MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE &

OTHER MEASURES OF
POSITION
EJ Abitong
 MEAN
The mean is the average of a data set. Summarizes an entire dataset with a
single number representing the data's center point or typical value.
Mean = 𝑥lj
Example. Find the mean of the set values:
Formula for the mean: 2, 6, 4, 5, 10, 11, 14, 15, 11
σ𝑥
𝑥lj = σ𝑥
𝑛 𝑥lj =
𝑛
2 + 6 + 4 + 5 + 10 + 11 + 14 + 15 + 11
𝑥lj =
9
78
𝑥lj = 𝑥lj = 8.67
9
 MEAN
σ𝑥 Example 2. Suppose a basketball team has 12 players and their height is
𝑥lj = (in cm) are as follows:
𝑛 181 205 189 185 190 191
191 201 194 187 188 183
 MEAN
Example 3. A professor gave 5 test in statistical Analysis. Princess got the following score in
the first four tests: 85, 79, 82, 84. What must be her score if the fifth test so that her average
is 83?

σ𝑥 𝑋1 + 𝑋2 + 𝑋3 + 𝑋4 + 𝑋5
𝑥lj = 𝑥lj =
𝑛
(5)83 = 330+ X5
𝑛
85+79+82+84+𝑋5 X5 = 415 – 330
83 =
5
330+𝑋5 Multiply the divisor X5 = 85
83 = to the mean
5
 MEDIAN
The median is the value in the middle of a data set. The median is the middle
number in a sorted, ascending or descending list of numbers and can be more
descriptive of that data set than the average.

Example 1. Find the median of the following values: n = 10 (even)

36, 40, 12, 16, 23, 25, 51, 38, 45, 17 12, 16, 17, 23, 25, 36, 38, 40, 45, 51

30.5 - Median (Md)

Example 1. Find the median of the following values:

22, 23, 24, 25, 29, 37, 40, 45, 47, 51, 58
 MODE
The mode is the value that appears most often in a set of data values.

Example 1. Find the mode of the following values:

12, 12, 12, 16, 17, 23, 25, 36, 38, 40, 45, 51 Mo = 12 (Unimodal)

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 18, 19 Mo = None

16, 10, 12, 13, 17, 24, 25, 17, 38, 12 Mo = 12, 17 (Bimodal)

24, 5, 19, 5, 6, 5, 8, 7, 9, 7, 7, 13, 9, 14, 9, 10 Mo = 5, 7, 9 ( Trimodal

 FREQUENCY TABLE

CLASS GREATER
Mean
CLASS FREQUE CLASS LESS THAN
THAN
LIMIT NCY (f) MARK (Xi)
BOUNDARIES

(CB)
(<CF) f𝑥 FORMULA OF MEAN:
(<CF)
σ 𝒇𝒙
𝑥lj = 𝒏
9 -13 4 11 8.5 – 13.5 6 30 44

𝟓𝟕𝟎
14 – 18 10 16 13.5 – 18.5 14 24 160
𝑥lj = 𝟑𝟎

19 - 23 12 21 18.5 – 23.5 26 16 252

𝑥lj = 19
24 - 28 2 26 23.5 – 28.5 28 4 52

29 - 33 2 31 28.5 – 33.5 30 2 62

n = 30
෍ 𝑓𝑥 = 560
 FREQUENCY TABLE Median
CLASS FREQUE CLASS
CLASS
LESS THAN
GREATER (Group Data)
THAN
LIMIT NCY (f) MARK (Xi)
BOUNDARIES

(CB)
(<CF) f𝑥
(<CF)
FORMULA OF MEDIAN:
𝑛
− <𝑐𝑓𝑏
9 -13 4 11 8.5 – 13.5 6 30 44 Mo =𝑙𝑐𝑏 + 2
c
𝑓𝑚𝑜

14 – 18 10 16 13.5 – 18.5 14 24 160

30
−14
Me = 18.5 + 2
5
19 - 23 12 21 18.5 – 23.5 26 16 252 𝑥lj = 19 12

Me = 18.5 +0.42
24 - 28 2 26 23.5 – 28.5 28 4 52

Me = 18.92
29 - 33 2 31 28.5 – 33.5 30 2 62

n = 30
 FREQUENCY TABLE
Mode
CLASS FREQUE CLASS
CLASS
LESS THAN
GREATER (Group Data)
THAN
LIMIT NCY (f) MARK (Xi)
BOUNDARIES

(CB)
(<CF) f𝑥
(<CF)
FORMULA OF MODE:
𝑑1
9 -13 4 11 8.5 – 13.5 6 30 44
Mo =𝑙𝑐𝑏 + 𝑑1+𝑑2
c
D1 = 12 - 10
2
14 – 18 10 16 13.5 – 18.5 14 24 160 Mo = 18.5 + 5
2+10

19 - 23 12 21 18.5 – 23.5 26 16 252 𝑥lj =19 Mo = 18.5 +0.83

24 - 28 2 26 23.5 – 28.5 28 4 52
Mo = 19.33
D1 = 12 - 2
29 - 33 2 31 28.5 – 33.5 30 2 62
 QUARTILE, DECILE & PERCENTILE

Quartiles: distribution is divided into quarters. 4

Deciles: distribution is divided into tenths. 10
Percentile: distribution is divided into hundredths. 100
Set A = { 9, 11, 14, 15, 18, 25, 29, 38, 48,49 50, 52, 65, 70, 72}

Quartile
𝑘
𝑄𝑘 = 𝑛+1
4

3 1
𝑄3 = 15 + 1 𝑄1 = 15 + 1
4 4

3 1
𝑄3 = 16 = 12 𝑄1 = 16 =4
4 4
Set A = { 9, 11, 14, 15, 18, 25, 29, 38, 48,49 50, 52, 65, 70, 72}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Decile
𝐷𝑘 =
𝑘
𝑛+1 𝐷7 = 51
10

7
𝐷7 = 15 + 1
10
7
𝐷7 = 16 = 11.2
10
Set A = { 9, 11, 14, 15, 18, 25, 29, 38, 48,49 50, 52, 65, 70, 72}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Percentile
𝑃𝑘 =
𝑘
𝑛+1 𝑃47 = 33.5
100

47
𝑃47 = 15 + 1
100

47
𝑃47 = 16 = 7.52
100