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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
SELF CONCEPT:
Imagine yourself looking into a mirror. What do you see? Do you see your ideal self
or your actual self? Your ideal self is the self that you aspire to be. It is the one that you
hope will possess characteristics similar to that of a mentor or some other worldly figure.
Your actual self, however, is the one that you actually see. It is the self that has
characteristics that you were nurtured or, in some cases, born to have.
The actual self and the ideal self are two broad categories of self-concept. Self-
concept refers to your awareness of yourself. It is the construct that negotiates these two
selves. In other words, it connotes first the identification of the ideal self as separate from
others, and second, it encompasses all the behaviors evaluated in the actual self that you
engage in to reach the ideal self.
There is negotiation that exists between the two selves which is complex because there are
numerous exchanges between the ideal and actual self. These exchanges are exemplified in
social roles that are adjusted and re-adjusted, and are derived from outcomes of social
interactions from infant to adult development. Alignment is important. If the way that I
am (the actual self) is aligned with the way that I want to be (the ideal self), then I will feel
a sense of mental well-being or peace of mind. If the way that I am is not aligned with how
I want to be, the incongruence, or lack of alignment, will result in mental distress or anxiety.
The greater the level of incongruence between the ideal self and real self, the greater the
level of resulting distress. Personal development modules ultimate aim is greater self-
knowledge that will lead to higher alignment.
between these two personality domains.
MINDSET MATTERS:
The factors that influence self-concept and self-esteem are the following:
●the way individuals compare themselves to others
●the extent to which they identify with other people
●the way others react to them

Approaches to Understand the Self:
SELF CONCEPT: : This refers to your perception of your self and how you
define and understand yourself as a multidimensional (physical, spiritual,
emotional, social and moral) human being.
SELF ESTEEM: This refers to a positive of negative self- evaluation of the self-
concept.
SELF WORTH: This refers to how much you value yourself.
SELF-EFFICACY: This refers to your belief and confidence that you can
accomplish tasks and control your environment.
SELF COMPLEXITY: : This refers to varying ways in which you can think about
yourself, which can be high or low according to researchers.
SELF - AWARENESS
It is the ability to know yourself extensively not only regarding your traits and
characteristics but also knowing your inner state and how you think.
Self - awareness theory: According to psychologist Shelley Duval and Robert

Wicklund, when you focus on yourself, you tend to compare what you currently
observe to the standards you set yourself.
SELF AWARENESS THEORY
SELF DISCREPANCY THEORY
SELF CONCEPT THEORY

TYPES OF SELF- AWARENESS
INTERNAL SELF AWARENESS: Clearly seing your inner self, your personality,
values, desires, reactions, and impact on other people
EXTERNAL SELF AWARENESS: Involves understanding how others see you
STEPS TO BECOME MORE SELF- AWARE
● Delay gratification
● Ask your self why
● Let go biases
● Use tools to know yourself
● Reflect often
● Take feedback
DEVELOPING THE WHOLE PERSON
ASPECTS OF THE SELF
1. PHYSICAL
2. EMOTIONAL
3. INTELLECTUAL
ASPECTS OF THE SELF
- In a nutsell, an individual is composed of three basic but verry different

aspects of the self they are the physical or tangible aspects as they relate
to the body, the intellectual and concious aspects of as they relate to
the mind, and the emotional and intuitive aspects as they relate to the
spirit, All three aspects of the self work together in perfect harmony
when attention is paid to all three simultaneously.
PHYSICAL
- Many individuals put a strong emphasis on the physical aspect of the

self . The body is tangible, obvious and we respond to it easily. More time
and money is spent on enhancing the physical component than either
of the other two aspects. This does not mean, however, that the body is
healthy or strong. The body provides a place to house the spirit (often
experienced as feelings) and the mind (often experienced as thought).
INTELLECTUAL
- It may be important to some that their mind can be prominent and well
educated The mind is important, as it is the part of the self that directs
the other two aspects. The mind learns what to do and communicates
the information to the body and the feelings. What the mind believes,
the body manifests or acts on and the emotions feel or respond with.
People store both healthy and destructive thoughts and beliefs and
responds to life’s circumstances in the most prominent manner. The
mind provides access creativity and serenity which are necessary for such
processes as prayer, forgiveness, acceptance, and passion.
EMOTIONAL
- The human emotions are the most feared aspect of the self, as individuals
are reluctant and unprepared to manage them. Managing feelings is like
trying to hold water in the palm of your hand. They are illusive and
deceptive. A decision made under emotional stress and strain usually
impacts emotions negatively. Negative emotions that are not managed
are stored and repressed. Repression is destructive to a content self since
all feelings when they are needed now becomes difficult, leaving the
individual numb and hopeless.
INDIVIDUALS DIFFERENCES
● Gender Differences
● Social groups of affiliations
● Occupations
Social Learning Theory
According to Albert Bandura most human behavior is learned through

observation, specifically by modeling. From observing others, one forms an idea
of how new behaviors are performed on later occasions. this coded information
serves as a guide for action.
Four Conditions to Ensure Effective Modelling
● Attention
● Retention
● Reproduction
● Motivation
Reciprocal Determinism
- happens when a certain behavior is imitated by another individual. It can
cause a chain reaction in which other people will imitate this behavior
until it becomes a habit or is accepted by many.
According to Christopher Cascio, when learning about other’s opinions a person
tends to incorporate in his or her frame of thinking the values that he or she
associates with obejcts or ideas.
Dualism
It is the recognition and comprehension of the dual nature of things.
Mind and Body Connection
Your thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and attitudes affect the body positively or
negatively. A healthy minds means having a healthy body as well.
Mind and Body Connection Example

Jane loves to drink alcohol and smoke. Due to the long-term effects of these
activities, she was diagnosed with cancer, Upon learning this, Jane become
depressed and lost hope that she would still recover.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
According to this technique your behavior is affected by your thoughts and

feelings.
CYCLE OF BEHAVIOR
● SITUATION
● THOUGHTS
● FEELINGS
● BEHAVIOR
BREAKING THE CYCLE
● Rewards and association

● Changing irrational beliefs
● Reflection instead of automatic judgements
Taking Care of the Mind and Body

● Sleep
● Exercise
● Meditate
● Read a magazine or a book
● Write a journal
● Schedule a “me” time
● Rest during weekends
● Remind yourself to smile and be happy.
KINAWAT RANAKO NI NA REVIEWER EY

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

between these two personality domains.

●the way individuals compare themselves to others

●the extent to which they identify with other people

●the way others react to them

SELF WORTH: This refers to how much you value yourself.

Self - awareness theory: According to psychologist Shelley Duval and Robert

SELF AWARENESS THEORY

SELF DISCREPANCY THEORY

SELF CONCEPT THEORY

EXTERNAL SELF AWARENESS: Involves understanding how others see you

STEPS TO BECOME MORE SELF- AWARE

DEVELOPING THE WHOLE PERSON

ASPECTS OF THE SELF

ASPECTS OF THE SELF

- In a nutsell, an individual is composed of three basic but verry different

- Many individuals put a strong emphasis on the physical aspect of the

Social Learning Theory

According to Albert Bandura most human behavior is learned through

Four Conditions to Ensure Effective Modelling

Mind and Body Connection

Mind and Body Connection Example

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

According to this technique your behavior is affected by your thoughts and

● Rewards and association

Taking Care of the Mind and Body

KINAWAT RANAKO NI NA REVIEWER EY

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