less Cost
8-bit Microprocessors
• With increasing popularity of Intel
microprocessors other companies brought
their products into market.
• Z80 processor by Zilog.
• M6800 processor by Motorola.
• Altair8800 processor by Altair. It was used in
first personal computer.
8-bit Microprocessors
• 8085
• The Intel Corp introduced 8085 microprocessor
in 1976.
• It is popular 8 bit microprocessor.
• It has on chip memory called registers which
can store the data temporarily.
• Execution speed increases due to change in
hardware technology.
• Number of instructions are 246.
16-bit Microprocessors
• 8086
• The 8 bit processors were followed by 16 bit
processors. They are, Intel 8086 in 1978.
• 16 bit data bus.
• 20 bit address bus.
• Access 1MB memory.
• Supports Pipelined architecture.
• Supports minimum and maximum mode.
• It has fourteen 16 bit registers.
BUS

Bus is a collection of wires.


Address Bus: It sends a memory address along the bus from
the CPU to the memory. To fetch or write data, the cpu needs
to tell the RAM the address.
Data Bus: It sends the actual data to and from the memory.
Memory Accessing

Memory
Processor
00 18
1 1 Address Bus
01 09

10 17
Data Bus
11 25
Without Pipelining
1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9s

F1 D1 E1 F2 D2 E2 F3 D3 E3
With Pipelining
1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s

F1 F2 F3

D1 E1 D2 E2 D3 E3
16-bit Microprocessors
• 80186
• More functional units added to the 8086
processor like on chip programmable timer unit
and programmable interrupt unit.
• 80286
• Execution speed is 4 MIPS.
• 24 bit address bus.
• Memory addressing capacity 16M byte.
• Supports virtual memory.
32-bit Microprocessors
• 80386
• It is a first 32 bit data bus introduced
• 32 bit address bus
• It can access 4GB memory
• With virtual memory 64terabytes
• It is designed for laptops.
• Special power management features were
added to work with batteries.
32-bit Microprocessors
• All the microprocessors discussed so far were general
purpose processors and could not handle
mathematical operations rapidly. For this reason,
8087, 80287, 80387 numeric data processing chips
called math co-processors were used.
• 80486
• Built in math co-processor in a single chip.
• It can also do floating point operations.
• Built in parity checker and generator.
• It executes 50MIPS.
64-bit Microprocessors
• PENTIUM series
• Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III

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