Presentation On Plasma Confinement

GOVT. DIGVIJAY AUTONOMOUS PG.
COLLEGE RAJNANDGAONG CHHATTISGARH
SESSION :- 2024-25
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
TOPIC :-
PLASMA CONFINEMENT
SCHEME
PRESENTED BY MAHIMA MANDAVI

GUIDED BY
MR.A.C. MISHRA SIR
OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION/DEFINATION
• HISTORY
• PLASMA CONFINEMENT SCHEME
• TYPES OF PLASMA CONFINEMENT
• PLASMA CONFINEMENT ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGE
• CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION/DEFINATION
Plasma Is A High-energy State Of Matter, Characterized By The
Presence Of Ions, free Electrons, and Newtral Atoms Or Molecules.
It Is Afton Referred To As The Fourth State Of Matter, as It Is
Distinct From Solid ,Liquid, and Gas
• Plasma State Is Achieved By Heating PLASMA : 4TH STATE OF MATTER

Any Object Form 6000 Degrees Celsius To
10000 Degrees Celsius .
• The Particles Present In Plasma Are

Highly Energetic And Excited.
HISTORY OF PLASMA
• PLASMA WAS FIRST INDENTIFIED IN A CROOKES TUBE
DESCRIBED BY SIR WILLIAM CROOKES IN 1879
• THE TERM “PLASMA”WAS COINED BY LRVING LANGMUIR IN
1928
PLASMA CONFINEMENT SCHEME
Plasma Confinement Scheme

A Comprehensive Overview
Plasma Confinement is a critical process in the field of
nuclear fusion, where extremely high
temperatures and pressures are required to induce
fusion reactions between atomic nuclei.
The challenge lies in containing this highly energetic,
electrically charged plasma without
touching it. This is because any contact with a material
surface would instantly cool the
plasma, preventing fusion.
WHY CONFINEMENT IS ESSENTIAL :-
 High Temperatures: Fusion requires temperatures of millions of degrees

Celsius, far hotter
than any material can withstand.
Pressure: The plasma needs to be under immense pressure to force nuclei

close enough
for fusion to occur.
 Stability: The plasma must be stable to prevent it from escaping the
confinement device
and causing damage.
Methods of Plasma Confinement
There are two primary methods used to confine plasma:
MAGNETIC
CONFINEMENT:
Principle: Magnetic fields are used

to trap and control the plasma.
TYPES:-
 Tokamaks: These have a toroidal shape and use a combination of toroidal and
poloidal
magnetic fields.
 Stellarators: Similar to tokamaks but have more complex magnetic field

configurations.
 Reversed Field Pinches: Use a combination of poloidal and toroidal currents to

create a
stable plasma.
INERTIAL CONFINEMENT:
Principle: A high-energy laser or particle beam is focused on a small pellet of fuel
to
compress it rapidly and induce fusion.
TYPES:
 Laser Fusion: Uses multiple high-
power lasers to compress a fuel pellet.
 Ion Beam Fusion: Uses high-energy

particle beams to compress a fuel pellet.
 Advantages: Can achieve high

temperatures and densities in a short
time.
 Challenges: Requires extremely high

energy lasers or particle beams and faces
challenges in achieving efficient energy
gain.
ELECTROSTATIC CONFINEMENT
Polywell
Structure: Uses a grid of magnetic coils to create a potential well that confines
electrons,
which in turn confine ions.
Operation: The ions are accelerated towards the center, where fusion reactions
can occur.
Challenges: Achieving net energy gain is difficult due to losses from the grid
structure.
Fusors
Structure: Uses a spherical grid to
create an electric field that
accelerates ions towards
the center.
Operation: Fusion occurs when
ions collide at the center, but
maintaining the necessary
conditions for sustained fusion is
challenging.
Examples: Fusors are often used in
educational and experimental
settings due to their
simplicity.
GRAVITATIONAL CONFINEMENT
Natural Example: Stars, including our sun, use gravitational confinement to sustain
fusion
reactions. The immense gravitational forces in stars create the high pressure and
temperature needed for fusion.
Relevance: While not practical for laboratory use, understanding gravitational
confinement
helps in studying stellar processes and
the fundamental principles of fusion.
Each of these methods has unique
challenges and advantages, and
ongoing research aims
to overcome these challenges to make
fusion a viable and sustainable energy
source
ADVANTAGES OF PLASMA
Increased Efficiency
More Environmentally Friendly
 Improved safety
 Reduced Costs
Increased Productivity
DISADVANTAGES OF PLASMA
Limited Lifespan
High Energy Consumption
Heavy and Bulky
Susceptible to Image Retention
Prone to Screen Burn-In
CONCLUSION
1. Plasma confinement is crucial for harnessing plasma's potential.

2. Magnetic confinement, inertial confinement, and electrostatic
confinement are primary
methods.
3. Confinement devices include Tokomaks, Stellarators, and Mirror devices.
4. Plasma stability, heat management, and material interactions are major
challenges
REFERENCE : INTERNET

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GOVT. DIGVIJAY AUTONOMOUS PG.

COLLEGE RAJNANDGAONG CHHATTISGARH

PRESENTED BY MAHIMA MANDAVI

• PLASMA CONFINEMENT SCHEME

• TYPES OF PLASMA CONFINEMENT

• PLASMA CONFINEMENT ADVANTAGE AND

• Plasma State Is Achieved By Heating PLASMA : 4TH STATE OF MATTER

• The Particles Present In Plasma Are

Plasma Confinement Scheme

 High Temperatures: Fusion requires temperatures of millions of degrees

Pressure: The plasma needs to be under immense pressure to force nuclei

Principle: Magnetic fields are used

 Stellarators: Similar to tokamaks but have more complex magnetic field

 Reversed Field Pinches: Use a combination of poloidal and toroidal currents to

 Ion Beam Fusion: Uses high-energy

 Advantages: Can achieve high

 Challenges: Requires extremely high

1. Plasma confinement is crucial for harnessing plasma's potential.

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