Solution

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES II

Class 12 - Mathematics
1. 1. for f(x) to be increasing, we must have
′
f (x) > 0

2
⇒ 6 (x − 3x + 2) > 0

=x 2
− 3x + 2 > 0

(x − 1)(x − 2) > 0

⇒ x < 1 or x > 2

⇒ x ∈ (−∞, 1) ∪ (2, ∞)

so f(x) is increasing on (−∞, 1) ∪ (2, ∞)

2. for f(x) to be decreasing, we must have

′
f (x) < 0

2
⇒ 6 (x − 3x + 2) < 0

2
⇒ x − 3x + 2 < 0

⇒ (x − 1)(x − 2) < 0

⇒ 1 < x < 2 ⇒ x ∈ (1, 2)

so, f(x) id decreasing on (1,2)

2. The given function is f(x) = log x

⇒ f'(x) = ,. 1

Clearly, for x > 0,

f'(x) = > 0 1

Therefore, f(x) = log x is strictly increasing in interval (0, ∞)

3. The given function is,
f(x) = 10x
⇒ f'(x) = (10x) (log 10) > 0 for all x ∈ R.
Hence, f(x) = 10x is strictly increasing on R.
4. We are given that,
x, x > 0
f (x) = |x| = {
−x, x < 0

Let x 1, x2 ∈ (0, ∞) and x1 > x2

⇒ f (x1 ) > f (x2 )

so, f(x) is increasing in (0, ∞)

5. We have,
3 ′ 2 ′
f (x) = x − 8 ⇒ f (x) = 3x ⇒ f (x) > 0 for all x ∈ [1, 2]

Therefore , f(x) is increasing on (1,2)

6. Let v be the velocity of the car at t seconds.
t
Now x = t 2
(2 −
3
)

= 4t – t2 = t(4 – t)
dx
Therefore v = dt

Clearly, v = 0 gives t = 0 and t = 4

Now v = 0 at P as well as at Q and at P, t = 0. So, at Q, t = 4.
Thus, the car will reach the point Q after 4 seconds. Also the distance travelled in 4 seconds is given by
x]t=4 = 4
2
(2 −
4

3
) = 16 (
2

3
) =
32

3
m

7. Given: f(x) = x3 - 3x
∵ f'(x) = 3x2 -3
and

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 f"(x) = 0 ⇒ 3x2 =3 ⇒ x = ± 1
f"(x) = 6x
f"(1) = 6 > 0
f"(-1) = -6 < 0
by second derivative test, x = 1 is a point of local minima and local minimum value of f at x = 1 is f(1) = 13 - 3 = 1 - 3 = - 2.
but, x = -1 is a point of local maxima and local maximum value of f at
x = -1 is
f(1) = (-1)3 - 3 (-1) = -1 + 3 = 2
8. Let f(x) = 3x4 - 8x3 + 12x2 - 48 + 1. Then,
f(x) = 12x3 - 24x2 + 24x - 48 and f"(x) = 36x2 - 48x + 24
The critical points of f'(x) are given by f'(x) = 0.
Now, f'(x) = 0
⇒ 12x3 -24x2 + 24x - 48 = 0
⇒ x3 - 2x2 + 2x - 4 = 0 ⇒ x2 (x - 2) + 2 (x - 2) = 0 ⇒ (x - 2) (x2 + 2) = 0 ⇒ x = 2 [∵ x2
+ 2 ≠ 0]

The values of f(x) at critical points and at the end - points of the interval are computed as follows:
f(2) = -59, f(1) = -40 and f(4) = 257.
Of these values the largest and the smallest values are f(4) = 257 and f(2) = -59.
So, the minimum and maximum values of f(x) on[1, 4] are -59 and 257 respectively.
9. We have, rate of decrease of the volume of spherical ball of salt at any instant is proportional to surface area. Let the radius of the
spherical ball of the salt be r.
∴ Volume of the ball (V) =
4 3
πr
3

and surface area (s) = 4πr 2

dV
∵ ∝ s
dT

d 4 3 2
⇒ ( πr ) ∝ 4πr
dt 3

4 2 dr 2
⇒ π3r ∝ 4πr
3 dt
2
dr 4πr
⇒ ∝
dt 2
4πr

⇒
dr

dt
= k.1 [where, k is the proportionality constant]
dr
⇒ = k
dt

Hence, the radius of ball is decreasing at a constant rate.

10.
Let AB be the height of light source, Suppose at time t, the man CD is at a distance of x meters from the lamp- post and y meters
be the length of his shadow CE, then
dx
= 2m/sec
dt
AB AE
=
CD CE
9 x+y
=
1.8 y

5y = x + y

4y = x
dy
4 = 2
dt
dy
4 = 2
dt
dy 2
=
dt 4
1
=
2
dy
= 0.5m/sec
dt

So , rate of increase of shadow is 0.5 m / sec

4 sin x−2x−x cos x
11. Given function is, f (x) = 2+cos x

4 sin x−x(2+cos x)
=
2+cos x
4 sin x
= − x
2+cos x

Now,

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 (2+cosx)cosx−sinx(0−sinx)
′
f (x) = 4 ( ) − 1
2
(2+cosx)

2 2
2cosx+co s x+sin x
= 4( ) − 1
2
(2+cosx)

2
8cosx+4−(2+cosx) cosx(4−cosx)
′
= 4( ) f (x) = 4 ( )
2 2
(2+cosx) (2+cosx)

since − 1 ⩽ cos x ⩽ 1

Hence
cos x(4−cos x)

2
> 0∀x ∈ (0,
π

2
) and ( 3π

2
, 2π)
(2+cos x)

cos x(4−cos x) π 3π
< 0∀ ∈ ( , )
2 2 2
(2+cos x)

π 3π
So, f(x) is increasing in (0, 2
) and ( 2
, 2π)

and if f(x) is decreasing in ( π

2
,
3π

2
)

12. Let P(x,y) be the point on the curve which is nearest to the point O(0,0).
1
Let z = O P 2
= x
2
+ y
2
= x
2
+
4
(e
2x
+ e
−2x
+ 2)

dz 1 2x −2x
⇒ = 2x + (e − e )
dx 2
dz
For maximum or minimum, dx
= 0

1 2x −2x
⇒ 2x + (e − e )= 0
2
−2x 2x
e −e
⇒ = 2x
2

⇒ x = 0 is a solution and then y = 1

2
(e
0 0
+ e )= 1
2
d y
Also, 2
= 2 + e
2x
+ e
−2x
> 0,
dx

hence z is minimum.
−−−−−−
∴ The shortest distance OP = √0 + 1 = 1 2 2

13. Suppose VAB be a given cone of height h, semi-vertical angle a and let x be the radius of the base of the cylinder A' B' DC which
is inscribed in the cone VAB.
ΔVO' A'
′ ′
O A x
tan a = ′
= ′
VO VO

⇒ VO' = x cot a
⇒ OO' = VO - VO' = h - x cot a. ...(i)

Suppose V be the volume of the cylinder. Then,

V = π (O' B')2 (OO')
⇒ V = π r2 (h - x cot a) ...(ii) diff.w.r. t.x
⇒
dV

dx
= 2π xh - 3π x2 cot a
dV
The critical points V are given by dx
= 0.
dV
∵
dx
=0
⇒ 2π xh - 3π x2 cot a = 0
⇒ x = tan a [ ∵ x ≠ 0]
2h

Now, dV

dx
= 2π x h - 3π x2 cot a
2
d V
⇒
2
= 2π h - 6π x cot a
dx

When x = 2h

3
tan a

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 2
d V

2
= π (2h - 4h) = -2π h < 0.
dx

Thus, V is maximum when x = 2h

3
tan a.
Substituting x = 2h

3
tan a in (ii), the maximum volume of the cylinder is given by
2

V = π( 2h

3
tan α) (h −
2h

3
) =
4

27
π h3 tan2 a
14. Let the length, width and height of the open tank be x, x and y units respectively.
Then, its volume is x2 y and the total surface area is x2 + 4xy.
It is given that tank can hold a given quantity of water. This means that its volume is constant. Let it be V. Then,
V = x2 y ...(i)
The cost of the material will be least if the total surface area is least. Let S denote the total surface area. Then,
S = x2 + 4xy ...(ii)
We have to minimize S subject to the condition that the volume V is constant.

Now,
S = x2 + 4xy
⇒ S = x2 + 4V

x
2

⇒
dS
= 2x − 4V

2
and d s

2
=2+ 8V

dx x dx x3
dS
The critical numbers of S are given by dx
= 0.
Now, dS

dx
= 0.
⇒ 2x − 4V

2
=0
x

⇒ 2x3 = 4v
⇒ 2x3 = 4x2y
⇒ x = 2y
2
d s 8v
Clearly, 2
=2+ 3
> 0 for all x.
dx x

Hence, S is minimum when x = 2y i.e. The depth (height) of the tank is half of its width.

15.

Suppose be the semi vertical angle of the cone CAB whose height CO is half of r
OB
tan α =
CO
OB
=
2OB
1
tan α =
2

Suppose V be the volume of the sand in the cone

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 1 2
V = πr h
3
2
1 h
= π( ) h
3 2

π 3
= h
12
dV 3π 2 dh
= h
dt 12 dt
3π 2 dh
50 = h
12 dt
dh 200
=
dt 2
πh
200
=
2
π(5)

dh 8
= cm/min
dt 3.14

Therefore,rate of increasing of height is = 8

3.14
cm/min

16. (c) 2π r2 + 6000

Explanation: Given, r cm is the radius and h cm is the height of required cylindrical can.
Given that, volume - 3l - 3000 cm3 (∵ 1l = 1000 cm3)
3000
⇒ πr h
2
= 3000 ⇒ h = 2
πr

Now, the surface area, as a function of r is given by

S(r) = 2πr 2
+ 2πrh = 2πr
2
+ 2πr (
3000

2
)
πr

= 2π r2 + 6000

−
− −
−
17. (d) √ 3 1500

π
cm
Explanation: Now, S(r) = 2πr 2
+
6000

r
6000
⇒ S'(r) = 4πr − 2
r

To find critical points, put S'(r) = 0

3
4π r −6000
⇒
2
=0
r
1/3

⇒ r3 = 6000

4π
⇒ r = (
1500

π
)

−
− −
−
1500 12000×π
Also, S ′′
(r)| r = √
3

π
= 4π +
1500

= 4π + 8π = 12π > 0
Thus, the critical point is the point of minima.
−
− −
−
18. (c) 2√ 3 1500

π
cm
−
− −
−
Explanation: The cost of material for the tin can is minimized when r = √ 3 1500

π
cm and the height is
−
− −
−
3000

2
= 2√
3 1500

π
cm.
3 1500
π( √ )
π

19. (c) ₹11.538

3
2π r +6000
Explanation: We have, minimum surface area = r
1500

= 1153.84 cm2
2π⋅ +6000

= π

1500
=
9000

7.8
3
√
π

Cost of 1 m2 material = ₹100

∴ Cost of 1 cm2 material = ₹ 1

100

∴ Minimum cost = ₹ 1153.84

100
= ₹11.538

20. (d) total surface area

Explanation: To minimize the cost we need to minimize the total surface area.

21. (b) 5000000 + 160x - 0.04x2

Explanation: Let C(x) be the maintenance cost function, then C(x) = 5000000 + 160x - 0.04x2.
22. (a) 2000
Explanation: We have, C(x) = 5000000 + 160x - 0.04x2
Now, C{x) = 160 - 0.08x
For maxima/minima, put C'(x) = 0

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 ⇒ 160 = 0.08x
⇒ x = 2000
23. (b) ₹5160000
Explanation: Clearly, from the given condition we can see that we only want critical points that are in the interval [0, 4500]
Now, we have C(0) = 5000000
C(2000) = 5160000 and C(4500) = 4910000
∴ Maximum value of C(x) would be ₹5160000

24. (b) 4500

Explanation: The complex must have 4500 apartments to minimise the maintenance cost.
25. (c) ₹1091.11
Explanation: The minimum maintenance cost for each apartment would be ₹1091.11
26. (b) (0, 10)
Explanation: Since, side of square is of length 20 cm, therefore x ∈ (0, 10)
27. (a) V = x(20 - 2x)(20 - 2x)
Explanation: Clearly, height of open box = x cm
Length of open box = 20 - 2x and width of open box = 20 - 2x
∴ Volume (V) of the open box = x × (20 - 2x) × (20 - 2x)

28. (a) 10, 10

Explanation: We have, V = x(20 - 2x)2

∴
dV

dx
= x⋅ 2(20 - 2x)(-2) + (20 - 2x)2
= (20 - 2x)(-4x + 20 - 2x) = (20 - 2x)(20 - 6x)
dV
Now, dx
= 0 ⇒ 20 - 2x = 0 or 20 - 6x = 0
⇒ x = 10 or 10

10
29. (b) 3
cm
Explanation: We have, V = x(20 - 2x)2
and = (20 - 2x)(20 - 6x)
dV

dx
2
d V
⇒
2
= (20 - 2x)(-6) + (20 - 6x)(-2)
dx

= (-2)[60 - 6x + 20 - 6x] = (-2)[80 - 12x] - 24x - 160

2
10 d V
For x = 3
, 2
< 0
dx
2

and for x = 10, d V

2
> 0
dx

So, volume will be maximum when x = 10

30. (a) 16000

27
cm3
Explanation: We have, V = x(20 - 2x)2, which will be maximum when x = 10

3
2
10 10
∴ Maximum volume = 3
(20 − 2 ×
3
)

= 10

3
×
40

3
×
40

3
=
16000

27
= 16000

27
cm3

31. (a) Cost

Explanation: In order to make least expensive water tank, Nitin need to minimize its cost.
32. (a) c(h) = 100 h + 320 + 1600

Explanation: Let l ft be the length and h ft be the height of the tank. Since breadth is equal to 5 ft. (Given)
∴ Two sides will be 5h sq. feet and two sides will be lh sq. feet. So, the total area of the sides is (10 h + 2lh)ft2
Cost of the sides is ₹10 per sq. foot. So, the cost to build the sides is (10h + 2Ih) × 10 = ₹(100h + 20Ih)
Also, cost of base = (5 l) × 20 = ₹100 l
∴ Total cost of the tank in ₹ is given by c = 100 h + 20 lh + 100l

Since, volume of tank = 80 ft3

∴ 5lh = 80 ft3 ∴ l =
80

5h
=
16

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 16 16
∴ c(h) = 100h + 20 ( h
) h + 100 (
h
)

1600
= 100h + 320 + h

33. (a) (0, ∞ )

Explanation: Since, all side lengths must be positive.
∴ h > 0 and
16
> 0
h

Sicne, 16

h
> 0 , where h > 0
∴ Range of h is (0, ∞ )
34. (c) 4
Explanation: To minimize cost, dc

dh
=0
⇒ 100 - 1600

2
=0
h

⇒ 100h2 = 1600 ⇒ h2 = 16 ⇒ h = ± 4
⇒ h = 4 [∵ height can not be negative]
35. (a) ₹1120
Explanation: Cost of least expensive tank is given by
c(4) = 400 + 320 + 1600

= 720 + 400 = ₹1120

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