Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

Department of

Computer Science & Engineering

Course Name : Microprocessor and Interfacing Lab

Course Code : CSE-368

Group : 07

Assignment Name : Final report on lab project

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Al-Amin Abdullah Al Noman

Reg. no.: 2020331057 Lecturer,

Session: 2020-21 Department of Computer Science &

Engineering, SUST
Department of Computer Science &
Engineering, SUST
Members:

1. Member -1:
• Name : Al-Amin
• Reg. no. : 2020331057
• Email : alamin.sust.cse@gmail.com
2. Member-2:
• Name : Riaz Ahmed
• Reg. no. : 2020331079
• Email : riazahmed2246@gmail.com

3. Member-3:
• Name : Mahmudul Ferdous
• Reg. no. : 2020331037
• Email : mahmudulferdous2050@gmail.com

4. Member-4:
• Name : Md. Sakib Hassan
• Reg. no. : 2020331109
• Email : mdsakibhassan256124@gmail.com

5. Member-5:
• Name : MD Rafi
• Reg. no. : 2019331096
• Email : rafimd4212@gmail.com
Description of the Project

Introduction:
The automated car parking system aims to streamline parking management using microprocessor
and microcontroller technology. The system automates the detection of parking space availability
and controls a gate mechanism to manage vehicle entry.

Components and Their Functions:

• Arduino UNO: The central microcontroller that processes sensor inputs and controls the
servo motor.
• IR Proximity Sensors: Used to detect the presence of vehicles in parking spaces. One
sensor detects entry, and another detects the occupation of the parking space.
• 16x2 LCD i2c Display: Displays the status of the parking space, whether it is available or
occupied.
• Servo Motor: Controls the gate mechanism to allow or restrict vehicle entry based on
sensor inputs.

How It Works:
1. Initialization: The Arduino initializes the servo motor and the LCD display.
2. Sensor Reading: Continuously reads the state of the IR sensors to detect the presence or
absence of vehicles.
3. Display Update: Updates the LCD display with the status of the parking space (Available
or Occupied).
4. Gate Control: Opens the gate if the parking space is available and closes it when the space
is occupied.
Diagram of the Project Including Connections Between Components

Circuit Diagram:

The diagram above illustrates the connections between the components of the automated car
parking system project, which includes an Arduino UNO, IR proximity sensors, a 16x2 LCD i2c
display, and a servo motor.

Circuit Assemble:
Assemble the circuit by connecting the components to the Arduino UNO. For the IR Proximity
Sensor, connect VCC to the 5V pin, GND to the GND pin, and the signal pin to a digital pin (e.g.,
D2) on the Arduino. For the 16x2 LCD i2c Display, connect VCC to the 5V pin, GND to the GND
pin, SDA to the A4 pin, and SCL to the A5 pin on the Arduino. For the Servo Motor, connect VCC
to the 5V pin, GND to the GND pin, and the signal pin to a PWM-capable digital pin (e.g., D9) on
the Arduino. Use jumpers to ensure secure and reliable connections for all components.

Code and GitHub Link of the Project

Code:
Here is the code in CPP language for the automated car parking system using Arduino.
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <Servo.h>

// Initialize LCD and Servo objects

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); // Change the HEX address if necessary
Servo myservo1;

// Define IR sensor pins

const int IR1 = 8;`
const int IR2 = 12;

// Define the total number of parking slots

int totalSlots = 4;
int availableSlots = totalSlots;

// Flags for IR sensors

bool carEntering = false;
bool carExiting = false;

void setup() {
// Initialize serial communication
Serial.begin(9600);

// Initialize the LCD

lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();

// Set IR sensor pins as input

pinMode(IR1, INPUT);
pinMode(IR2, INPUT);

// Attach the servo to pin 3 and set initial position

myservo1.attach(3);
myservo1.write(100);

// Display initial message on the LCD

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" ARDUINO ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" PARKING SYSTEM ");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
}
void loop() {
// Check for car entering
if (digitalRead(IR1) == LOW && !carEntering) {
delay(50); // Small delay to debounce
if (digitalRead(IR1) == LOW) { // Confirm the reading
carEntering = true;
if (availableSlots > 0) {
myservo1.write(0); // Open gate
availableSlots -= 1;
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" Car Entered ");
delay(3000); // Keep gate open for a while
myservo1.write(100); // Close gate
lcd.clear();
} else {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" SORRY :( ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" Parking Full ");
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();
}
}
}

// Check for car exiting

if (digitalRead(IR2) == LOW && !carExiting) {
delay(50); // Small delay to debounce
if (digitalRead(IR2) == LOW) { // Confirm the reading
carExiting = true;
if (availableSlots < totalSlots) {
myservo1.write(0); // Open gate
availableSlots += 1;
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" Car Exited ");
delay(3000); // Keep gate open for a while
myservo1.write(100); // Close gate
lcd.clear();
}
}
}
 // Reset flags after sensors are no longer triggered
if (carEntering) {
if (digitalRead(IR1) == HIGH) { // Wait for sensor to reset
carEntering = false;
}
}

if (carExiting) {
if (digitalRead(IR2) == HIGH) { // Wait for sensor to reset
carExiting = false;
}
}

// Display welcome message and available slots

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" WELCOME! ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Slots Left: ");
lcd.print(availableSlots);

// Debugging information
Serial.print("IR1: ");
Serial.print(digitalRead(IR1));
Serial.print(" IR2: ");
Serial.print(digitalRead(IR2));
Serial.print(" Slots: ");
Serial.println(availableSlots);
}

GitHub Link:
Here attached a GitHub repository where we uploaded the code along with others additional files
(schematics, libraries used, Documentation). To demonstrate: GitHub Repository Link

Steps to Set Up the Project

1. Gather Components

To begin, you need to gather all the necessary hardware components for the project. These
include:
 • Arduino UNO: The main microcontroller that will be used to process inputs and
control outputs.
• IR Proximity Sensor: This sensor will detect the presence of a vehicle in the parking
space.
• 16x2 LCD i2c Display: This display will show the status of the parking space, such as
"Parking Available" or "Parking Full".
• Servo Motor: The servo motor will act as a gate, opening and closing based on the
parking space status.
• Jumpers: These are used to make the electrical connections between the components
and the Arduino.

Ensure that all components are in working condition before proceeding to the next step.

2. Circuit Assembly

Next, you need to assemble the circuit by connecting the components to the Arduino UNO.
Follow the provided schematic diagram carefully:

• IR Proximity Sensor:

➢ Connect the VCC pin to the 5V pin on the Arduino.

➢ Connect the GND pin to the GND pin on the Arduino.
➢ Connect the signal pin to a digital pin on the Arduino (e.g., D2).

• 16x2 LCD i2c Display:

➢ Connect the VCC pin to the 5V pin on the Arduino.

➢ Connect the GND pin to the GND pin on the Arduino.
➢ Connect the SDA pin to the A4 pin on the Arduino.
➢ Connect the SCL pin to the A5 pin on the Arduino.

• Servo Motor:

➢ Connect the VCC pin to the 5V pin on the Arduino.

➢ Connect the GND pin to the GND pin on the Arduino.
➢ Connect the signal pin to a PWM-capable digital pin on the Arduino (e.g., D9).

• Jumpers:

➢ Use the jumpers to make the above connections secure and reliable.

Double-check all connections to ensure they are correct and secure.

3. Code Development
 With the hardware set up, the next step is to write the Arduino code to control the components.
Open the Arduino IDE and write a sketch (program) that performs the following tasks:

• Initialize the LCD display and servo motor.

• Continuously read the input from the IR Proximity Sensor.
• Update the LCD display with the current parking status based on the sensor input.
• Control the servo motor to open or close the gate depending on whether the parking
space is available or full.

Here is a sample code to get you started:

4. Testing

Once the code is ready, upload it to the Arduino UNO using the Arduino IDE. Ensure the board
is connected to your computer via a USB cable. After the upload is complete, observe the
system in action:

• Place an object in front of the IR Proximity Sensor to simulate a vehicle.

• Check if the LCD display updates to show "Parking Available" or "Parking Full"
correctly.
• Verify that the servo motor opens and closes the gate as expected based on the sensor
input.

Test the system under different conditions to ensure it behaves as intended.

5. Refinement

After the initial testing, you may need to make adjustments to optimize the system's
performance. Consider the following refinements:

• Code Adjustments: Fine-tune the code to improve responsiveness, accuracy, and

reliability. This may include adjusting sensor sensitivity, refining display messages, or
optimizing the servo motor control.
• Hardware Connections: Ensure all connections are secure and free from any loose or
intermittent connections. Use soldering if necessary for a more permanent setup.
• Component Placement: Optimize the placement of sensors and the servo motor to
ensure they function effectively in the intended environment.

Continue testing and refining until the system performs reliably and meets the project objectives.