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    Adb Notes

    Uploaded by

    A-2188 Saurabh Singh
    database notes

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Adb Notes

    Uploaded by

    A-2188 Saurabh Singh
    2 views19 pages
    database notes

    Original Title

    ADB NOTES

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    database notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views19 pages

    Adb Notes

    Uploaded by

    A-2188 Saurabh Singh
    database notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 19

    Data Replication

    It is the process of storing data in more than one site or node. It is useful in improving the
    availability of data. It is simply copying data from a database from one server to another
    server so that all the users can share the same data without any inconsistency.

    Types of Data Replication –

    1. Transactional Replication: In Transactional replication users receive full initial

    copies of the database and then receive updates as data changes. Data is copied in

    real-time from the publisher to the receiving database(subscriber) in the same order

    as they occur with the publisher therefore in this type of replication, transactional

    consistency is guaranteed. Transactional replication is typically used in

    server-to-server environments. It does not simply copy the data changes, but rather

    consistently and accurately replicates each change.

    2. Snapshot Replication: Snapshot replication distributes data exactly as it appears at

    a specific moment in time and the does not monitor for updates to the data. The

    entire snapshot is generated and sent to Users. Snapshot replication is generally

    used when data changes are infrequent. It is a bit slower than transactional

    because on each attempt it moves multiple records from one end to the other end.

    Snapshot replication is a good way to perform initial synchronization between the

    publisher and the subscriber.

    3. Merge Replication: Data from two or more databases is combined into a single

    database. Merge replication is the most complex type of replication because it

    allows both publisher and subscriber to independently make changes to the

    database. Merge replication is typically used in server-to-client environments. It

    allows changes to be sent from one publisher to multiple subscribers.


    Database Abstraction

    Database systems comprise complex data structures. In order to make the system efficient in
    terms of retrieval of data, and reduce complexity in terms of usability of users, developers use
    abstraction i.e. hide irrelevant details from the users. This approach simplifies database
    design.

    Level of Abstraction in a DBMS


    There are mainly 3 levels of data abstraction:

    ● Physical or Internal Level

    ● Logical or Conceptual Level

    ● View or External Level

    Example: In case of storing customer data,

    ● Physical level – it will contains block of storages (bytes,GB,TB,etc)

    ● Logical level – it will contain the fields and the attributes of data.

    ● View level – it works with CLI or GUI access of database

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