Name: Hannah Grace P.

De Leon
Date:
Section: STEM 12 Allied – D

Assignment no. 1
1. 10 Research related to Allied Health

Title: Mood Disorders in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Women

Author: Romero-Gómez, B., Guerrero-Alonso, P., Carmona-Torres, J. M.,
Notario-Pacheco, B., & Cobo-Cuenca, A. I.
Year: 2019
Type: Research Article
Institution Address: Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 16071 Cuenca,
Spain

Title: Motivational factors for choosing treatment destinations among the

patients treated overseas from the United Arab Emirates: results from the
knowledge, attitudes and perceptions survey 2012
Author: Alnakhi, W. K., Segal, J. B., Frick, K. D., Ahmed, S., & Morlock, L.
Year: 2019
Type: dissertation
Institution Address: (1) Department of Health Policy and Management
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA (2) School of Medicine
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA (3) Carey Business School Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
(4) Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Baltimore, USA

Title: Impact of Political economy on Population Health: A Systematic

Review of Reviews
Author: McCartney, G., Hearty, W., Arnot, J., Popham, F., Cumbers, A., &
McMaster, R.
Year: 2019
Type: dissertation
Institution Address: Public Health Science, NHS Health Scotland, 5
Cadogan St, Glasgow, Scotland

Title: The Role of Social Media in Health Misinformation and Disinformation

During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bibliometric Analysis
Author: Adebesin, F., Smuts, H., Mawela, T., Maramba, G., & Hattingh, M.
Year: 2023
Type: Research Paper
Institution Address: University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

Title: Binge-Watching and Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review

and Meta-Analysis
Author: Alimoradi, Z., Jafari, E., Potenza, M. N., Lin, C., Wu, C., & Pakpour, A.
H.
Year: 2022
Type: Secondary Research
Institution Address: (1) Social Determinants of Health Research Center,
Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin
University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34197-59811, Iran (2) Departments of
Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Child Study Center, School of Medicine,
Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA (3) Institute of Allied Health
Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, University
Rd., Tainan 701401, Taiwan (4) Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital,
Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan (5) School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou
University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan (6) Department of Nursing, School of
Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 553 18 Jönköping, Sweden

Title: The Relationship between Sleep Habits and Mental Health in Iranian
Elementary School Children
Author: Shamsaei, F., Daraei, M. M., Aahmadinia, H., Khalili, A., & Seif, M.
Year: 2019
Type: Research Paper
Institution Address: Hamadan University of Medical sciences, Hamadan,
Iran

Title: Muscle hypertrophy in men and women

Author: Cureton, K. J., Collins, M. A., Hill, D. W., & Mcelhannon, F. M.
Year: 1988
Type: Research Paper
Institution Address: Universily of' Georgia, Athens,

Title: Development and Predictive Effects of Eating Disorder Risk Factors

during Adolescence: Implications for Prevention Efforts
Author: Rohde, P., Stice, E., & Marti, C. N.
Year: 2014
Type: Research Paper
Institution Address: Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace

Title: Intermittent Fasting: Benefits, Side Effects, Quality of Life, and

Knowledge of the Saudi Population
Author: Shalabi, H., Hassan, A. S., Al-Zahrani, F. A., Alarbeidi, A. H., Mesawa,
M., Rizk, H., & Aljubayri, A. A.
Year: 2023
Type: Research Paper
Institution Address: University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU

Title: The Effect of Global Warming on Infectious Diseases

Author: Ichiro Kurane
Year: 2010
Type: Research Paper
Institution Address: National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
 2. Abstracts of 5 research papers within the given 10

Summaries:
Hypothyroidism has several symptoms (weight gain, arrhythmias, mood
changes, etc.). The aims of this study were (1) to assess the prevalence of
anxiety and depression in levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid women and in
women without hypothyroidism; (2) to identify variables associated with
anxiety and depression. Methods: A case-control study was performed with
393 women. Case-group: 153 levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid women.
Control-group: 240 women without hypothyroidism. Convenience sampling.
Instrument: The Hamilton Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS),
and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of anxiety
in levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid women was higher than in women
without hypothyroidism (29.4% vs. 16.7%, χ2p < 0.001). The prevalence of
depression in the case group was higher than in the control group (13.1%
vs. 4.6%, χ2 p < 0.001). Levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid women were
more likely to have anxiety (OR = 2.08, CI: 1.28–3.38) and depression (OR
= 3.13, IC = 1.45–6.45). Conclusion: In spite of receiving treatment with
levothyroxine, women with hypothyroidism are more likely to have
depression and anxiety. Health professionals need to assess the mood of
women with hypothyroidism. Although levothyroxine is a good treatment
for the symptoms of hypothyroidism, it may not be enough to prevent
development or persistence of depression and anxiety by itself (Romero-
Gómez et al., 2019).
Travelling seeking healthcare is becoming common phenomenon. There is
limited research to understand factors associated with destinations of
choice. Each year the Dubai Health Authority (DHA) spends millions of
dollars to cover Emiratis seeking healthcare overseas. The objective of this
study is to examine the association of treatment destinations, patients’
characteristics and motivation factors among the patients treated overseas
from the UAE during 2009–2012. The data from the Knowledge, Attitudes
and Perceptions Survey 2012 in Dubai on medical travel. Examining
destinations by patients’ characteristics and motivational factors under
push and pull factor framework. Modified Poisson regression model was
used to identify factors associated with treatment destinations. Three
hundred thirty-six UAE national families with a member who sought
overseas treatment during 2009–2012 were analyzed for this study
regarding their most recent trip. The aim of the survey is to explore their
knowledge, attitudes and perceptions. The majority of respondents were
family members not the patients who had experienced the medical
treatment overseas (63%). Germany was the top treatment destination
(45%). The top 3 medical conditions for which people traveled overseas
were cancer (17%), bone and joint diseases (16%), and heart diseases
(15%). However, patients diagnosed with stroke (brain hemorrhage or clot)
are more likely to travel to Germany for medical treatment while patients
diagnosed with eye diseases are more likely to seek medical treatment at
other destinations. Cost was a primary motivational factor for choosing a
treatment destination. This study addressed knowledge gap related
medical travel in the UAE. The results provided evidence about perceptions
when choosing treatment destinations. Medical condition and financial
factors were main predictors for choosing treatment destination. The result
will influence policies related financial coverage by the government. The
results suggest understanding patients’ perceptions in-depth related their
medical conditions and financial factors for better regulation of overseas
treatment strategy in the UAE. (Alnakhi et al., 2019)
“We wanted to know the health and health inequality impacts of a wide
range of political and economic factors. We searched for existing reviews of
studies that looked at these relationships, assessed the quality of those
reviews, and then integrated their results to summarize what is known in
this area. We found 58 relevant reviews, although the quality of the
reviews and the studies they included was variable. Taking account of the
quality of the evidence found, we are able to say that countries with social
democratic institutional arrangements, higher public spending, lower
income inequalities, and policy to ensure safe workplaces and access to
education and housing generally have populations with better health.

The determinants of population health may be different from the

determinants of health of individuals.1 Although we know that people who
lose their jobs2 and have lower incomes3 have higher mortality, this does
not necessarily mean that populations with higher unemployment or with
lower mean incomes have higher mortality.4,5 It is therefore important to
understand the health of populations at societal level by considering the
overall context in which populations live.

Societies are complex and dynamic systems shaped by their historical

contingencies as well as their contemporary economics, production and
consumption activities, power relations, governance, policies, polities (or
institutions), legal rules, culture, values, and ecology. We use the term
political economy to describe these aspects of societies, their
interrelationships and power dynamics.6–8 There are several theories
linking political economy and population health,9–12 as well as some
attempts to systematically evaluate the relationship between them.13 A
political economy understanding of societies makes clearer why and how
specific policies are implemented in different places and times.

Many aspects of political economy and health have been extensively

studied. One of the longest running themes has been the study of the
extent to which economic growth and economic development have been
responsible for the reduction of mortality rates.14–18 In general terms,
economic development measured in a variety of ways has been associated
with improved health across time and place, but the causal mechanisms
have been disputed. Some have argued that medical developments have
been particularly important in explaining the health trends, while others
have stated that greater consumption and production (as approximated by
gross domestic product), the building of social institutions such as the
welfare state and social services, or public health measures have been
more important.14,19–21 It has also been noted that many measures of
health, including happiness, well-being, and life expectancy, have not
consistently improved in tandem with economic growth,22–24 and that
mortality rates continue to improve in some countries such as Japan and
Cuba that experienced prolonged periods without growth.25

In addition to this work on economic development and health, there are

many studies that have considered the health impact of short-run
recessions and the interaction with different economic policy responses. It
seems that some health outcomes such as road-traffic fatalities and
alcohol-related mortality tend to decline in the short run following
recessions, but others such as suicide and cardiovascular disease
worsen.24 Given that there is very strong evidence that people who lose
their jobs experience substantial increases in subsequent mortality,2
understanding the differential impacts and the contextual interactions with
economic and social policy is important. This has led to the finding that a
combination of austerity policies in response to recession and recessions in
countries with minimal welfare state provision exacerbates the negative
health impacts of recession.26–29 Indeed, countries that have pursued
more neoliberal approaches to economic policy have been found to have
worse health inequalities and higher mortality rates, among high-income
countries.13,30–32

By neoliberalism, we refer to that suite of theories and policies that

advocate individualism, marketization, and privatization of industry, goods,
and services, and the financialization of large sections of the economy.33–
35 Income inequality has been proposed as an important cause of health
and social problems across high-income countries.5 The association is
much stronger at country level and for states in the United States than it is
for analyses at smaller scales.36,37 There remains substantial debate
about the extent to which the association is attributable to worse health
(and social) outcomes for those living in poverty, attributable to a variety
of mechanisms between wider inequalities and health outcomes (e.g.,
psychosocial stress), or whether both income inequalities and the health
(and social) outcomes are attributable to other political economy
factors.38–40

Another focus of study has built upon Esping-Andersen’s classification of

European nations into different welfare state types.41 By extending the
classification and identifying the common features of how different
countries provide public services and the extent to which government uses
taxes and benefits to (re)distribute incomes, several authors have found
that Nordic welfare states tend to have lower overall mortality rates than
do other European types,42 but greater health inequalities.4,43 However,
this is not the case if inequalities are measured via life span variation.44
The impact of welfare state regimes on health is now a well theorized and
studied phenomenon globally.45–48

The experience of democracy has been extensively considered as

potentially important factor in explaining differences in population
health.49–51 In Europe, from the 1970s, the democratization of Greece,
Spain, and Portugal from fascist dictatorships was associated with faster
improvements in life expectancy, but the relationship with democracy was
less clear across Eastern Europe after 1990 as that period of
democratization was also associated with substantial economic
restructuring and rapidly increasing income and wealth inequalities.13,52
Although only cross-sectional data were used, an association has been
identified between greater democratization and higher population self-
rated health (SRH).53

Despite this wide range of research, the extent to which the different
aspects of political economy influence health, and through which
mechanisms and in what contexts, is only partially understood.
Furthermore, there is no overall picture of the field whereby policymakers
and academics can reliably know the areas that have seen extensive study
or where there are gaps. There is also no review in which studies of
sufficient quality have been synthesized to clarify which relationships are
causal and generalizable across populations or where there remains
substantial uncertainty or debate. This review of reviews seeks to
understand the extent to which political economy, and important aspects
of it, explain differences in health outcomes within and between
populations over time.” (McCartney et al., 2019)
This paper reports a bibliometric analysis aimed at investigating the
evolution of research publications related to the role of social media as a
driver of health misinformation and disinformation since the start of the
COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this study aimed to identify the top
trending keywords, niche topics, authors, and publishers for publishing
papers related to the current research, as well as the global collaboration
between authors on topics related to the role of social media in health
misinformation and disinformation since the start of the COVID-19
pandemic.
The Scopus database was accessed on June 8, 2023, using a combination
of Medical Subject Heading and author-defined terms to create the
following search phrases that targeted the title, abstract, and keyword
fields: (“Health*” OR “Medical”) AND (“Misinformation” OR
“Disinformation” OR “Fake News”) AND (“Social media” OR “Twitter” OR
“Facebook” OR “YouTube” OR “WhatsApp” OR “Instagram” OR “TikTok”)
AND (“Pandemic*” OR “Corona*” OR “Covid*”). A total of 943 research
papers published between 2020 and June 2023 were analyzed using
Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation), VOSviewer (Centre for Science and
Technology Studies, Leiden University), and the Biblioshiny package in
Bibliometrix (K-Synth Srl) for RStudio (Posit, PBC). The highest number of
publications was from 2022 (387/943, 41%). Most publications (725/943,
76.9%) were articles. JMIR published the most research papers (54/943,
5.7%). Authors from the United States collaborated the most, with 311
coauthored research papers. The keywords “Covid-19,” “social media,” and
“misinformation” were the top 3 trending keywords, whereas “learning
systems,” “learning models,” and “learning algorithms” were revealed as
the niche topics on the role of social media in health misinformation and
disinformation during the COVID-19 outbreak (Adebesin et al., 2023).
Binge-watching, the viewing of online videos or streamed content, may be
associated with different types of mental health problems. The present
study aimed to investigate the associations between binge-watching and
five mental health concerns including depression, loneliness, sleep
problems, anxiety, and stress. Methods: Academic databases of PubMed,
Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, PsycINFO, and Psych Articles were
systematically searched through February of 2022. The Newcastle–Ottawa
Scale was used to assess the methodological quality. A meta-analysis was
performed on Fisher’s z values as effect sizes, using a random effect
model. Publication bias, small study effect, and moderators in this
association were assessed. Results: Binge-watching was significantly
associated with the five types of mental health concerns with the most
robust correlations found with stress (0.32) and anxiety (0.25). Stronger
associations between binge-watching and two types of mental health
problems (depression and sleep problems) were found during the COVID-19
pandemic than before the pandemic. Moreover, stronger associations
between binge-watching and two types of mental health problems (stress
and sleep problems) were found in developing countries than in developed
countries. Conclusions: The associations between binge-watching and
mental health concerns were significant and positive. Programs and
interventions to reduce binge-watching should be considered and tested
(Alimoradi et al., 2022).

3. References:
Romero-Gómez, B., Guerrero-Alonso, P., Carmona-Torres, J. M., Notario-
Pacheco, B., & Cobo-Cuenca, A. I. (2019). Mood Disorders in
Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Women. International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23), 4776.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234776
Alnakhi, W. K., Segal, J. B., Frick, K. D., Ahmed, S., & Morlock, L. (2019).
Motivational factors for choosing treatment destinations among the
patients treated overseas from the United Arab Emirates: results from
the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions survey 2012. Tropical
Diseases Travel Medicine and Vaccines, 5(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0093-9
McCartney, G., Hearty, W., Arnot, J., Popham, F., Cumbers, A., & McMaster, R.
(2019). Impact of Political economy on Population Health: A Systematic
Review of Reviews. American Journal of Public Health, 109(6), e1–e12.
https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305001
Adebesin, F., Smuts, H., Mawela, T., Maramba, G., & Hattingh, M. (2023). The
role of social media in health misinformation and disinformation during
the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bibliometric analysis. JMIR Infodemiology, 3,
e48620. https://doi.org/10.2196/48620
Alimoradi, Z., Jafari, E., Potenza, M. N., Lin, C., Wu, C., & Pakpour, A. H.
(2022). Binge-Watching and Mental Health Problems: A Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9707.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159707