Unit 5: Safety in the Workplace: Accident

Prevention
Lesson No. 1 Safety in Food Establishments
Introduction
The safety of personnel and
guest is one of the top priorities of
management in the hospitality
industries. Each person working in
the industry would think
everybody's safety that will
contribute to a better working
environment and a great return of
investment.
Unsafe work practices in
the workplace will incur injuries
that will lead the company to
increase its expenses and
numerous cases of casualties that
will contribute to bad company’s
image and reputation.
This lesson provides an
https://www.go2hr.ca/wp-content understanding of the term safety
and its importance to work
operation. It will imply guidelines on how to avoid injuries that will cause accidents.

Learning Outcomes
1. Defined the term workplace safety
2. Identified the importance of safety in the workplace
3. Reflected the negative effect of an unsafe workplace
4. Applied the guidelines in actual life and work scenarios
5. Discussed the term injury and its causes
6. Described the description and characteristics of types of injuries
7. Related the safety guidelines of types of injuries

Activate Prior Learning

1. How do you prevent the “worst” thing from happening?

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_____________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________

2. List down the safety hazards that you see in your home. Out of it, make a possible
solution/s on how to solve these hazards.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Acquire New Knowledge

The health and safety play an essential aspect of every employee in the
industry because all workers or employees desire to work in a safe, secure, and
protected environment.
Workplace safety refers to the working environment at a company and
encompasses all factors that impact the safety, health, and well- being of employees.
This can include environmental hazards, unsafe working conditions or processes,
drug and alcohol abuse, and workplace violence.
An unsafe workplace may incur many cases of
sickness, diseases, and injuries that have long
term severe consequences to employees, family
members, and employers. Due to these cases,
there is limitless and excessive loss of human lives
which results in increases in workplace accidents
and injuries to employers in the forms of the
following: cost of incidents, cost of property
https://blog.vantagecircle.com/ damages, loss of productivity, and investigation
workplace-safety
expenses. This workplace accident cost needs
more time to recover.
All industries have their safety risks, but management must strategize to
what safety precautions are required explicitly in their own company to ensure that
employees are safe at all times.

a. Safe Lifting and Carrying Loads

The safety tips to remember include: 1)

gradually straighten your legs to a standing position
to lift the load; 2) come to an upright position. Don’t
turn or twist while lifting; 3) pivot using your feet https://www.google.com/search?q
=lifting+safety
after you’ve lifted the load if you need to turn; and,
4) as you carry the load, change direction with your https://www.emedicinehealth.com
feet, not by twisting your body;

b. Ladder Safety

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 The safety tips to remember include 1) face
ladder when climbing up or down; keep body
centered between side rails; 2) never climb a ladder
from the side unless the ladder is secured against
sidewise motion, or climb one ladder to another; 3)
do not overreach; move ladder when needed; 4) do
not “walk” or “jog” when standing on it; 5) do not
move or shift ladder while a person or equipment is
on it; 6) an extension or straight ladder is used to
access an elevated surface (at least 3ft. above the
https://www.google.com/search?q
point of support); and 7) do not stand on the three
=ladder+safety
top rungs of a straight, single or extension ladder.

c. Clean- up Safety

The safety tips to remember include: 1) wear

rubber cloves to avoid contact with chemicals; 2) do
not mix chemicals for any reason; 3) secure cleaning
products away from reach of children and pets; 4)
always dilute concentrated cleaning products before https://www.emedicinehealth.com
use; 5) always read the instructions before use; 6)
change the dish cloths often to reduce bacteria and
mildew; 7) avoid tripping by never leaving loose items
like toys on steps; 8) pull plug switch to off condition
before cleaning or adjusting machine; 9) keep fingers,
hands, spoons, etc. away from moving parts; 10) wait until machine stops before
moving food; 11) make it sure that all switches are off before plugging into the
outlet; 12) your safety is your personal responsibility; 13) always follow the correct
procedures; 14) never take shortcuts; 15) take responsibility and clean up if you
made a mess; 16) clean and organize your workplace; 17) ensure a clear and easy
route to emergency exits and equipment; and 18) be alert and awake on the job.

d. Electrical Safety

The safety tips to remember include: 1) keep

electrical devices and outlets away from water to prevent
shock, damage to appliances, and protect against
personal injury and electrocution; 2) avoid water at all https://www.emedicinehealth.com
times when working with electricity; 3) never touch or try
repairing any electrical equipment or circuits with wet
hands; 4) never put fingers or other objects in an outlet;
5) keep metal objects out of toasters; 6) never use
anything with a cord or plug around water; 7) never pull
a plug out by its cord; 8) stay away from substations and
power lines;9) don’t climb on power poles; 10) never fly
kites near power lines.

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Common Types of Injuries
Injury, also known as physical trauma, is
damage to the body caused by an external force. This
may be caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and
other causes. Major trauma is an injury that has the
potential to cause prolonged disability or death.
Most people do not associate the hospitality
industry with injury, but employees in the hospitality https://www.google.com/search?
and tourist industries can experience severe injuries like q=cuts+pictures
anybody else.
Some of the
most common causes of hotel injuries are: Slip and
fall accidents: Broken bones, head injuries, and
severe sprains are often the result of slip and fall
accidents in hotels. Worn carpeting, uneven
flooring, icy walks, spilled beverages, and a variety
of other hazards can cause a guest to stumble and
fall.
https://www.google.com/search?
q=poisoning+pictures&tbm

a. Slips and Fall

A slip and fall injury, also known as a trip and
fall, is a premises liability claim, a type of personal injury
claim or case based on a person slipping (or tripping) on
the premises of another and, as a result, suffering
injury. It is a tort. https://www.ishn.com/articles
In general, slips and trips occur due to a loss of /107345-new-survey-findings-
traction between the shoe and the walking surface or risk-zones-cause-slips-trips-
inadvertent contact with a fixed or moveable object that falls
may lead to a fall. There are a variety of situations that may cause slips, trips, and
falls: Wet or greasy floors.
The safety tips to remember include: 1)
keep the floor clean and dry; 2) wipe any spilled
liquid immediately and pick up any objects on the
floor; 3) keep the kitchen free from clutters; 4) use
proper footwear in the work area; 5) post a
warning sign around spills or wet floor; 6) install
non- slip floor tile or rubber mats in the work area;
https://www.ishn.com/articles/
7) use slip-resistant ladder; and 8) use a ladder
107345-new-survey-findings-
and set it on a flat and stable place.
risk-zones-cause-slips-trips-falls

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b. Cuts
A cut is typically thought of like a wound
caused by a sharp object (such as a knife or a shard of
glass). The term laceration implies a torn or jagged
wound. Lacerations tend to be caused by sharp
objects. Cuts and lacerations are terms for the same
condition. https://www.google.com/se
The safety arch?q=cuts+pictures
tips to remember
include: 1) do not
catch the falling knives. Step back to avoid being
cut; 2) carry the knife with the tip pointing
downward, and the cutting edge is away from
the body; 3) never touch knife blades especially
https://www.google.com/s when it is newly- sharpened; 4) putting a damp
earch?q=cuts+pictures towel under the cutting board to prevent
slipping; 5) do not engage in horseplay with the
knife; 6) when working with a knife, always cut
away from the body; 7) do not place the knife under the soapy water in the sink; 8)
use a cutting board at all times; 9) use a correct knife for the job and do not use a
knife to open the can or bottle; 10) sharpen the knife before using them; 11) pick up
the knife by the handle only; 12) hold the knife firmly and make sure that the handle
is free of grease; 13) never grate the food to close to the cutting surface; 14) store
knives to their proper storage when not in use.

c. Burns
The basic safety tips to remember include: 1)
always assume that pots and pans are hot; 2) use a dry
potholder in handling hot pans; 3) clean the area
regularly; 4) in case of fire caused by grease, use a fire
extinguisher to extinguish the fire; 5) provide reminders
https://www.emedicinehealth.
on hot objects; 6) do not overfill the pot with oil in
com/wilderness_burns/article_
frying; 7) ventilate gas ovens before igniting; 8) ensure
em.htm
that fire extinguisher is visible that can see easily; 9)
wear protective equipment; 10) the employee should not
leave the working area when cooking with grease; 11)
always use tongs when putting the food to boiling water
or oil; 12) drink a lot of water when working around hot
areas like the kitchen;

d. Poisoning
It is also called foodborne illness caused by eating
contaminated food bacteria or other toxins in food, https://www.google.com/searc
typically with symptoms that include nausea, diarrhea, h?q=poisoning+pictures&tbm
and vomiting.

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 The basic safety tips to remember: 1) wash your
hands; 2) wash worktops; 3) wash dishcloths; 4) use
separate chopping boards; 5) keep raw meat separate; 6)
store raw meat on the bottom shelf; 7) cook food thoroughly;
https://www.google.com/s
8) freezing raw chicken reduces the levels of campylobacter
earch?q=poisoning+picture
bacteria but doesn't eliminate them completely; 9) keep your s&tbm
fridge below 5C; 10) avoid overfilling your fridge – if it's too
full, air can't circulate properly, which can affect the overall
temperature; 11) cool leftovers quickly; 12) respect 'use-by'
dates

Apply Your Knowledge

1. Individual Reflection/ Reaction.

Direction: Make your justification for the following statement below.

"Who has more responsibility for workplace safety: the employer or the employee?"

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2. Case Study

Direction: Analyze the incident in the Case Study and answer the following questions
after the case study analysis.

Romero was working in a deep fat fryer on Friday morning. He was carrying a
box of potato peelings when he accidentally slipped from under him, as he reached
out to balance himself he tumbled his arm into a hot fryer with oil. This caused him
to severe burn his hands and arms and further affected his face because of the oil
slashing onto him.
He underwent surgery and needed to recuperate from his injury for almost
five months. At the time of the accidents, the kitchen staff was wearing steel toe-
capped chef boots. During the investigation, it was found out that there had been
issues with water pooling on the floor around the dishwashing, preparation, and
cooking areas.
The safety officer undertook a monthly inspection and reported the poor
condition of the sewage system and the floor. Despite the checking and staff
complaints, effective solutions were not addressed and implemented.
Due to a lack of proper attention from the employer, this leads to the
decision to prosecute the company. The company was charged with failing to
undertake an appropriate assessment of risk and put in place a safe system of work.
The company was fined P/ 250,000 and pays the cost of P/ 80,000 to cover the
hospital expenses of the injured employee.

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Questions:
1. Identify the causes of the accident.
2. List the possible costs and consequences to the victim and the employer.
3. Create a written policy to prevent the hazard, risks, and potential harm to
employees and employer. Including employee's benefits and reprimands to
violators.

Assess Your Knowledge

Part 1: Quiz
1. Unsafe workplace may incur many cases of________________.
a. sickness b. diseases c. injuries d. all of the above

2. It is also called foodborne illness caused by eating contaminated food bacteria or

other toxins in food
a. toxin b. poisoning c. foodborne contamination d. cross-contamination

3. It refers to damage to the body caused by an external force.

a. fall and slip b. cuts c. accidents d. injury

4. It refers to the working environment at a company and encompasses all factors

that impact the safety, health, and well- being of employees.
a. workplace safety c. workplace written policy
b. workplace safety plan d. none of the above

5. It refers to typically thought of like a wound caused by a sharp object

. cut b. laceration c. wound d. tort

6. Good sitting posture includes all but:

a. Knees slightly higher than hips
b. Hips forward
c. Shoulders not rounded
d. Lower back not overly arched

7. Which of the following does not contribute to back pain?

a. Proper lifting technique
b. Poor posture
c. Poor physical conditions
d. Stress

8. The single most important rule when lifting is to:

a. Weigh the load
b. Bend the knees
c. Lean over to pick it up
d. Set the load down properly

9. What part of your body should absorb the most weight when lifting?
a. The back

117
b. The arms
c. The shoulders
d. The legs

10. Which of the following is not a good therapy method to deal with back pain?
a. Bed rest
b. Ignoring it until it goes away
c. Cold or hot packs
d. Physical therapy

11. Which of the following is not a guideline for proper lifting?

a. Size up the load before trying to lift
b. Always push, not pull
c. Set the load down by using your knees
d. Twist or turn your body slightly, if needed

12. When should you seek medical attention for back pain?
a. When the pain does not go away
b. When there is numbness in the lower limbs
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

13. Posture is important for your back

a. While standing and sitting
b. While sleeping
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b

14. What physical feature or condition causes extra strain on your spine and lowers
back?
a. Overweight
b. Erect posture
c. Trim figure
d d. Large feet

15. A type of back pain is:

a. A strain or sprain
b. Stress
c. A ruptured or slipped disk
d. All of the above

Part 2: Essay. (5 points for a meaningful justification and 5 points for correct usage
of words and proper grammar)

1. Explain why health and safety in the workplace are both legal and moral
responsibility of most employer?

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_____________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________
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2. In your daily ways of living, how can you minimize injuries?

_____________________________________________________________________
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References

Mc Swane, D., Rue, N., & Linton, R. (2008). Essentials of Food Safety and Sanitation.
New Jersey, Pearson Education

Osorno, R., & Bajao, G. (2019). Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security &
Sanitation. Manila. Wiseman’s Book Trading

Perdigon. G., Claudio, V., & Chavez, L. (2006). Food, Water and Environmental
Sanitation & Safety for Hospitality, Industry, and Institutions. Manila. Merriam-
Webster Bookstore

Quebral, V. S. (2016) Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction. Manila. Lorimar

Publishing Inc.

Somoray, A. M. (2020). Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security &

Sanitation. Manila. Unlimited Books Library Services& Publishing

Work Safety Test Guide. Retrieved from

https//www./worksafety_tests_preparation_guide.html

http://www.worksafesask.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Hospitality-
Document_FINAL_web_14.07.15.pdf

https://www.verywellhealth.com/burn-pictures-4020409

https://www.google.com/search?q=lifting+and+carrying+load&oq=&aqs=chrome.5.
35i39l5j69i59.19657784j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=

https://blink.ucsd.edu/safety/occupational/ergonomics/training/lift.html

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1GCEA_enPH913PH913&sxsrf=ALeKk03LkhE
MhEiJsZxe_H8Dz8TL1DpNTw:1597816849703&source=

https://www.google.com/search?q=ladder+safety&rlz=1C1GCEA_enPH913PH913&o
q=ladder+safety&aqs=chrome..69i57.8428j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

119
https://www.google.com/search?q=clean+up+safety+pictures&rlz=1C1GCEA_enPH9
13PH913&oq=cle&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j35i39j0l2j46j0j46j0.9504j0j15&sourcei
d=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.google.com/search?q=types+of+injuries+in+food+safety&rlz=1C1GCE
A_enPH913PH913&oq=type&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j35i39j0l6.460338j0j15&sour
ceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.emedicinehealth.com/cuts_or_lacerations/article_em.htm

https://www.google.com/search?q=poisoning&rlz=1C1GCEA_enPH913PH913&oq=po
isoning+&aqs=chrome..69i57.6874j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

Answer Key

Part 1: Quiz
1. D 6. B 11. D
2. B 7. A 12. C
3. D 8. B 13. C
4. A 9. B 14. B
5. A 10. B 15. D

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Lesson No. 2 Body Mechanics Classes and
Employee Medications
Introduction
Being a hospitality professional, a firm and a
practical understanding of body mechanics can save a
lot of unnecessary pain and injury throughout your
career. This term describes the natural posture and
motion of the human body, particularly as it relates to
lifting, repositioning, and movement. Employees of a
hospitality business need to know how to use their
https://www.slideserve.com/alaric
bodies to get the most leverage without risking
/body-mechanics
injury.
Anyone in any type of occupation or industry can
benefit from an understanding of the mechanics of the
human body. Good posture and lifting habits greatly
reduce the risk of strains, sprains, and back injuries.
Musculoskeletal injuries are an occupational hazard in
many hospitality settings, so employees should be
https://asterclinic.ae/blo
trained on how to use the principles of body mechanics
g/body-mechanics-
to ensure personal safety.
posture
Another one, an employee on prescribed medication sometimes displays
behavior that is disruptive in the workplace or harms her job performance.
Medication side effects might cause various behavioral changes in an employee,
including irritability, restlessness, and fatigue.
On the other hand, obtaining the first aid skills of employees is a valuable
resource of a hospitality business.

Learning Outcomes
1. Defined the term body mechanics and employee medication
2. Discussed and valued the importance of body mechanics and employee
medications
3. Practiced the guidelines of body mechanics and employee medication in daily
living at home or in school or the workplace
4. Demonstrated tips or procedures used in body mechanics and employee
medication as part of the training guide
5. Integrated principles of good body mechanics to everyday activities to lower the
risk of a preventable injury.
6. Defined the meaning of first aid
7. Described the importance of first aid as measures used during emergencies
8. Apply the basic first aid procedures
9. Seek first aid assistance in an appropriate manner

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 Activate Prior Learning

1. While dining out in a restaurant you hear a mother cry out that her six-month-old
child, who has given some marbles by an older child, is gagging. His mouth area
is turning blue and he’s unable to take a breath or cry out. What would you do
first in this scenario?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Arriving first to the scene, you find an unresponsive person with no pulse that has
thrown up. You feel CPR is not something you are comfortable giving them. What
would be the next best thing for you to do?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. What are some things you can do to help prevent backaches?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

4. After finding someone who is unresponsive and has a pulse but does not appear
to be breathing. What is the first thing you will go to do?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Acquire New Knowledge

Body mechanics is a combination of
posture, balance, and motion, all of which
influence coordinated movement and stress
placed on the body. Maintaining a good posture
while standing or sitting is an acquired skill that
requires practice and training. Keeping shoulder
blades together, head straight, and preserving http://www.occupationalathletics.com/stor
the three natural spinal curves are all basics of e/index.php?rt
good body alignment. Employees should keep

122
their knees slightly bent and engage their leg and abdominal muscles whenever they
lift heavy loads
https://www.dreamstime.com/ill It also safe use of the body using the
ustration/body-mechanics.html correct posture, bodily alignment, balance, and
bodily movements to safely bend, carry, lift
and move objects and people. An example of a
good body mechanics principle is to push
rather than pull objects and people.
The guidelines of practice good body mechanics include the following:1)
stand with your feet apart to create a sturdy foundation; 2) bend at your knees
instead of your waist; 3) keep your neck, back, hips, and feet aligned when you
move; avoid twisting and bending at the waist.
The eight (8) basic rules of body mechanics are the
following: 1) maintain a broad base of support (8-10 in), one foot
slightly in front, balancing weight, toes pointed towards
movement; 2) bend hips and knees close to the object, keep back
straight; 3) use strong muscles for the job (shoulders, upper
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/294
arms, hips, and thighs); 4) use your body to help push or pull
whenever possible; 5) carry heavy things close to the body and
stand close to an object/person being moved; 6) avoid twisting
body, turn feet and entire body when you change directions; 7)
avoid bending for long periods; and 8) if something is too heavy, get help.
The four components of body mechanics are 1) posture; 2) base of Support
and Center of Gravity; 3) muscle Groups; and 4) lifting technique.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and First Aid for

Choking
CPR is a lifesaving method during emergencies specifically applies to the
person who’s having a heart attack or near drowning if in case the person stops
breathing and no pulse or heartbeat.
Cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency
https://www.google.com/search?q=car procedure that combines chest
diopulmonary+resuscitation compressions often with artificial
ventilation to manually preserve intact
brain function until further measures are
taken to restore spontaneous blood
circulation and breathing in a person who
is in cardiac arrest. It is recommended in
those who are unresponsive with no
breathing or abnormal breathing, for
example, agonal respirations.
CPR involves chest compressions
for adults between 5 cm (2.0 in) and 6 cm (2.4 in) deep and at a rate of at least 100
to 120 per minute. The rescuer may also provide artificial ventilation by either
exhaling air into the subject's mouth or nose (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation) or

123
using a device that pushes air into the subject's lungs (mechanical ventilation).
Current recommendations emphasize early and high-quality chest compressions over
artificial ventilation; a simplified CPR method involving chest compressions is only
recommended for untrained rescuers. In children, however, only doing compressions
may result in worse outcomes, because in children the problem normally arises from
a respiratory, rather than the cardiac problem. Chest compression to breathing ratios
is set at 30 to 2 in adults.
CPR alone is unlikely to restart the heart. Its main
purpose is to restore the partial flow of oxygenated blood
to the brain and heart. The objective is to delay tissue
death and to extend the brief window of opportunity for a
successful resuscitation without permanent brain damage.
Administration of an electric shock t the subject's heart,
o

termed defibrillation, is usually needed to restore a viable

or "percussing" heart rhythm. Defibrillation is effective
only for certain heart rhythms, namely ventricular https://www.quora.com/What-is-
fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, rather cardiopulmonary-resuscitation
than systole or pulseless electrical activity. The early
shock when appropriate is recommended. CPR may
succeed in inducing a heart rhythm that may be
shockable. In general, CPR is continued until the person
has a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or is
declared dead.
CPR helps to keep oxygenated blood to flow around the brain and other vital
organs. When the heart stops, oxygenated blood cannot circulate and may cause
brain damage and the victims can die within eight to ten minutes.
The following are the seven (7) CPR steps: 1) position your hand (above
position). Make sure the patient is lying on his back on a firm surface; 2) interlock
fingers (above position); 3) give chest compressions (above position); 4) open the
airway (above position); 5) give rescue breaths (above position); 6) watch chest fall,
and 7) repeat chest compressions and rescue breaths.

How do you perform CPR?

A. Hands-only CPR
To carry out a chest compression, the following should be followed: 1) place
the heel of your hand on the breastbone at the center of the person's chest. Place
your other hand on top of your first hand and interlock your fingers; 2) position
yourself with your shoulders above your hands; 3) using your body weight (not just
your arms), press straight down by 5 to 6cm (2 to 2.5 inches) on their chest; 4)
keeping your hands on their chest, release the compression and allow the chest to
return to its original position; and 5) repeat these compressions at a rate of 100 to
120 times a minute until an ambulance arrives or you become exhausted.

B. CPR with rescue breaths

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 If you have been trained in CPR, including rescue breaths, and feel confident
using your skills, you should give chest compressions with rescue breaths.
For Adults, followed the following steps: 1) place the heel of your hand on
the center of the person's chest, then place the other hand on top and press down
by 5 to 6cm (2 to 2.5 inches) at a steady rate of 100 to 120 compressions a minute;
2) after every 30 chest compressions, give 2 rescue breaths; 3) tilt the casualty's
head gently and lift the chin up with 2 fingers. Pinch the person's nose. Seal your
mouth over their mouth, and blow steadily and firmly into their mouth for about 1
second. Check that their chest rises. Give 2 rescue breaths, and 4) continue with
cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths until they begin to recover or
emergency help arrives.
For children over 1-year-old, followed the following steps: 1) open the child's
airway by placing 1 hand on their forehead and gently tilting their head back and
lifting the chin. Remove any visible obstructions from the mouth and nose; 2) pinch
their nose. Seal your mouth over their mouth, and blow steadily and firmly into their
mouth, checking that their chest rises. Give 5 initial rescue breaths; 3) place the heel
of 1 hand on the center of their chest and push down by 5cm (about 2 inches),
which is approximately one-third of the chest diameter. The quality (depth) of chest
compressions is very important. Use 2 hands if you can't achieve a depth of 5cm
using 1 hand; 4) after every 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 a minute,
give 2 breaths; and 5) continue with cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue
breaths until they begin to recover or emergency help arrives.
For infants under 1-year-old, followed the following steps: 1) open the
infant's airway by placing 1 hand on their forehead and gently tilting the head back
and lifting the chin. Remove any visible obstructions from the mouth and nose; 2)
place your mouth over the mouth and nose of the infant and blow steadily and firmly
into their mouth, checking that their chest rises. Give 5 initial rescue breaths; 3)
place 2 fingers in the middle of the chest and push down by 4cm (about 1.5 inches),
which is approximately one-third of the chest diameter. The quality (depth) of chest
compressions is very important. Use the heel of 1 hand if you can't achieve a depth
of 4cm using the tips of 2 fingers; 4) after 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100 to
120 a minute, give 2 rescue breaths; and 5) continue with cycles of 30 chest
compressions and 2 rescue breaths until they begin to recover or emergency help
arrives.

First Aid Management

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 First aid is the provision of
initial care for an illness or injury. It is
usually performed by a layperson to a
sick or injured casualty until definitive
medical treatment can be accessed.
Certain self-limiting illnesses or minor
injuries may not require further
medical care past the first aid
intervention. It generally consists of a
series of simple and, in some cases,
potentially life-saving techniques that
an individual can be trained to
perform with minimal equipment.
Unpleasant though it may be, the fact remains that accidents happen. Even
experiencing it as a bystander, an accident is not a pleasant scene.
If an accident happens in the workplace, you cannot be a helpless witness, since
simply standing by can potentially worsen the
situation. This is why it’s important to have at https://www.seton.com/blog/2013/06
least a basic knowledge of first aid. /the-importance-of-first-aid
At its most basic, first aid is the initial
assistance given to a victim of injury or illness. Comprised of relatively simple
techniques that can be performed with rudimentary equipment, first aid is usually
carried out by a layperson until professional medical assistance arrives.
The importance of first aid is hard
to overestimate. Among the major benefits
of first aid are the following: 1) it affords
people with the ability to provide help
during various emergencies. If someone
ingests hazardous substances or suffers
health-related issues like a heart attack, or
if a natural disaster occurs, a person
knowledgeable in first aid becomes more
than just another bystander. Instead, they
become invaluable support not only to
victims but also to professional emergency
responders and medical practitioners; 2) first aid helps ensure that the right methods
of administering medical assistance are provided. Knowing how to help a person is
just as important in emergencies. It only takes six minutes for the human brain to
expire due to lack of oxygen. As such, ineptitude and misinformation will not be of
much help to a person in need of medical assistance; and 3) knowledge in first aid
also benefits the individuals themselves.
Whether the emergency affects https://www.kullabs.com/classes/subje
themselves directly or involves people cts/units/lessons/notes/note-
they live and work with, first aid stems detail/6591

126
 from the severity of an emergency in a
https://www.firstaidae.com.au/abo given time and place.
ut-first-aid-ae/why-is-first-aid-important/ While everyone can benefit from
first aid training, it may be a more
requirement for certain people. People who educate and watch over children ideally
should be able to perform first aid. Daycare center personnel and nannies should be
able to assist children immediately in case of emergencies. Lifeguards should also be
certified in first aid procedures.
Various businesses require their employees to be trained in first aid. The type
and extent of the training depending on the job specifics. However, anyone who
works in high-risk environments should have basic first aid knowledge. As such,
many employees in factories, machine shops, and industrial plants are provided with
lessons in first aid procedures.

https://www.seton.com/blog/2013/06/ Accidents will always happen.

the-importance-of-first-aid Because of this, properly-trained
individuals and the right first aid
equipment help ensure better safety
for everyone. Without the proper first
aid, a simple injury could turn into
something much more severe. Many
fatalities resulting from accidents and
emergencies result from a lack of
immediate medical treatment. First aid
doesn’t just facilitate recovery. It helps
save lives.
In the case of simple slips,
trips, or falls, it is recommended that
to follow the RICE procedure.
R……..REST I……...ICE
C…….COMPRESS E……..ELEVATE. Let
the person sit down or get them to lie
down if it's easier. Apply a cold
compress for 10 minutes, reassess the injury, and then reapply. If after 30 minutes
the swelling has started to go down, advise the casualty to rest the affected parts. If
the swelling doesn't go down, it could be a break and you should seek medical
advice.

127
 In the case of suspected complex slips, trips, or falls, make the patient as
comfortable as possible and seek immediate medical help. Emergency Actions: Dial
Emergency Services for an ambulance. First Aid gives lots of comfort and
reassurance and persuades the injured person to stay still. Do not move them unless
you have to support the injured limb with your hands to stop any movement. If there
is bleeding, place a clean pad over the wound and apply pressure to control the flow
of blood then bandage around the wound. If
you suspect a broken leg or hand, steady and
support the injured limb in the position it is in
but if the ambulance is delayed you will need
to put padding between the knees and ankles
or under the arm and elbow.
For the treatment of severe burns and
scalds. Do not remove anything sticking to
the burn; this may cause further damage and
cause infection. Do not touch or interfere
with the injured area. Do not burst blisters.
Do not apply lotions, ointment, or fat to the
injury.
The first aid applies to severe burns and scalds: 1) lay the casualty down,
protecting the burned area from contact with the ground if possible douse the burn
with copious amounts of cold liquid thorough cooling may take 10 minutes or more,
but this must not delay the casualty’s transmission to hospital While cooling the
burns, check airway, breathing, and pulse, and be prepared to resuscitate; 2) gently
remove any rings, watches, belts, shoes, or smoldering clothing from the injured
area before it starts to swell; 3) carefully remove burned clothing unless it is sticking
to the burn; 4) cover the injury with a sterile burns sheet or other suitable non-fluffy
material, to protect from infection.
For superficial and deep minor cuts and wounds usually don't require a trip to
the emergency room. Yet proper care is essential to avoid infection or other
complications.

https://www.seton.com/blog/2013/06/the-
importance-of-first-aid

128
 First aid stops the bleeding.
Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop
bleeding on their own. If they don't,
apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth
or bandage. Hold the pressure
continuously for 20 to 30 minutes. Don't
keep checking to see if the bleeding has
stopped because this may damage or
dislodge the fresh clot that's forming
and cause bleeding to resume.
If the blood continues to flow
after continuous pressure, seek medical
assistance. Clean the wound. Rinse out
the wound with clear water. Soap can
irritate the wound, so try to keep it out
of the actual wound. Thorough wound
https://www.google.com/search?q=fi
cleaning reduces the risk of infection and
rst+aid+management+in+hospitality
tetanus. If dirt or debris remains in the
+industry
wound after washing, cleaned with alcohol to remove the particles. If debris remains
embedded in the wound after cleaning, let the doctor handle it. If available, use
hydrogen peroxide, iodine, or an iodine-containing cleanser instead of soap and
water.
For the treatment of cuts and wounds. Apply an antibiotic. After you clean
the wound, apply a thin layer of an antibiotic cream or ointment to help keep the
surface moist. Cover the wound. Bandages can help keep the wound clean and keep
harmful bacteria out. After the wound has healed enough to make infection unlikely,
exposure to the air will speed wound healing.

Choking
Choking happens when a foreign object usually food stocks in the throat or
windpipe. Because choking blocks the oxygen supply to the brain, it needs an
immediate first aid response to the victim.
Commonly, the sign for choking is showing the hand clutched to the throat. If
however, the victim does not give the signal, look for these indications: 1)
helplessness and inability to talk; 2) struggling to breathe or breathing noisily; 3)
squeaky sound when trying to breath; 4) weak or forceful coughing; 5) the skin may
turn blue or pale; 6) lips and nails turning blue, and 7) loss of consciousness.
Advise the victim to cough continuously, or if the victim cannot talk, ask him
to cry or laugh forcefully. It is recommended to administer the “five- and five”
approaches.

5 and 5 Approaches
A. 5 Back Blows

129
 The procedures are the following: 1) stand to the side; 2) bend the victim
over the waist to allow the upper body to be parallel to the ground, and 3)
administer five separate back blows between the person’s shoulder’s blades using
the heel of your hand.

B. 5 Abdominal Thrust “Heimlich Maneuver”

The procedures are the following: 1) stand behind the victim, placing your
one foot in front of the other for balance; 2) wrap around your arms around the
victim’s waist and instruct the person a frontward position; 3) if the victim is a child,
kneel behind the child; 4) place your fist above the victim’s navel and press hard into
the abdomen with a quick, upward thrust (if you are lifting a person); and 5)
administer between 6 and 10 abdominal thrusts until the blockage is dislodged.

First Aid Training Programs

First aid training provides your staff with the confidence and capability to react
immediately to an incident, injury, or illness. In the event of a medical emergency,
when properly trained, a fellow employee can administer basic medical treatment or
CPR.
Having quality CPR and first aid
training would guarantee that the staff would be
able to handle these and other life-threatening
situations. The main reasons why the hotel staff
should go through first aid training and get their
CPR and first aid certification are can quickly act
and save lives.
The following are some safety training programs
in the Philippines as Organized by Philippine
National Red Cross.

https://janroltd.wordpress.com/20
1) Standard 14/07/23/the-importance-of-first-
First Aid and aid-training/
Basic Life
Support – Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
with Automated External Defibrillator
This comprehensive training offers
first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
https://janroltd.wordpress.com/2014/0 (CPR) with an automated external
7/23/the-importance-of-first-aid- defibrillator (AED). This training can be
training/ used for employment and day-to-day
emergencies.
2) Occupational First Aid and Basic Life Support – Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
with Automated External Defibrillator

130
 This is recommended for the workplace that offers first aid, CPR with AED,
and responds to occupational hazards. It complies with the requirements, which
define a "certified first-aider" as any person trained and duly certified or qualified to
administer first aid by the PRC.

3) Emergency First Aid

This provides basic first aid
knowledge to people 13 years old above
https://www.facebook.com/phredcross for use of students, household workers,
.batangas/ and community workers. This program
offers pieces of training that are fit for
day-to-day emergencies that laypersons
may encounter, as well as pieces of
training for special cases such as Sports
First Aid and Wilderness First Aid.

4) Junior First Aid

This program intends to hone the
capability of elementary students and
out-of-school youth, aged 10-12 years
old, to serve during emergencies.

5) Basic Life Support Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

This program targets individuals 18 years old above people with a job-related
duty to respond in an emergency including nurses, law enforcers, emergency medical
services personnel, firefighters, emergency responders, lifeguards, and others who
shall take action in emergencies. It provides an in-depth yet concise lecture on
responding to cardiovascular emergencies and choking for adults, children, and
babies depending on the level of CPR chosen.

6) Basic Life Support Adult Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Lay Rescuers

This program aims to train lay citizens on life-saving intervention for adults. It
involves needed information to discern when to employ resuscitative efforts in
various situations.

7) Basic Life Support Child and Infant

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training
This program is fit for parents, teachers,
babysitters, and others who care for children. It
discusses common emergencies experienced by
children.

8) Water Safety Programs

The Water Safety Programs covers water-
based life-saving pieces of training for individuals of
all ages, as well as occupations and professions that
deal with water safety. Water safety programs include
Learn to Swim, Basic Water Safety and Rescue,
Lifeguarding, and Swift Water Rescue.
https://www.facebook.com/phr
edcross.batangas/

131
 Apply Your Knowledge

1. What can you do to better prepare first aid treatment based on the result of the
lessons?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Case Study Analysis: Analyze the following case.

Patrick is a company electrician. While doing his job on the morning of December
31, 2017, at 2:00 in the afternoon, he was asked to troubleshoot the electrical wiring
in the storeroom. Thee wiring is not in a secure position and was located between
the two cabinets, so he had to put more effort to access the wiring.

Without any warning, there was a sudden loud bang and a flash of bright
light coming out from the two metal cabinets. Instantly he was blown backward unto
the concrete floor and severely electrocuted. His left arm was black as charcoal, the
burning pain had started to set in.

Questions:

1. What can you do to ensure the safety of Patrick, your safety and the people
around you?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. When rendering first aid to Patrick, how would you monitor his condition while
providing first aid?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. To whom you may seek assistance when performing first aid to the casualty?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

132
4. Provide a written incident report. Kindly follow the format below.

Assess Your Knowledge

Part 1: Quiz
Direction: Classify the first aid kit according to their uses. Write the corresponding
letter on the space provided.

a. Airways, breathing, and circulation e. Trauma and injuries

b. Personal protective equipment f. Common items
c. Instrument and equipment
d. Medication

133
1. _______ gloves 6. _______ cotton balls 11. ______ hydrogen peroxide
2. _______ thermometer 7. _______ tourniquet 12. ______ syringe
3. _______ stethoscope 8. _______ tweezers 13. ______ surgical mask
4. _______ face shield 9. _______ aspirin 14. ______ butterfly closure
5. _______ band aid 10. ______ anti- histamine strips
15. ______ nebulizer

Part 2: Enumeration
Direction: Enumerate the following symptoms and the steps first aid response to the
following injuries and illnesses.

1. Choking person

Symptoms
____________________________ _________________________
____________________________ _________________________
____________________________ _________________________

First aid response (step by step)

References
Osorno, R., & Bajao, G. (2019). Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security &
Sanitation. Manila. Wiseman’s Book Trading

Quebral, V. S. (2016) Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction. Manila. Lorimar

Publishing Inc.

Somoray, A. M. (2020). Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security &

Sanitation. Manila. Unlimited Books Library Services& Publishing

https://www.hospitality-management-degree.net/faq/what-are-body-mechanics/

https://www.google.com/search?q=body+mechanics+classes+and+employee+medi
cations+in+hospitality+industry&rlz=1C1GCEA_enPH913PH913&oq=body+mec
hanics&aqs=chrome.0.69i59l2j69i57j69i60.8579j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UT
F-8

https://www.google.com/search?q=body+mechanics&oq=bo&aqs=chrome.4.69i59l2
j46j69i57j0l3j46.8089j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

http://www.occupationalathletics.com/store/index.php?rt=product/product&product_
id=28

134
https://www.slideserve.com/alaric/body-mechanics

https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/body-mechanics.html

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/294563631862997806

https://asterclinic.ae/blog/body-mechanics-posture

https://www.google.com/search?q=cardiopulmonary+resuscitation&rlz=1C1GCEA_e
nPH913PH913&oq=cardio&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j69i57j0l6.4622j0j15&sourceid
=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.quora.com/What-is-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation

https://www.google.com/search?q=first+aid+management+in+hospitality+industry&rlz=1C1
GCEA_enPH913PH913&sxsrf=ALeKk005z96LoDbqiTxvEnCRMOVr_Gu1dA:1598179541
751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwis8f3ekrHrAhXqxYsBHTYOAS0Q_A
UoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1034&bih=616#imgrc=s1OhfMe7F6fDMM

https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk02KIHYeHgEDWhPXpCn07kTSrhVR-
A%3A1598187827181&ei=M2lCX-
nOCrLLmAWt4IYQ&q=importance+of+first+aid+training+in+hotel&oq=first+aid+traini
ng+program+in+hotel&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQARgAMgQIABBHMgQIABBHMgQIABBH
MgQIABBHMgQIABBHMgQIABBHMgQIABBHMgQIABBHUABYAGCqTWgAcAF4AIABAIg
BAJIBAJgBAKoBB2d3cy13aXrAAQE&sclient=psy-ab

Answer Key

Part 1: Quiz

1. B 6. F 11. D
2. C 7. C 12. C
3. C 8. C 13. B
4. B 9. D 14. C
5. F 10. D 15. C

135
Lesson No. 3 Fire Safety
Introduction
The hospitality industry has many
significant issues when it comes to fire
protection, prevention, and guests’ safety.
The biggest factors come simply from the
nature of the industry. In a normal
workplace, management can ensure
employees are trained in proper emergency
procedures, how to use a fire extinguisher,
and the like. But every day, hospitality
businesses (such as hotels, tourist
attractions, restaurants, etc.) see new people http://thelittleplace.web.unc.edu/fire-
on the property. As a building manager, your safety-everyone-can-be-aware/
risk management plan has to take into
account that a great number of people
present during a fire emergency will have
little to no training on how to respond.

Fire hazards include all types of live flames, causes of sparks, hot objects,
and chemicals that are potential for ignition, or that can aggravate a fire to become
large and uncontrolled. Fire hazards also include all types of potential threats to fire
prevention practices, firefighting, built-in fire safety systems, and situations that
restrict the escape of people from an affected building or area in the event of a fire.
Fire hazards pose threats to life and property. It is, therefore, the prime object of
safety systems to defect, remote, or reduce the risk of fire threatened by these
potential hazards.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Defined the term fire safety
2. Analyzed fire safety in the workplace
3. Familiarized oneself with the elements of the fire triangle in different
situations.
4. Enumerated the different causes of fire.
5. Observed precautionary measures and proper procedures in addressing a
fire incident.
6. Applied basic response procedures during a fire incident.
7. Knew and implemented the emergency and evacuation plans.

136
 Activate Prior Learning

1. Activity: Word Search

Direction: Look at the puzzle. Look the word on it. Assemble and you are given 20
minutes to locate the word.

2. Essay: Reflection Questions

Direction: Read and analyze the questions below. Answers to the best as you can.

1. Who is responsible for fire safety in the workplace? Is it an Employee? Employer?

Fire Authority? Maintenance Crew? And why?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. You discover a fire, what is the thing you must do first?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

137
 Acquire New Knowledge
Fire safety is the set of
practices intended to reduce the
destruction caused by fire. Fire
safety measures include those that
are intended to prevent the
ignition of an uncontrolled fire and
those that are used to limit the
development and effects of a fire
after it starts.
The fire safety measures
include those that are planned
during the construction of a
building or implemented in
structures that are already
standing and those that are taught
to occupants of the building.
The threats to fire safety are referred to as fire hazards. A fire hazard may
include a situation that increases the likelihood of a fire or may impede escape in the
event a fire occurs.
Fire safety is often a component of building safety. Those who inspect
buildings for violations of the Fire Code and go into schools to educate children on
Fire Safety topics are fire department members known as Fire Prevention Officers.
The Chief Fire Prevention Officer or Chief of Fire Prevention will normally train
newcomers to the Fire Prevention Division and may also conduct inspections or make
presentations.
The fire safety policies apply at the construction of a building and throughout
its operating life. Building codes are enacted by local, sub-national, or national
governments to ensure such features as adequate fire exits, signage, and
construction details such as fire stops and fire-rated doors, windows, and walls. Fire
safety is also an objective of electrical codes to prevent overheating of wiring or
equipment and to protect from ignition by electrical faults.
The fire codes regulate such requirements as the maximum occupancy for
buildings such as theatres or restaurants, for example. Fire codes may require
portable fire extinguishers within a building or may require permanently installed fire
detection and suppression equipment such as a fire sprinkler system and a fire alarm
system.
The local authorities charged with fire safety may conduct regular inspections
for such items as usable fire exits and proper exit signage, functional fire
extinguishers of the correct type inaccessible places, and proper storage and
handling of flammable materials. Depending on local regulations, a fire inspection
may result in a notice of required action, or closing of a building until it can be put
into compliance with fire code requirements.
The owners and managers of a building may implement additional fire
policies. For example, an industrial site may designate and train particular employees
as a fire fighting force. Managers must ensure buildings comply with fire evacuation
regulations, and that building features such as spray fireproofing remain undamaged.
Fire policies may be in place to dictate training and awareness of occupants and
users of the building to avoid obvious mistakes, such as the propping open of fire

138
doors. Buildings, especially institutions such as schools, may conduct fire drills at
regular intervals throughout the year.

Common Fire Hazards

The following fire hazards are common at home, in public places, transports,
and workplaces: 1) all types of flames used for any work; 2) electric wires, higher
loads loose connections, and old electrical equipment; 3) all cooking and heat-
generating appliances; 4) all works and situations where a fire is essentials such as
welding, cutting, metal casting, etc.; 5) improper storage of tools, equipment, and
items during and at the end of the day's work; 6) smoking and personal lighters and
matches; 7) fireworks, pyro- techniques, ammunition, and explosives; 8) improper
and unauthorized storage of flammable and hazardous materials and chemicals; 9)
insufficient capacity and numbers of emergency exits and stairs; 10) hindrance to
sight or reach firefighting equipment, markings, and alarm systems; 11) insufficient
numbers and types of fire extinguishers; 12) absence of fire detection and alarm
system, and 13) violation of building and fire codes.

Fire Triangle
The fire triangle or combustion triangle is a simple model for understanding the
necessary ingredients for most fires. The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire
needs to ignite: Heat, Fuel, and an Oxidizing agent (usually oxygen). A fire naturally
occurs when the elements are present and combined in the right mixture, meaning
that fire is an event rather than a thing. A fire can be prevented or extinguished by
removing any one of the elements in the fire triangle. For example, covering a fire
with a fire blanket removes the oxygen part of the triangle and can extinguish a fire.
The figure shows of Fire Triangle which consists of its elements: Oxygen,
Fuel, and Heat.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_triangle

The major causes of fire are the following: 1) cooking equipment; 2) faulty
sprinkler systems; 3) obstructed and cluttered exit routes; 4) bottlenecked
evacuation routes; 5) careless smoking by guests; 6) faulty heating and cooling
equipment; 7) sparks from laundry rooms; 8) faulty sprinkler systems; 9) obstructed
and cluttered exit routes; 10) faulty heating and cooling equipment; 11) laundry
equipment; 12) electrical/lighting; 13) careless smoking by guests; 14) intentional;
15) flammable liquids;16) candles, and 17) children.

139
Fire Prevention
Fire prevention is a function of many fire
departments. The goal of fire prevention is to educate
the public to take precautions to prevent potentially
harmful fires and be educated about surviving them. It
is a proactive method of preventing emergencies and
reducing the damage caused by them.
Every hospitality industry is different. The
restaurant in a hotel is going to be different than the
one at an event center or facility. Each will have
different or not similar in equipment. All facilities
should have up-to-code fire protection systems
(alarms, extinguishers, sprinklers, etc.) and managers
should have effective evacuation plans in place and
post along and proper scheduling a regular inspections
https://www.google.com/s from time to time. The chances of injury, death, and
earch?q=fire+protection&rl property damage occur if there are no fire measures
z implemented in the workplace.
As a facility manager, your fire
safety plan must take into account that a
great number of people present
during a fire will have little to no training
on how to respond. So how can you
make sure that your facility is prepared
for a fire while keeping your guests
safe? The answer is the building’s Passive
Fire Protection
System. https://www.google.com/search?q=fi
Passive fire re+protection&rlz
protection (PFP) is an
integral component of
the components of structural fire
protection and fire safety in a building.
PFP attempts to contain fires or slow
the spread, such as by fire-resistant
walls, floors, and doors. PFP systems
must comply with the associated listing and
approval use and compliance to
provide the effectiveness
expected by building codes.
It helps compartmentalize a
building with fire-resistance-rated walls/floors. Compartmentalizing your facility into
smaller sections helps to slow or prevent the spread of fire/smoke from one room to
the next. PFP helps to limit the amount of damage done to a building and provides

140
 its occupants more time for evacuation. PFP includes fire/smoke dampers, fire doors,
and firewalls/floors. Dampers are used to
prevent the spread of fire/smoke
throughout the building through its
ductwork. Fire doors help to
compartmentalize a building. The fire
stopping helps to separate the building into
compartments. Photoluminescent egress
path markers will help guide your guests
out of the building to safety.
The hotel management should install
the following as part of preventive
strategies: 1) Fire alarms; 2) Fire
https://www.google.com/search?q=fir extinguishers; 3) Fire sprinkler systems; 4)
e+protection&rlz Fire suppression systems, and 5) Kitchen
hood cleaning and inspection.
Fire in the workplace can be very
destructive. The uncontrolled fire would
result in serious injuries and even death.
Preventing a fire from the workplace
is through the following: 1) establish and
carry out a program that will provide information to recognize and prevent the fire
hazards; 2) ensure that employees have enough training in handling combustible and
flammable materials; 3) maintain safe housekeeping practices to prevent the risk of
fire; and 4) always keep and maintain adequate fire extinguishers in the work area.

General Safety Measures

The following are general safety measures in establishing and maintaining fire
protection in the workplace: 1) Do not store flammable matters within 10 feet of a
building or other structure; 2) Ensure to use permitted containers for disposal and
separation of combustible wastes; 3) Always clear the area that firefighting
equipment can pass thru; 4) Do not stack combustible materials and accumulate in
any part of the work area; 5) Dispose of combustible debris and scrap periodically;
6) Stack and pile materials in an orderly manner, and 7) Use only approved
containers and tanks for storage.

Responding to Fire and Other Alarms

When establishing the nature and location of the alarm, it needs to examine
what has triggered the alarm. This may be produced by fire, motion (intruder),
smoke, heat, water, and gas.
Emergency numbers should be posted in various locations throughout the
building and near the telephones. Make sure that emergency numbers are stored in
the cellphones of each employee.
When reporting the emergency response, the caller needs to do the
following: 1) State your name, position, and location; 2) Say that you are reporting
an emergency; 3) Provide the location of the emergency; 4) Listen carefully and be

141
guided; 5) Provide information if people being tapped; 6) Provide information and
describe the condition of the area (power out, escaping gas); 7) Provide information
on the quickest and best possible entrance and approach, and 8) Do not hang up the
phone until the emergency response told to do so
During the emergency, someone is designated to meet the emergency
response team on his or her arrival on- scene. Whoever does this job must were the
emergency and the details about the emergency. He/ she can quickly direct or lead
the response team to the site of the emergency and be able to provide relevant
information such as the site plans, the number of people in the building, the layout
of the property, the potential dangers and vulnerable group of people such as the
elderly, children, babies, disabled, worker, guest.

Apply Your Knowledge

Activity: Movie Viewing and Reaction Output

Direction: Watch the following movies then after these films, answer the following
questions.

1. Towering Inferno
2. Ladder 49

Questions:
1. Identify the causes of the two fire incidents.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Describe and compare the precautionary measures and procedures employed in

addressing the two fire incidents.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Describe the roles of fire fighters in firefighting and fire control.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Assess Your Knowledge

Answer the following questions:

142
1. Identify the three elements of the Fire Triangle and explain how fire is created.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Enumerate the different causes of fire. Identify the top three most common
causes of fire and explain why?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Summarize the basic response procedures during a fire incident. Explain how
important is fire safety in your home or any hospitality institutions?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

References
Osorno, R., & Bajao, G. (2019). Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security &
Sanitation. Manila. Wiseman’s Book Trading

Quebral, V. S. (2016) Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction. Manila. Lorimar

Publishing Inc.

Somoray, A. M. (2020). Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security &

Sanitation. Manila. Unlimited Books Library Services& Publishing

https://www.google.com/search?q=fire+protection&rlz=1C1GCEA_enPH913PH913&s
xsrf=ALeKk02hzqN3ZMca7myHDXCfxl4-
Q00ErQ:1598227253236&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjc4cu
9xLLrAhUuBKYKHbN_ClQQ_AUoAXoECBcQAw&biw=1034&bih=567

https://www.google.com/search?q=fire+protection&rlz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_triangle

https://thelittleplace.web.unc.edu/fire-safety-everyone-can-be-aware/

143
http://thelittleplace.web.unc.edu/fire-safety-everyone-can-be-aware/
https://www.internationalairportreview.com/article/79314/focusing-on-the-best-fire-
protection/

https://www.facilitiesnet.com/firesafety/article/Balanced-Approach-to-Fire-Safety--
2257

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Lesson No. 4 Security Issues in the Workplace and
Safety training Program
Introduction
One of the most crucial aspects in the
workplace is the security of the people,
https://www.themarlincompany.com/b
valuable information, and another
log-articles/6-steps-maintaining-safe-
physical asset of the company. It is one
workplace/
of the key responsibilities of the firm to
provide a secure working environment. In
today's modern world, the security
system is becoming advance such as
CCTV to monitor the interior and exterior
of the property or a biometric scan to
ensure only employees can enter and
leave the workplace. Security checks
from time to time can also prevent
unpleasant circumstances.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Describe the various aspects of workplace security
2. Be familiar with the importance of having a workplace security plan
3. Resolve workplace security issues
4. Defined the term safety training program
5. Discussed the importance of safety training programs
6. Cited examples of safety training programs.

Activate Prior Learning

Activity: Brain Storming

1. In your home scenario, kindly list down all the security issues that you can found
and evaluate the alternative solutions to these issues. Represents it by using this
format below.

Security Issues Alternative Solutions

145
 Acquire New Knowledge

Workplace
security protects employees from
work-related injuries and secures
from intruders. Therefore, every
company must obtain a https://www.snapcomms.com/blog/cy
workplace safety place. ber-security-awareness-
The security issues will campaign
arise as soon as workplace
safety and security will not
maintain. This includes the following: 1) absence of modern physical access control
system; 2) lack of proper monitoring
among the staff and visitors; 3) insufficient
budget to implement an advanced security
system; 4) absence of appropriate
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what
workplace security policy; 5) too much
-is-a-computer-security-risk-definition-types.html
exposure to social media; 6) regular
charging of the passwords and keys; 7)
maintenance of access control and
surveillance system; 8) lack of awareness
on workplace security and procedures; and
9) allowing visitors to unattended in the workplace.

The aspect of Workplace Security

1. Facility maintenance – This is a crucial security protocol to keep the building and
the premise safe and secure by periodical planning, check-up, and maintenance
activities. Building facilities become unstable because of age, frequent use, or
become expired because of the technical capacities of materials.
The following aspects of the facility that require attention: 1) construction
works; 2) doors, window, gates, and other openings; 3) lighting; 4) plumbing; 5) fire
equipment; and 6) heating and cooling system.

2. Server room security – This is one of the most important areas in the building and
the business. They store all the digital information which includes sensitive data
and backups. This also keeps the company's network and digital operations
online.
The requirements needed to protect and secure the server rooms: 1) cooling
server rooms; 2) space requirement; 3) equipment and electrical requirement; and
4) security requirements.

3. Emergency exits – Every workplace must have an emergency plan and protocols
in various locations of the buildings.

146
 The requirements to emergency exits: 1) exit doors and signs must be visible
to everyone; 2) all exit doors must be in standard and approved by a testing
laboratory; 3) all exit doors must be open outside. It should not be revolving or
sliding; 4) all exit routes must be free from any obstructions, and 5) exit routes must
have signs throughout to direct the people properly to the exits;

4. Unauthorized access – The physical access to a room by a stranger or illegal entry

of an employee is an example of unauthorized access that may lead to many
forms of criminal acts such as theft, vulgar, vandalism, and even loss of human
lives.
The unauthorized access may be due to the following: 1) lost or stolen keys;
2) unlocked room doors; 3) tailgating; 4) weak doors lock that can be easily open by
any devices; and 5) smart cards that can easily be hacked.
The physical security guide provides the
following: 1) perimeter security, ensure that the
area is secured with gates, fences, security
guards, surveillance cameras around the
perimeter; 2) install motion detectors and alarm
systems for additional security; 3) require all the
employees, visitors, and contractors to wear their
https://safetyculture.com/checklists/he
identification cards all time; 4) provide heavy-duty
alth-safety-checklists/
locks to areas with sensitive information or
enforce delay control on server room doors; 5)
conduct a thorough background check to new
employees; 6) set up different access control
levels. Not all employees can be granted
permission to enter areas. Require access to
authorized personnel only; 7) install cable locks
for the computer to prevent theft; 8) lock up
sensitive files in a safe drawer; and 9) develop an
emergency plan and train staff.

5. Information security – The majority of the companies’ value information security

with the highest price. Information on customers' credit history, patent
applications, valuable designs, financial records, customers' confidential
information, all of these constitute data security. Unauthorized access to data,
interceptions of data transit, and data corruption are among the possible risks of
loss of valuable information.
The information security includes: 1) security awareness – every employee
understands the security policies and recognizes their responsibility in maintaining a
secure workplace; 2) physical security – the security system is reliable to prevent the
access of an unauthorized person to premises; 3) information security – it finds ways
to specify how users can be identified and create strong password protection; 4)
virus protection - install strong password protection; 5) incident response – these are

147
steps to be taken in case of data loss; and 6) relationship with third parties – it a
special software is used to encrypt the files automatically.

6. Workplace surveillance – The surveillance system plays a vital role to monitor the
activities in the workplace. The main objective of the workplace surveillance is to
protect the assets and valuable information of the company.
The workplace surveillance helps to: 1) identify suspicious activities in the
workplace by employees and visitors; 2) inhibits data theft and other office assets; 3)
improves the personnel security; 4) track any intrusions and activities in the past,
and 5) comply with the legislation requirement.
A workplace security plan is aimed at reducing risk. It will therefore have at
least three objectives, based on your risk assessment. It should include day-to-day
policies, measures, and protocols for managing specific situations.
The advantages of workplace security plan: 1) reduce turnover rate; 2)
higher standards in the workplace; 3) fewer insurance claims; 4) better chances of
retaining the customers and guests, and 5) reduces business cost and disturbance.
Some of the security measures that should be implemented in the operation
are as follows: 1) have well lit in parking areas, walkways, and building entrances; 2)
have emergency call boxes or buttons in parking areas; 3) separate employees from
visitors or clients; and 4) have monitoring or surveillance tools (such as video/CCTV
monitoring and recording, security patrols).

Safety Training Program

The safety programs provide guidelines that direct procedures and include
checklists that can make work environments safer by preventing mishaps. Workers
are required to know safety procedures that need to be followed in their specific
department or area. Workplace safety training is as vital as workplace safety. It
enables the management to ensure a safe and healthy work environment. It also
helps the employees to recognize safety hazards and correct them. It enables them
to understand the best safety practices and expectations.
It can cover a range of procedures from
repairs and maintenance to office space
safety and even tips on identity fraud and
the safe use of chemicals. OSHA has put
forth requirements as a guide to aid in
the development and implementation of
https://pttc.gov.ph/ a safety program for each workplace. A
safety program can only be effective if
there has been prior analysis of the work
environment and employee orientation.
The establishment of an effective
safety program requires employers to be
familiar with their responsibilities under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. For
OSHA, these requirements serve as the basis of every workplace safety program.

148
 Additionally, it analyzes a company's immediate needs and provides for
ongoing, long-lasting worker protection. Once it is designed, the program should be
applied in the workplace. A safety program serves to anticipate, identify, and
eliminate conditions or practices that could result in work-related injuries and
illnesses. Ideally, the process of developing a workplace safety program will involve
employees in its creation.
The safety training describes the set of activities aimed at providing workers
with the knowledge and skills to perform their duties safely and effectively. This type
of training seeks to inform persons of the hazards and risks associated with various
work activities and instruct them on how to identify, report, and address workplace
incidents.
The workers must proper training to identify, report, and deal with associated
risks. Some of the items that safety training in the trenchless technology industry
should address include: 1) proper use of PPE; 2) identifying trip hazards; 3) the use
of fall arrest systems; 4) operating heavy and dangerous machinery; and 5) open
trench stabilization and temporary soil retaining measures.
Another safety training element that also needs to be considered is infectious
disease preparedness and response. The elevation of the novel coronavirus (COVID-
19) to pandemic status by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020,
has highlighted the need to train workers to deal with the hazards associated with
exposure to viruses and other pathogens.
Safety training, as it relates to infectious diseases, should address the
following: 1) proper engineering controls and work practices to reduce disease
exposure; 2) how to safely wear, remove, and dispose of PPE; 3) how to isolate
suspected or confirmed infected individuals, and 4) how to disinfect work areas and
equipment.

Apply Your Knowledge

1. Case Study Analysis

Direction: Read and analyze the case analysis and answer the following questions
below.

Alice is working as a room attendant in a prestigious hotel in Makati. Last July

19, 2019, at about 6:00 in the morning, while she performing room checking, she
found out a dead body in room 404. The room is located on the 6th floor of the
property. Every floor of the property is installed with CCTV cameras that will monitor
the coming in and out of the guests inside or outside of the building. There is also
security personnel that monitors and secure the whole property.
According to the security division of the hotel, as they review the camera,
they found out that there is a woman that enters the room on the night of July 18,
2019 (specifically almost ten in the evening). The front office department also added
information that the woman speaks to them and looking that person and introduce
that she was one of the relatives of the victim so they tried to call the victim for

149
verification. The victim expects the woman to come at that time. The front office
advises the woman to go to the victim's room.
The body of the victim is the turnover of the hotel security to police
investigators for investigation.

Questions:
1. As you analyze the case, what security issue/s do you encounter? Justify your
answers.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Who do you think is responsible for the crime? Why?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. As the owner of the hotel, what immediate actions or decisions will you take to
make solutions to the crime happens in your property?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Assess Your Knowledge

Part 1: Answer the following questions briefly. (5 points each item)

1. What is the main purpose of workplace security plan?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. You received an e- mail from your employer’s sister company. They accidentally
sent confidential information about their customer’s personal information. You

150
 need to reply to this e- mail. What should you do first before replying to your
employer’ sister- company?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. You are working on a financial statement of your employer and need to go to the
toilet. Is there anything you need to do to your computer before you leave your
table? Justify your answer.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

4. In what way you can support password security?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

5. Provide an example of a strong password.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Part 2: Discuss briefly the aspect of workplace security.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

References

Osorno, R., & Bajao, G. (2019). Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security &
Sanitation. Manila. Wiseman’s Book Trading

151
Quebral, V. S. (2016) Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction. Manila. Lorimar
Publishing Inc.

Somoray, A. M. (2020). Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security &

Sanitation. Manila. Unlimited Books Library Services& Publishing

https://www.google.com/search?q=security+issues+in+the+workplace&rlz=1C1GCE
A_enPH913PH913&sxsrf=ALeKk03dGm5drBwYDjFEu8U96l2rWiuyFQ:15982393
80103&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2iZHU8bLrAhVJ05QKHR
xcB3YQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1034&bih=616

https://www.google.com/search?q=safety+training+program+for+hospitality+worke
rs&rlz=1C1GCEA_enPH913PH913&oq=safety+training+program+for+hospitali
ty+workers&aqs=chrome..69i57j33l7.44720j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.snapcomms.com/blog/cyber-security-awareness-campaign

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-computer-security-risk-definition-
types.html

https://safetyculture.com/checklists/health-safety-checklists/

https://pttc.gov.ph/

https://www.google.com/search?q=safety+training+program+define&rlz=1C1GCEA_
enPH913PH913&sxsrf=ALeKk03tPy_CZ30C8YbbKhq6I_AhSFCz7w:1598366589
016&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt_ojGy7brAhWrKqYKHYzg
B6IQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1034&bih=616

https://www.themarlincompany.com/blog-articles/6-steps-maintaining-safe-
workplace/

152