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Light Notes

Self made notes for class 10. Provide you all the important topics

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adifatwani
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33 views8 pages

Light Notes

Self made notes for class 10. Provide you all the important topics

Uploaded by

adifatwani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIGHT

(Sheet – 2)

1-Spherical Mirrors :
If the reflecting surface is part of the hollow sphere then the mirror is a spherical
mirror.

A- Concave mirror :

A concave mirror, or converging mirror, has a reflecting surface that is recessed


inward (away from the incident light). Concave mirrors reflect light inward to one
focal point

.
B-Convex mirror :
Convex Mirror is a curved mirror where the reflective surface bulges out toward the light source.

2-Parameters of Mirror:

• Center of Curvature (C): The centre of hollow sphere of which mirror is a part.
• The radius of curvature (R): The radius of hollow sphere of which mirror is a part.
• Pole (P): The centre of mirror (middle point) is pole.
• Principal axis: The line joining the pole and center of curvature is called principal
axis.
• Aperture: Size of mirror is called aperture of mirror.
• Principal Focus (F): The point on the principal axis, where all the incident rays
parallel to principal axis converge or diverge after reflection through mirror.
• Focal Length (f): The distance between pole and focus point is focal length.

3- Ray Diagram :
A ray diagram is a diagram that traces the path that light takes in order for a
person to view a point on the image of an object.

Rules of Ray Diagram for Representation of Images Formed –

• A ray of light which is parallel to the principal axis of a spherical mirror, after
reflection converges or diverges from focus.

• A ray of light passing through or appearing from the focus of spherical


mirror becomes parallel to the principal axis.

• A ray of light passing through or appearing from the center of curvature of


spherical mirror is reflected back along the same path.
• A ray of light which is incident at the pole of a spherical mirror is reflected
back making same angle with principal axis.

4- Image formation by Concave Mirror :


5- Image formation by Concvex Mirror :

6 – Mirror Formula (Equation) :

• The distance between the object and the pole of the mirror is called
Object distance(u).
• The distance between the image and the pole of the mirror is called
Image distance(v).
• The distance between the Principal focus and the pole of the mirror is
called Focal Length(f).
7- Sign Conversations :

• For the measurement of all the distances, the optical center of the lens
is considered.
• When the distances are measured opposite to the direction of the
incident light, they are considered to be negative.
• When the distances are measured in the same direction of the incident
light, they are considered to be positive.
• When the heights are measured upwards and perpendicular to the
principal axis, they are considered to be positive.
• When the heights are measured downwards and perpendicular to the
principal axis, they are considered to be negative.
• For diverging or convex mirrors, the focal length is always positive.
• For a converging or concave mirror, the focal length is always negative.
8- Relationship between focal length (f) and Radius of Curvature :

9- Magnification:
The ratio of the height of the image formed to the height of the object is
called Magnification.

10- Uses of Concave Mirror :


Concave Mirrors are used in -

• Shaving mirrors
• Head mirrors
• Ophthalmoscope
• Astronomical telescopes
• Headlights
• Solar furnaces

(Solar furnace) (Ophthalmoscope)

11 – Uses of Convex Mirror :


• Convex mirrors are used in the rear-view mirrors of all the vehicles.
• Convex mirrors are also used for security purposes in building hallways, in shops, etc.
• On roads, driveways, and alleys there are convex mirrors angularly kept especially at
curves and turns to improve visibility.
• In automated teller machines (ATM), there is a convex mirror present close to the top of
the machine.
• It can be used in sunglasses.
• Convex mirrors are also used in making magnifying glasses.
• They are used in street lights as they are good reflectors of light.
• They are used in telescopes too.

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