Group 5DRRR

Flash flood
A flash flood is a specific type of flooding characterized by its rapid onset and usually short duration. It's
defined by the National Weather Service as a flood that occurs within 6 hours of the causative event,
though some definitions extend this to 12 hours. The "flash" in the name refers to the speed at which
the flooding occurs, often catching people off guard.
Key Characteristics
- Rapid onset
- High water velocity
- Debris content
- Short duration
- Localized impact
- Significant damage
- High Risk to Life
- Varied triggers
- Difficulty in prediction
- Urban susceptibility
The deadliest flashflood in history
On 11 August 1979, the Machhu-2 dam, situated about 6km upstream of the town of Morvi in the
Saurashtra region of India, collapsed under the onrush of an unprecedented volume of water. An 8-10m
high flood wave rolled down Machhu valley, entirely submerging Morvi and nearby villages. The
estimates of the number of people killed in the unprecedented tragedy vary greatly ranging from 1,800
to 25,000. Additionally, the flood damaged surrounding agricultural lands and resulted in significant loss
of crops. An investigation after the flood determined that the break had been caused by a lack of
communication and structural failure. This event holds a place in the Guinness Book of Records as the
worst dam break in history.
Effects and 6 perspectives
- **Economic:** The disaster caused significant financial loss due to damage to infrastructure, homes,
and businesses. It disrupted local economies and required substantial funds for reconstruction and aid.
- **Psychological:** Survivors faced trauma, grief, and long-term mental health issues due to the loss of
loved ones, homes, and livelihood. The disaster's impact on mental health was profound and enduring.
- **Physical:** Immediate effects included casualties and injuries from the flood. Long-term effects
involved health issues from the destruction of sanitation infrastructure and contaminated water
sources.
- **Political:** The disaster exposed weaknesses in dam maintenance and disaster preparedness,
leading to criticism of local and regional authorities. It prompted calls for improved regulations and
oversight.
- **Sociocultural:** The disaster affected community cohesion, as families and social structures were
disrupted. It highlighted disparities in vulnerability and access to resources, influencing social dynamics.
- **Biological:** The flooding led to outbreaks of waterborne diseases due to contaminated water
supplies. It also had impacts on local flora and fauna, disrupting ecosystems and agriculture.
Prevention Methods
**Individual preparedness**
- Stay informed
- Create an emergency plan
- Prepare an emergency kit
**Community planning**
- Floodplain management
- Storm water management
- Public Education
**Infrastructure improvement**
- Dam maintenance
- Channel improvements
- Early warning systems
Storm surge
A storm surge(Also known as “Daluyong ng Bagyo”) is primarily caused by the relationship between the
winds and the ocean’s surface is the abnormal rise in sea level that occurs during tropical cyclones or
“bagyo”. Storm surge becomes more dangerous when it arrives on top of a high tide. When this
happens, it may flood areas that other wise might have been dry or safe.
Key Characteristics
- Strong winds
- Coastal topography
- Tides
- Low atmospheric pressure
- Wide flooding
- Strong waves
- Destruction
- Water rise
Deadliest storm surge

The deadliest storm surge on record was the Bhola cyclone in 1970, which killed as many as 500,000
people in the area of the Bay of Bengal. The low-lying coast of the Bay of Bengal is particularly
vulnerable to surges caused by tropical cyclones. The deadliest storm surge in the twenty-first century
was caused by the Cyclone Nargis, which killed more than 138,000 people in Myanmar in May 2008. The
next deadliest in this century was caused by the Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), which killed more than
6,000 people in the central Philippines in 2013 and resulted in economic losses estimated at $14 billion
(USD).
Effects and 6 perspectives

- **Economic**: It a devastate coastal infrastructure, disrupt local economies, and lead to massive
financial losses due to damage and increased insurance costs.
- **Psychological**: The sudden and severe nature of storm surge scan cause trauma,stress,and long-
term mental health issues like PTSD among affected individuals.
- **Physical**: The storm surge a cause loss of life,injuries,and widespread property damage, with
flooding and debris posing significant physical hazards.
- **Political**: It can lead to stronger policies, increased funding for infrastructure resilience,and greater
attention to climate change adaptation,ultimately improving future disaster management.
- **Sociocultural**: Communities may face displacements, loss of cultural landmarks, and changes in
social dynamics as they rebuild and recover from the destruction
- **Biological**: The storm surge a disrupt ecosystems, leading to erosion,loss of
habitats,contamination of freshwater supplies,and long-term impact so local flora and fauna.
Prevention Methods
- elevate structures
- install barriers
- improved drainage
- plant vegetation
- emergency plans
- monitor and forecast
Members
Katrina Ira Macahilig
John Thurdy Fernandez
Matt Kian Malicse
Marien Joyce
Valerie Sespeñe
Jazmein Balboa Peduca
Larren Bocol
Mikael Garcia

Group 5DRRR

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Flash flood

Deadliest storm surge

Effects and 6 perspectives

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