Procedures

Procedures :
1. Designing and site preparation :

For this project, we have devised a U-shaped design for the wall. Our initial step involved
cleaning the site, a crucial measure to ensure safety, proper foundation preparation, surface
leveling, accessibility for construction equipment, and a polished, professional appearance.
2. Leveling and cut&fill :
Following site cleaning, we busted out the level instruments to check out the lay of the land. We
gathered all sorts of data to sketch out the terrain and figure out how much dirt we'd need to
move around for the project.
3. Formwork :
To make sure the wet concrete stays where it should and helps shape the wall nicely, it's key to
get those forms lined up just right and give them some extra reinforcement. They gotta be tough
enough to handle all that pressure from the concrete without buckling.
4. Reinforcement:
And then we installed some necessary reinforcements such as steel

rebar, within the formwork. To provide additional strength and
stability to the wall.
5. Mixing and Pouring Concrete:
After mixing the concrete to the specifications, ensuring the correct

proportions of cement, aggregate, and water. We pour the concrete
into the formwork, starting at one end and working your way to the
other.
6. Finishing
After pouring the concrete, we used a trowel to smooth the surface
of the concrete .
7. Curing:
Properly cure the concrete to ensure strength and durability. This typically involves keeping the
concrete moist and at the right temperature for a specified period, usually several days .
Tests :
Engineers carefully analyze concrete composition due to the considerable challenges in
determining precise ingredient proportions and properties. Concrete testing, a crucial phase, can
be conducted either in a laboratory or directly at the job site.
1. Quality Assurance: Testing concrete ensures it meets the necessary standards and design
specifications for its intended use, while also verifying that the batching equipment
maintains its required tolerances during the mixing process.
2. Assurance and Diligence: Through testing, you can ensure that your structure, whether
it's a road, bridge, or building, will perform according to specified standards, while also
confirming that the materials align with the intended product.
3. Minimizing Variability: Given the inherent natural variabilities in raw materials used for
concrete, regular testing ensures consistency and adherence to the desired civil design
parameters, eliminating potential fluctuations in the product.
The tests we conducted in the laboratory for the cement used for the concrete of the parking lot
were:
• Specific Gravity (density) of cement powder

• Bulk Density of cement powder
• standard consistency of cement paste
• Specific gravity and absorption of fine aggregate
• Specific gravity and absorption of course aggregate
• Standard test method for bulk density and voids in aggregate
• slump test
• Compressive strength of concrete
1. Slump test :
A slump test is conducted to assess the workability of concrete. Concrete exhibiting favorable
workability characteristics typically demonstrates robust strength properties and is less prone to
issues such as granular separation and nesting.
Slump test applications
• The slump test is used to ensure uniformity for different batches of similar concrete under
field conditions and to ascertain the effects of plasticizers on their insertion.
• This test is very useful on site as checking the daily or hour-to-hour variation in the
materials fed into the mixer. An increase in slump may mean, for example, that the moisture
content of the aggregate has increased unexpectedly.
• The other reason is the change of classification of aggregate, such as lack of sand.
• Too high or too low slack gives immediate warning and allows the mixer operator to
remedy the situation.
• This slack testing application as well as its simplicity, is responsible for its widespread
use.
Apparatus:
• Metallic mold in the shape of a frustum of cone having bottom diameter 20 cm (8 in), top
diameter 10 cm (4 in) and height 30 cm (12in).
• Steel tamping rod having 16 mm (5/8 in) diameter, 0.6 m (2 ft.) long with bullet end.
• tape measurement.
Procedure :
• Initially, the internal surface of the mold is meticulously cleaned and ensured to be devoid of
moisture and any remnants of prior concrete sets.
• Subsequently, the mold is positioned on a smooth, horizontal, rigid, and non-absorbent surface.
• Following this, fresh concrete is carefully filled into the mold in four layers, with each layer
compacted by tapping it 25 times with a tamping rod, and the top surface leveled using a trowel.
• The mold is then gently lifted vertically and removed from the concrete to prevent any
disruption to the formed cone of concrete.
• As the concrete settles freely under the influence of gravity, it causes a deformation of the
surface, resulting in the slump of the concrete.
• The difference in height between the subsided concrete and the height of the mold cone,
measured in millimeters, represents the slump value of the concrete.
Results:
Recorded slump value of a sample is = 4cm
2. Compressive Strength of Concrete:

Compressive strength in concrete refers to its ability to withstand axial loads (i.e., loads applied
along its axis) without failure, typically measured in pounds per square inch (psi) or megapascals
(MPa). It's a crucial property indicating the maximum load that concrete can bear before
fracturing or crushing. Compressive strength is determined through standardized testing
methods, usually involving the compression of cylindrical or cubical specimens of concrete until
failure occurs. This property is essential for assessing the structural integrity and durability of
concrete in various construction applications, such as buildings, bridges, dams, and pavements.
Procedure for Concrete Cube Test
1. Remove the specimen from the water after specified curing time and wipe out
excess water from the surface.
2. Take the dimension of the specimen to the nearest 0.2m
3. Clean the bearing surface of the testing machine
4. Place the specimen in the machine in such a manner that the load shall be
applied to the opposite sides of the cube cast.
5. Align the specimen centrally on the base plate of the machine.
6. Rotate the movable portion gently by hand so that it touches the top surface of
the specimen.
7. Apply the load gradually without shock and continuously at the rate of 140
kg/cm2/minute till the specimen fails
8. Record the maximum load and note any unusual features in the type of failure

Procedures

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Procedures

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Procedures

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Procedures :

1. Designing and site preparation :

2. Leveling and cut&fill :

And then we installed some necessary reinforcements such as steel

5. Mixing and Pouring Concrete:

After mixing the concrete to the specifications, ensuring the correct

• Specific Gravity (density) of cement powder

Slump test applications

Recorded slump value of a sample is = 4cm

2. Compressive Strength of Concrete:

Procedure for Concrete Cube Test

You might also like