10/7/23, 12:46 AM Learn Python 3: Hello World Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Cheatsheets / Learn Python 3

Hello World

Comments
A comment is a piece of text within a program that is # Comment on a single line
not executed. It can be used to provide additional
information to aid in understanding the code.
The # character is used to start a comment and it user = "JDoe" # Comment after code
continues until the end of the line.

Arithmetic Operations
Python supports different types of arithmetic # Arithmetic operations
operations that can be performed on literal
numbers, variables, or some combination. The
primary arithmetic operators are: result = 10 + 30
+ for addition result = 40 - 10
- for subtraction
result = 50 * 5
* for multiplication
/ for division result = 16 / 4
% for modulus (returns the remainder) result = 25 % 2
** for exponentiation result = 5 ** 3

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Plus-Equals Operator +=
The plus-equals operator += provides a # Plus-Equal Operator
convenient way to add a value to an existing variable
and assign the new value back to the same variable.
In the case where the variable and the value are counter = 0
strings, this operator performs string concatenation counter += 10
instead of addition.
The operation is performed in-place, meaning that
any other variable which points to the variable being # This is equivalent to
updated will also be updated.

counter = 0
counter = counter + 10

# The operator will also perform string

concatenation

message = "Part 1 of message "

message += "Part 2 of message"

Variables
A variable is used to store data that will be used by # These are all valid variable names and
the program. This data can be a number, a string, a
assignment
Boolean, a list or some other data type. Every
variable has a name which can consist of letters,
numbers, and the underscore character _ . user_name = "codey"
The equal sign = is used to assign a value to a
user_id = 100
variable. After the initial assignment is made, the
value of a variable can be updated to new values as verified = False
needed.

# A variable's value can be changed after

assignment

points = 100
points = 120

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Modulo Operator %
A modulo calculation returns the remainder of a # Modulo operations
division between the first and second number. For
example:
The result of the expression 4 % 2 would zero = 8 % 4
result in the value 0, because 4 is evenly
divisible by 2 leaving no remainder.
nonzero = 12 % 5
The result of the expression 7 % 3 would
return 1, because 7 is not evenly divisible by
3, leaving a remainder of 1.

Integers
An integer is a number that can be written without a # Example integer numbers
fractional part (no decimal). An integer can be a
positive number, a negative number or the number 0
so long as there is no decimal portion. chairs = 4
The number 0 represents an integer value but the tables = 1
same number written as 0.0 would represent a
broken_chairs = -2
floating point number.
sofas = 0

# Non-integer numbers

lights = 2.5
left_overs = 0.0

String Concatenation
Python supports the joining (concatenation) of # String concatenation
strings together using the + operator. The +
operator is also used for mathematical addition
operations. If the parameters passed to the + first = "Hello "
operator are strings, then concatenation will be second = "World"
performed. If the parameter passed to + have
different types, then Python will report an error
condition. Multiple variables or literal strings can be result = first + second
joined together using the + operator.

long_result = first + second + "!"

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Errors
The Python interpreter will report errors present in if False ISNOTEQUAL True:
your code. For most error cases, the interpreter will
^
display the line of code where the error was
detected and place a caret character ^ under the SyntaxError: invalid syntax
portion of the code where the error was detected.

ZeroDivisionError
A ZeroDivisionError is reported by the Python numerator = 100
interpreter when it detects a division operation is
denominator = 0
being performed and the denominator (bottom
number) is 0. In mathematics, dividing a number by bad_results = numerator / denominator
zero has no defined value, so Python treats this as an
error condition and will report a ZeroDivisionError
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
and display the line of code where the division
occurred. This can also happen if a variable is used
as the denominator and its value has been set to or
changed to 0.

Strings
A string is a sequence of characters (letters, user = "User Full Name"
numbers, whitespace or punctuation) enclosed by
game = 'Monopoly'
quotation marks. It can be enclosed using either the
double quotation mark " or the single quotation
mark ' . longer = "This string is broken up \
If a string has to be broken into multiple lines, the
over multiple lines"
backslash character \ can be used to indicate that
the string continues on the next line.

SyntaxError
A SyntaxError is reported by the Python age = 7 + 5 = 4
interpreter when some portion of the code is
incorrect. This can include misspelled keywords,
missing or too many brackets or parentheses, File "<stdin>", line 1
incorrect operators, missing or too many quotation SyntaxError: can't assign to operator
marks, or other conditions.

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NameError
A NameError is reported by the Python interpreter misspelled_variable_name
when it detects a variable that is unknown. This can
occur when a variable is used before it has been
assigned a value or if a variable name is spelled NameError: name
differently than the point at which it was defined. 'misspelled_variable_name' is not defined
The Python interpreter will display the line of code
where the NameError was detected and indicate
which name it found that was not defined.

Floating Point Numbers

Python variables can be assigned different types of # Floating point numbers
data. One supported data type is the floating point
number. A floating point number is a value that
contains a decimal portion. It can be used to pi = 3.14159
represent numbers that have fractional quantities. meal_cost = 12.99
For example, a = 3/5 can not be represented as an
tip_percent = 0.20
integer, so the variable a is assigned a floating point
value of 0.6 .

print() Function
The print() function is used to output text, print("Hello World!")
numbers, or other printable information to the
console.
It takes one or more arguments and will output each print(100)
of the arguments to the console separated by a
space. If no arguments are provided, the print()
pi = 3.14159
function will output a blank line.
print(pi)

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