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    Contempo Presentation Group5 (Part 2)

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    Sheen Joerose Gonzales
    Contempo

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    Contempo Presentation Group5 (Part 2)

    Uploaded by

    Sheen Joerose Gonzales
    0 views16 pages
    Contempo

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    contempo_presentation_group5_(part_2)

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    Contempo

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    0 views16 pages

    Contempo Presentation Group5 (Part 2)

    Uploaded by

    Sheen Joerose Gonzales
    Contempo

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The Roles and

    Functions Of United
    States(Un)
    What is the UN?
     It is an intergovernmental organization
    es tablis hed 24 O ctober 1945, to pr omote
    international co- operation. A replacement for the
    ineffective League of Nations.

     The organization was created following the


    Second World War to prevent another such
    conflict.

     At it's founding, the UN had 51 members, there


    are now 193.

     The UN Headquarters is in Manhattan, New York.


    Further main offices are situated in Geneva,
    Nairob
    Early History

    The United Nations was formulated and


    negotiated among the delegations from the
    Soviet Union, the UK, the US and China.
    After months of planning, the UN
    Conference on International Organization
    opened in San Francisco, 25 April 1945,
    attended by 50 governments and a number
    of non-governmental organizations involved
    The Chillean delegation signing in drafting the United Nations Charter. The
    the UN charter in San U N off ic i a l l y ca m e i nto ex i s tence 2 4
    Francisco,1945
    October 1945.
    Aims of the UN

    • Peacekeeping and security

    • Human rights

    • Economic development and humanitarian


    assistance

    • Others (UN Environmental Programme, World


    Meteorological Organization, Intergovernmental Panel
    on Climate Change)
    Peacekeeping and security
    The UN, after approval by the Security Council, sends
    peacekeepers to regions where armed conf li ct has
    recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of
    peace agreements and to discourage combatants
    from resuming hostilities. Since the UN does not
    maintain its own military, peacekeeping forces are
    voluntarily provided by member states. UN had
    peacekeeping soldiers deployed on 15 missions:

    United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in


    the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO),

    United Nations Military Observer Group in India and


    Pakistan (UNMOGIP)

    United Nations Truce Supervision Organization


    (UNTSO)
    Human rights

    In 1948, the General adopted a Universal Declaration


    of Human Rights, drafted by committee headed by
    Franklin D. Roosevelt's widow, Eleanor, and including
    the French lawyer René Cassin.
    The document proclaims basic civil, political, and
    economic rights common to all human beings,
    though its effectiveness toward achieving these ends
    has been disputed since its drafting.
    The Declaration serves as a "common standard of
    achievement for all peoples and all nations" rather
    than a legally binding document, but it has become
    Eleanor Roosevelt with the the basis of two binding treaties, the 1966
    Universal Declaration of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
    Human Rights in 1949 and International Covenant on Economic, Social and
    Cultural Rights.
    Economic development and
    humanitarian assistance

    Another primary purpose of the UN is "to


    achieve international co-operation in
    solving international problems of an
    economic, social, cultural, or
    humanitarian character". Numerous
    bodies have been created to work
    towards this goal, primarily under the of
    the General Assembly and ECOSOC. In
    2000, the 192 United Nations member
    states agreed to achieve eight Millennium
    Development Goals by 2015.
    Organs of the United Nations

    The United Nations' system is based on six principal organs, those are:

    >UN General Assembly: Deliberative assembly of all UN member states

    >UN Secretariat: Administrative organ of the UN

    >International Court of Justice: Universal court for international law

    >UN Security Council: For international security issues

    >UN Economics and Social Council: For global economical and social affairs

    >UN Trusteeship Council: For administering trust territories (currently


    inactive)
    UN General Assembly

    May resolve non-compulsory


    recommendations to states or
    suggestions to the Security Council
    (UNSC);
    Decides on the admission of new
    members, following proposal by the
    UNSC;
    Elects the non-permanent members of
    the UNSC; all members of ECOSOC; the
    UN General (following his/her proposal
    by the UNSC); and the f ifteen judges of
    the International Court of Justice (ICJ).
    Each country has vote.
    UN Secretariat

    Suppor ts the other UN bodies


    administratively (for example, in the
    or ganization of confer ences, the
    writing of reports and studies and the
    preparation of the budget);

    Its chairperson the UN Secretary


    Generalis elected by the General
    Assembly for a five-year mandate and
    is the UN's foremost representative.
    International Court of Justice

    The International Court of Justice (ICJ), located


    in The Hague, in the Netherlands, is the primary
    judicial organ of the UN. Established in 1945 by
    the UN Charter, the Court began work in 1946 as
    the successor to the Permanent Cour t of
    International Justice.
    The ICJ is composed of 15 judges who serve 9-
    year terms and are appointed by the General
    Assembly, every sitting judge must be from a
    different nation. The ICJ's primary purpose is to
    adjudicate disputes among states.
    The court has heard cases related to war
    crim es , illega l s ta te interf erence, ethnic
    The Hague Building ,Netherlands
    eleansing, and other issues. The ICJ can also be
    called upon by other UN organs to provide
    advisory opinions.
    UN Economic and Social Council
    (ECOSOC) assets the General Assembly in promoting
    international economic and social co-operation and
    development. ECOSOC has 54 members, which are
    elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term.
    The president is elected for a one-year term

    ECOSOC's subsidiary bodies inchade the United


    Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues,
    which advises UN agencies on issues relating to
    indigenous peoples the United Nations Forum on
    Forests, which co-ordinates and promotes sustainable
    forest management; the United Nations Statistical
    Commission which.co ordinates information-gathering
    efforts between agencies, and the Commission on
    Sustainable Development which co ordinates efforts
    between UN agencies and NGOs working toward
    sustainable development.
    UN Security Council
    The Security Council is charged with maintaining
    peace and security among countries. While other
    organs of the United Nations can only mak
    e "recommendations" to member states, the Security
    Council has the power 10 make binding decisions that
    member states have agreed to carry out.
    The decisions of the Council are known as United
    Nations Security Council resolutions. The Security
    C ou n c i l i s made u p of f if teen mer n ber s tates ,
    consisting of f ive permanent members China, France,
    Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United.
    The five permanent members hold veto power over UN
    resolutions, allowing a permanent member to block
    adoption of a resolution, though not debate. The ten
    temporary seats are held for two-year terms.
    UN Trusteeship Council

    Was originally designed to manage


    colonial possessions that were
    former League of Nations mandates:

    Has been inactive since 1994, when


    Palau, the last trust territory,
    attained independence.
    Membership
    With the addition of South Sudan 14 July 2011, there are 193 United Nations member states,
    including all undisputed independent states apart from Vatican City. The UN Charter outlines
    the rules for membership:

    Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states that accept the
    obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able
    and willing to carry out these obligations.

    The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a
    decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. Chapter II,
    Article 4

    In addition, there are two non-member observer states of the United Nations General Assembly:
    the Holy See (which holds sovereignty over Vatican City) and the State of Palestine, The Cook
    Islands and Niue, both states in free association with New Zealand, are full members of several
    UN specialized agencies and have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognized by the
    Secretariat

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