4.2
Exam
Review
(Elements
&
the
Periodic
Table)
Worksheet
ANSWER
KEY
1. How
many
electrons
can
each
of
the
following
main
energy
levels
hold?
a. 1st
-‐
2
b. 2nd
-‐
8
c. 3rd
-‐
18
d. 4th
-‐
32
e. 5th
-‐
32
2. List
3
elements
from
each
of
the
following:
a. Lanthanide
series
–
lanthanum,
europium
and
erbium
b. Actinide
series
–
thorium,
uranium
and
mobelium
c. Noble
gases
–
neon,
xenon,
radon
d. Halogens
–
fluorine,
chlorine
and
bromine
e. Transition
metals
–
gold,
copper
and
hafnium
f. Alkali
metals
–
lithium,
potassium
and
francium
g. Alkaline
earth
metals
–
calcium,
magnesium
and
barium
h. Metalloids
–
boron,
germanium
and
antimony
i. Non-‐metal
other
than
a
noble
gas
and
halogen
–
carbon,
oxygen
and
selenium
3. Circle
the
elements
from
each
set
that
have
the
most
similar
properties:
a. Be
Ti
B
Sr
b. C
Ne
N
Te
c. K
Cr
Ra
Mn
4. Rank
the
groups
of
metals
(alkali
metals,
alkaline
earth
metals
and
transition
metals)
from
most
reactive
to
least
reactive.
5. Which
group
of
non-‐metals,
halogens
or
noble
gases,
are
the
most
reactive?
halogens
6. In
your
own
words,
define
…
a. Atomic
radius
–
The
distance
between
the
center
of
the
nucleus
and
the
outer
edge
of
the
electron
cloud.
b. Ionization
energy
–
The
amount
of
energy
needed
to
remove
the
outermost
electron
from
an
element.
c. Electron
affinity
–
The
amount
of
energy
released
when
an
electron
is
added
to
an
element.
d. Electronegativity
–
The
ability
of
an
element
to
take
an
electron
from
a
neighboring
element.
7. Write
the
chemical
symbol
for
…
a. An
atom
with
8
protons,
8
neutrons
and
10
electrons.
𝑶𝟐!
b. An
atom
with
16
protons,
16
neutrons
and
16
electrons.
𝑺
c. An
atom
with
11
protons,
11
neutrons
and
10
electrons.
𝑵𝒂!
8. Write
the
atomic
symbol
for
…
a. An
atom
with
6
protons,
8
neutrons
and
6
electrons.
𝟏𝟒𝟔𝑪
b. An
atom
with
20
protons,
21
neutrons
and
20
electrons.
𝟒𝟏 𝟐𝟎𝑪𝒂
9. Write
the
hyphen
notation
for
…
a. An
atom
with
26
protons,
30
neutrons
and
26
electrons.
iron
-‐
56
b. An
atom
with
92
electrons,
143
neutrons
and
92
electrons.
uranium
-‐
235
10. Which
isotope
of
chlorine
is
the
most
abundant,
the
one
with
18
neutrons
or
the
one
with
20
neutrons?
Chlorine-‐35
is
the
most
abundant
isotope
because
its
atomic
mass
is
closest
to
the
element’s
average
atomic
mass
of
35.45
amu.
11. What
are
the
only
two
orbitals
that
contain
valence
electrons?
The
s-‐orbital
and
p-‐orbital
are
the
only
two
orbitals
that
contain
valence
electrons,
because
they
are
always
the
orbitals
in
the
highest
energy
level
of
any
atom.
12. Pick
the
element
with
the
largest
atomic
radius
and
explain
the
reason
for
your
choice. a. phosphorous
b. arsenic
c. bismuth
Bismuth
has
the
largest
atomic
radius
because
it
has
the
most
electrons
to
place
around
the
nucleus.
13. Pick
the
element
with
the
highest
electronegativity
and
explain
the
reason
for
your
choice.
a. Antimony
b. Iodine
c. Zirconium
th The
three
elements
have
their
outer
electrons
in
the
5
main
energy
level.
Iodine
has
the
most
protons
of
the
three
elements
so
its
nucleus
exerts
the
strongest
electrostatic
attraction,
which
means
it
is
better
able
to
take
an
electron
from
a
neighboring
atom.
14. Pick
the
element
with
the
lowest
ionization
energy
and
explain
your
choice.
a. Beryllium
b. Calcium
c. Strontium
Strontium’s
electrons
are
the
farthest
away
from
the
nucleus
so
of
the
three
elements
its
outer
electrons
are
held
the
loosest.
Therefore,
it
takes
the
least
amount
of
energy
to
remove
one.
15. Pick
the
element
with
the
smallest
atomic
radius
and
explain
your
choice.
a. Chlorine
b. Magnesium
c. Silicon
rd The
three
elements
have
their
outer
electrons
in
the
3
main
energy
level.
Chlorine
has
the
most
protons
of
the
three
elements
so
the
increased
electrostatic
force
allows
the
nucleus
to
pull
the
electrons
closer.
16. Which
element
has
the
noble
gas
configuration
[Ar]
4s2
3d7?
cobalt
17. Which
element
has
the
noble
gas
configuration
[Rn]
7s2
5f14
6d2?
rutherfordium
2 8 18. Write
the
noble
gas
configuration
for
palladium
(pd).
[Kr]
5s
4d
2 14 10 2 19. Write
the
noble
gas
configuration
for
lead
(Pb).
[Xe]
6s
4f
5d
6p
20. Calculate
the
average
atomic
mass
for
the
mythical
element
dutchmenium,
which
has
the
following
isotopes:
dutchmenium-‐44
(44.321
amu
and
25.5%
abundant),
dutchmenium-‐46
(46.374
amu
and
15.5%
abundant),
and
dutchmenium-‐48
(48.444
amu
and
59.0%
abundant).
Give
your
answer
to
3
decimal
places
(thousandths).
𝟒𝟒. 𝟑𝟐𝟏 𝒂𝒎𝒖 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟓 + 𝟒𝟔. 𝟑𝟕𝟒 𝒂𝒎𝒖 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟓 + 𝟒𝟖. 𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒂𝒎𝒖 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗𝟎 = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟎𝟕𝟐 𝒂𝒎𝒖
