Get Full Test Bank Downloads on testbankbell.

com

Test Bank for Psychology and Personal Growth, 8/E

8th Edition Nelson Goud, Abe Arkoff

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-psychology-
and-personal-growth-8-e-8th-edition-nelson-goud-abe-arkoff/

OR CLICK BUTTON

DOWLOAD EBOOK

Download more test bank from https://testbankbell.com

More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

Test Bank for Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology

with DSM-V Updates, 8/E 8th Edition Rita Wicks-Nelson,
Allen C. Israel

https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-abnormal-child-
and-adolescent-psychology-with-dsm-v-updates-8-e-8th-edition-
rita-wicks-nelson-allen-c-israel/

Test Bank for Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology,

8th Edition : Wicks-Nelson

https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-abnormal-child-
and-adolescent-psychology-8th-edition-wicks-nelson/

Test Bank for I Never Knew I Had A Choice Explorations

in Personal Growth, 9th Edition: Corey

https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-i-never-knew-i-
had-a-choice-explorations-in-personal-growth-9th-edition-corey/

Test Bank for Personal Finance 8th by Keown

https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-personal-
finance-8th-by-keown/
Test Bank for Psychology and the Challenges of Life:
Adjustment and Growth, 13th Edition Jeffrey S. Nevid
Spencer A. Rathus

https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-psychology-and-
the-challenges-of-life-adjustment-and-growth-13th-edition-
jeffrey-s-nevid-spencer-a-rathus/

Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th

Edition Susannah Nelson Longenbaker Test Bank

https://testbankbell.com/product/maders-understanding-human-
anatomy-and-physiology-8th-edition-susannah-nelson-longenbaker-
test-bank/

Test Bank for Organizational Behavior Science The Real

World and You 8th Edition by Nelson

https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-organizational-
behavior-science-the-real-world-and-you-8th-edition-by-nelson/

Test Bank for Introduction to Clinical Psychology 8/E

8th Edition Geoffrey P. Kramer, Douglas A. Bernstein,
Vicky Phares

https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-introduction-to-
clinical-psychology-8-e-8th-edition-geoffrey-p-kramer-douglas-a-
bernstein-vicky-phares/

Test Bank for Elementary Statistics, 8/E 8th Edition :

032189720X

https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-elementary-
statistics-8-e-8th-edition-032189720x/
 Test Bank for Psychology and Personal
Growth, 8/E 8th Edition Nelson Goud, Abe
Arkoff
full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-
psychology-and-personal-growth-8-e-8th-edition-nelson-goud-abe-
arkoff/

Test Items for Psychology and Personal Growth (8th Edition)

Section One Identity

“The Search for Identity: A Modern Problem” by Carl Rogers

1. Rogers equates identity with

a. one’s social roles.
b. one’s real self.
c. how others, including social institutions, define us.
d. family origins.
b

2. Rogers contends that compared to very early historical periods,

a. identity formation is now more difficult.
b. identity formation is somewhat easier.
c. identity formation has about the same difficulty.
d. identity formation is now more rigidly defined.
a

3. Identity self-discovery is essentially

a. completed by the age of 21.
b. formed at the time of birth.
c. a life-long process.
d. established by middle age. c

4. According to Rogers, which identity search generally causes the most discomfort
and anxiety?
a. committing oneself to a rigorous ideology
b. joining a peacetime army
c. becoming a member of a political or religious sect
d. individual initiative and responsibility
d

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

1
5. The artist Georgia O’Keefe found her artistic identity by
a. painting images she had never seen elsewhere but in her mind.
b. observing works of painting masters.
c. following the advice of a trusted teacher.
d. a revelation while wandering in the desert.
a

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

2
Short-answer questions

1. Why is it more difficult in modern times to discover one’s identity?

2. Name one advantage and disadvantage each for (a) having your identity defined by
someone else and (b) discovering and creating your identity.

“Rubricizing” by Nelson Goud

1. Rubricizing is
a. placing a person into a category.
b. a form of massage developed in Sweden.
c. the same as stereotyping.
d. a process for perceiving uniqueness. a

2. Self-rubricizing is
a. not possible.
b. freezing your own identity.
c. freezing another’s identity.
d. a health-enhancing behavior. b

True(T) or False(F)

3. T F Rubricizing can be a very individual experience. T

4. T F Rubricizing is usually our first perceptual response. T
5. T F Rubricizing is helpful when dealing with change. F
6. T F Positive rubrics are often resisted. T
7. T F Rubricizing is always an incomplete perception. T
8. T F Rubricizing rarely occurs with someone you know. F

Place an X on any item which lessens negative rubricizing:

9. Be aware of language usage. X

10. Ask “What do you do?” to new people.
11. Know your “rubric triggers.” X
12. Do not be aware of “rubric triggers.”
13. Talk about new topics. X
14. Look at someone as if for the first time. X
15. Ask someone else what kind of person a new co-worker is.

Short-answer questions

1. Describe what rubricizing is and provide examples.

2. Explain how rubricizing can be both helpful and hindering.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

3
3. Name and describe two ways to lessen negative rubricizing.
4. Describe and give an example of self-rubricizing.

“The American Inquisition” Carlos Hipolito-Delgado

1. When asked “Where are you from?” the author found this question to be personally intrusive.
*True False

2. The questioners in this article were attempting to determine the author’s

a. occupation
b. ethnicity c.
last name d.
hometown

b
True(T) or False(F)

3. T F The author was not an American citizen. F

Short answer item:

Describe the author’s reaction to being asked “Where are you from?”

“Tomorrow’s Sunset” Nelson Goud

True(T) or False(F)

1. T F The author believes that personality changes are normally abrupt and easily
recognizable. F

2. T F The vast majority of personality traits which change are negative.

F

Short answer item:

Explain the main theme of “Tomorrow’s Sunset”

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

4
“Suddenly I’m the Adult?” by Richard Cohen

1. Cohen’s sudden realization that he became an adult occurred when he

a. voted for the first time.
b. became a parent.
c. paid for a restaurant meal.
d. bought a house. c

2. Which of the following is not a milestone mentioned by Cohen?

a. death of a parent
b. realizing that he would not be a pro athlete
c. a woman reaching the age when she cannot have children
d. a major job promotion. d

Short-answer question

1. Describe what Cohen meant by “milestones” and provide two examples.

“Challenges of the Emerging Adult” by Nelson Goud

1. Emerging adulthood refers to

a. persons in their late teens.
b. persons in their twenties.
c. persons in Erik Erikson’s Identity vs Identity Diffusion stage.
d. persons who have a steady job and mature social relations. b

2. Freedom is often seen as a burden for the emerging adult, because

a. they want others to make decisions.
b. they do not have the intellectual ability to handle it.
c. too many choices creates uncertainty.
d. none of the above c

3. The “unknown next” refers to

a. no new goal in one’s lifeplan.
b. not knowing who will be a lifetime partner.
c. not knowing when you will die.
d. the future. a

Short-answer questions

1. Describe two of the main issues facing many emerging adults.

2. Provide a description or example of: dashed expectations, burden of too many choices,
and the “unknown next.”

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

5
“CrazyBusy” Edward H. Hallowell, M. D.

1. According to the author, the greatest damage from being too busy is that it
a. causes lower productivity
b. hampers intimacy
c. increases blood pressure
d. keeps one from what is most important d

True(T) or False(F)

2. T F The more we respond to the demands on our lives, the more control we have over it.
F

3. T F If you concentrate, you can perform multiple tasks simultaneously as well as

performing them singly. F

4. T F Multi-tasking is to be avoided when performing important activities.

T

5. The more information we experience, the better the chance of becoming an independent
thinker. F

Short answer items:

Describe the signs of being CrazyBusy and at least two consequences.

Discuss when multi-tasking is harmful.

“Harrison Bergeron” Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.

1. Which is not a theme in “Harrison Bergeron”?

a. having state-enforced handicaps can be socially desirable
b. individual excellence is a desired societal objective
c. equality means sameness
d. trying hard is what counts b

2. The Handicapper General

a. administered and enforced handicaps
b. was the chief of the government’s disability unit
c. punished those who mocked the handicapped
d. was the person with the greatest number of disabilities a

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

6
True(T) or False(F)

3. T F Harrison Bergeron was the ideal role model for citizens.

F

Short answer item:

Describe how equality was achieved in this story. Explain why this is a good or poor
idea.

“The Work World and the Emerging Adult” by Nelson Goud

True(T) or False(F)

1. T F Job-hopping for twentysomethings is not as negative as it was in the past. T

2. T F One of the guidelines for improving one’s attitude toward work is not to
think of negative aspects. F
3. T F It is advised to not change your routine if dissatisfied with your job. F

Short-answer question

1. Describe two ways to make your work more satisfactory according to the article.

“You’re in Prison” John Purugganan

1. For the author, the major factor causing emotional stress was
a. fear of sexual attack
b. taking a shower
c. boredom
d. brutal and unjust guards c

2. Convicted of first-degree murder, the author attributes the killing to

a. effect of a cocaine binge
b. gang fight
c. unstable and abusive childhood
d. insanity a

True(T) or False(F)

3. T F The author’s family provided emotional support throughout his imprisonment

F

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

7
4. T F The author found fellow inmates to be more polite than hostile.
T

Short answer item:

Describe two main reactions the author experiences during imprisonment.

“If I Were A Car, I’d Be A Lemon” by Denise Karuth, and “Think ‘People First’” Ohio Public
Images/Public Images Network

True(T) or False(F)

1. T F The author’s disabilities include deafness. F

2. T F Karuth’s inability to control her body has broken her spirit and makes it
difficult to find joy. F
3. T F Karuth advises others to first identify themselves when encountering
someone you know is blind. T
4. T F Of the 168 hours in a week, the author can spend about one-third of
it out of bed. F
5. T F The author believes that having a major disability simplifies one’s life. F
6. T F The author’s best friend is her boyfriend. F
7. T F Disability advocates prefer the phrase “confined to a wheelchair” rather than
“she uses a wheelchair.” F
8. T F Disability advocates recommend viewing a person with a disability as one who
is not a superhuman model of courage. T

Short-answer questions

1. Describe at least two major ways in which the author’s life differs from a non-disabled
person.
2. According to the article and the boxed piece “Think ‘People First’,” what are two
recommended ways to speak to and about persons with disabilities? Provide examples.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

8
 Section Two Human Communication

“Interpersonal Communication” by Warner Burke

1. According to Burke, which of the following is not a filter or barrier as a sender?

a. wondering if you have something worthy to say
b. your gender
c. feeling anxious about the message
d. wondering if others will understand you b

2. The “third ear” refers to

a. environmental stimuli.
b. one who wears an earphone.
c. repeating another’s message to make sure it’s accurate.
d. non-verbal communication cues. d

3. Which of the following is not a method for sending messages effectively?

a. attempt to write your message as well as say it
b. finding the appropriate words and emotions
c. continually looking for comprehension cues from a listener
d. desire to be understood a

4. A major problem in effective listening is

a. one can think faster than the speaker can talk.
b. some speakers talk faster than our brains can process.
c. over-utilization of the “third ear.”
d. ear wax. a

5. According to psychotherapist Carl Rogers, a major barrier to effective

communication is
a. insufficient knowledge of cultural backgrounds.
b. our tendency to judge and evaluate messages.
c. a hesitancy to self-disclose.
d. being too empathic. b

6. Which is not a way to improve listening skills according to Burke?

a. Listen for the main thought or idea.
b. Try to remember each fact or supporting point.
c. Attempt to find the sender’s frame of reference.
d. Watch nonverbal cues. b

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

9
7. What is a major fear of really understanding another’s point of view?
a. You may find out the other person is smarter.
b. You will be expected to show why your viewpoint is right.
c. You run the risk of being changed in your views.
d. You run the risk of becoming more intimate. c

Short-answer questions

1. Identify and discuss three barriers to effective communication.

2. Name and discuss two ways to become a more effective listener according to Burke.
3. According to Burke, what are two major ways in which to become a more effective
sender?
4. When does it take courage to be a good listener according to Burke?

“To Hear and To Be Heard” by Carl Rogers

1. When Rogers says he really hears someone, he detects all of the following except
a. another’s words and feelings.
b. a deeper universal meaning.
c. how everyone tends to be like their parents.
d. subconscious meanings. c

2. When someone really hears you, according to Rogers, which of the following is
most likely to happen?
a. awful feelings become bearable
b. tension reduction
c. a chance to re-perceive your world
d. you feel judged and analyzed
e. all of the above
f. all but one of the above f

3. Rogers finds that he cannot really hear another when

a. he is sure in advance what another will say.
b. he perceives another’s message may be threatening.
c. he distorts another’s message to fit what he wants.
d. all of the above
e. all but one of the above d

4. When others do not understand you, according to Rogers, you

a. can feel very alone.
b. could possibly develop serious psychological problems.
c. could give up hope that you’ll ever be understood.
d. all of the above
e. all but one of the above d

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

10
Short-answer questions

1. Describe what happens when a person really hears another according to Rogers.
2. According to Rogers, a person cannot really hear another if he/she acts in particular
ways. Name two of them.
3. When a person tries to express himself/herself but is not understood, what, according
to Rogers, is a possible consequence?

“Johnny Bear and the Empath” by Nelson Goud

1. Johnny Bear represented what kind of empathy?

a. true empathy
b. excessive empathy
c. He showed sympathy, not empathy.
d. quasi-empathy d

True(T) or False(F)

2. T F The author believes that there can never by enough empathy. F

3. T F One strength of being an empath is the enhanced ability to self-disclose. F

Short-answer questions

1. Discuss at least two kinds of empathy described in this article.

2. According to the articles, what is a hindrance of quasi-empathy? Being an empathic?

“Self-Disclosure” by Nelson Goud

1. One major research finding on the relationship between self-disclosure and mental
health is
a. positive mental health is characterized by high disclosure to a few
important people.
b. those who consistently tend to under-disclose are healthier than those
who consistently over-disclose.
c. breadth of self-disclosure is highly correlated with positive mental health.
d. the more often one self-discloses, the healthier one becomes.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

11
2. Which of the following is not a reason for low self-disclosure?
a. fear of rejection
b. inability to recognize emotions
c. fear that the revealed information will not be kept secret
d. too much trust d

3. Which of the following is not a consequence of over-disclosure according to the

article?
a. Others begin to avoid the over-discloser.
b. Others do not feel safe in revealing themselves to an over-discloser.
c. Quick but short-lasting friendships
d. The over-discloser is seen as strange. c

4. Which of the following is not one of the purposes of self-disclosure according

to the article?
a. to encourage intimacy
b. to learn about the other person
c. to avoid responsibility
d. to manipulate b

True(T) or False(F)

5. T F Mutual self-disclosure leads to greater intimacy. T

6. T F In early relationship stages, it is advised to emphasize breadth of
disclosure (vs. depth). T
7. T F The article says that in any deep, intimate relationship full disclosure of all
your feelings is necessary. F
8. T F It is preferable to have one person to receive your disclosures rather than
several. F
9. T F The “last minute disclosure” is a recommended technique. F
10. T F The dyad is the single best number of people for effective disclosure. T
11. T F Crisis situations increase the chances of high disclosure. T
12. T F In fusion communication the same person is both the sender and receiver. T
13. T F Boomerang dialogue is a form of disclosure preferred in the Australian
outback. F
14. T F Self-disclosure leads to self-knowledge. T
15. T F Men disclose more negative information than women. F
16. T F Both men and women disclose more as they age. T

Short-answer questions

1. Explain and provide an example for each of the following concepts: disclosure
breadth and depth, under-disclosure, over-disclosure.
2. Discuss two of the guidelines mentioned for disclosing in interpersonal relationships.
3. Name and explain two purposes of self-disclosure.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

12
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 Change “how their pride brought Kawun and Koonbhkurun to such
destruction” to Rawun and Koombhkurun.
“you destroyed the great demon, Kawun: and whenever devils” to
Rawun.
[Chapter II]
“On the hearing this, the Raja Pureechit said to Shookdeo” delete
the first the.
[Chapter III]
“joining its hands, came before him Vishnù said to it” add period
after him.
[Chapter VI]
“the lucky moment, and exact, ray of light, and having
considered” delete the comma after exact.
“on their foreheads, and given them pawn, (betle leaf,) dismissed”
to betel.
“the lines of fate cannot he effaced by one. For this reason” to be.
[Chapter X]
“went and saved the milk; Whilst Krishnù, having broken the
vessels” to whilst.
[Chapter XII]
“of the trees falling, exactly as they had occured” to occurred.
[Chapter XIII]
“Brother! this is some very frighful cave, do not let us go inside” to
frightful.
[Chapter XIV]
“Brothers! this is a nice place, why need We go farther?” to we.
[Chapter XVI]
“Shree Shoodeo said,—O great king! when Shree Krishnù” to
Shookdeo.
“of a kudum tree, placing, his head on the thigh of a companion.”
Delete the second comma.
[Chapter XXIV]
(where the wives were cooking, and said them, “Shree Krishnù
has) to said to them.
[Chapter XXXI]
 (began to say,—“Tell me friend! where has Mohun gone) add
comma after me.
[Chapter XXXVII]
(touch other persons.” Krihsnù replied, “I will summon all the) to
Krishnù.
“and the cowherdessess and cowherds, to celebrate with songs”
to cowherdesses.
[Chapter XLVI]
“We will accomplish, whatever you may order us to perform.”
Delete the comma.
“First of all send an invitation to all their brethen” to brethren.
“there is a demon, named Sunkasoor, in the form of a shell” to
Sunkhasoor.
[Chapter XLVII]
“I will give an account now how Shree Kishnù Chund brought” to
Krishnù.
(whether they still continued to love him Nund added, “Give me)
add period after him.
“although other bees buz over it during the whole night” to buzz.
[Chapter L]
“O lord of the earth! when Shree Khrishnù Jee heard these words”
to Krishnù.
[Chapter LI]
“the descendants of Judoo with you, proctect the fort.” to protect.
[Chapter LII]
(be released from it.” Shree Krishnù Jee; said, “Listen,) delete the
semicolon.
[Chapter LIII]
“There is a saying, that it most fitting to contract marriages” add
is after it.
“Raja Rheekmuk was at first very sad, when he heard these” to
Bheekmuk.
“Rookum has given thee to Sissoopal; and now Rookmunee, you
have become a queen.” add comma after now.
“pillars formed of sprouting plaintain were fixed in the earth” to
plantain.
[Chapter LIV]
“Shree Kishnù Chund, having thus inspired the brahmin” to
Krishnù.
“to receive them: and having, met the bridegroom with great
honour” delete the comma.
“for the reception of the bridegroon and his train, entertained” to
bridegroom.
[Chapter LV]
(performing the ceremony “Arta,” showerd down flowers) to
showered.
“where Rajas Oorgursen, Soorsen, Basoodeo and all the grandees”
to Oogursen.
[Chapter LVII]
“conferring happiness and wealth; Worship it continually,” to
worship.
“and suffering great afflction, they began to weep and lament” to
affliction.
(explained all his anxieties to his wife His wife said, “O husband!)
add period after the first wife.
[Chapter LVIII]
“went thence to Akroor, joining his hands bowing his head,” add
comma after hands.
“and came to Shree Krishnù Chund, the extirpater of grief” to
extirpator.
“and there was abundance All the distress and want that had
been” add period after abundance.
[Chapter LX]
“Tell me what answer I am to take back from you to this requst”
to request.
“he ate up all the sweatmeats and other confections” to
sweetmeats.
[Chapter LXI]
“abandoning your worship, medidation, prayers, penance and
guidance” to meditation.
[Chapter LXIII]
 (at hearing Banasoor, thus address him, and began to say himself,
“I granted) delete the first comma and add to after say.
“Shree Krishuù, will descend upon the earth in the family of
Judoo” to Krishnù.
(Chitrekha replied, “How shall he escape me?” Chitreka proceeded
to) to Chitrekha.
[Chapter LXIV]
“Banasoor worshipping calling to mind, and meditating upon Shree
Muhadeo Jee” add comma after worshipping.
[Chapter LXV]
“as to reckon the number of cows Raja Narug gave away” to
Nurug.
[Chapter LXVI]
“all the cowherds’ chidren came running out, when they saw the
flag” to children.
“all the materials, necessary for the festival were immediately
produced.” Delete the comma.
[Chapter LXIX]
“and all the Kuoruvùs rose haughtily and went to their homes” to
Kouruvùs.
[Chapter LXXII]
“came Shree Krishnù Chund Jee; Wherever they encamped, a
handsome” to wherever.
[Chapter LXXIII]
(I have still one desire.” Krishnù enquired, “What it is?”) to is it.
“the world has been deceived by your delusive power you behave
towards us as a mortal” add exclamation mark after power.
“the money you have given me to whom shall I go now, and ask
for more?” add comma after me.
“my business is to keep watch in a cemetry, and to receive a tax”
to cemetery.
“and died from excess of the hunger het hen endured, and
afterwards” to he then.
[Chapter LXXV]
“Do not use your amrs against him, stand here and look on” to
arms.
[Chapter LXXVI]
“clearing away what food was left, and the treachers, formed of
leaves” to trenchers.
“on the contrary, their character was enchanced” to enhanced.
[Chapter LXXVII]
“when Shree Krishnù Chund and Bulram Jee were at hustinapoor”
to Hustinapoor.
“he constantly rose up and eat a handful of sand; and performed
difficult penance” to ate.
[Chapter LXXVIII]
“this man is without good qualites, avaricious and proud” to
qualities.
[Chapter LXXIX]
“O great king! when Sounuk and all the saints, and sages having
received Bulram Jee’s order” delete the comma after saints.
[Chapter LXXX]
“and he had nothing to eat, One day Soodama’s wife being”
change the comma to a period.
[Chapter LXXXII]
“and Renooka came stood near her husband’s body, she rolled
upon the ground” to came and stood.
“I have had no controul in these matters, the condition or” to
control.
[Chapter LXXXIII]
“O great king! listen, whilst I gave an account of the
conversations” to give.
[Chapter LXXXV]
(Krishnù enquired, “What it was?” Dewukee Jee replied, “Son!
grief) to What is that.
“when the inhabitatns heard this, there was joy throughout the
city” to inhabitants.
[Chapter LXXXVI]
“explained to Buldeo all the secreets connected with the carrying
off Soobhudra” to secrets.
“having beheld the sincere faith of of those two worshippers”
delete one of.
[Chapter LXXXVII]
“for this reason, that one diety is both without, and with passions”
to deity.
“when fourteen worlds became the semblence of water” to
semblance.
“and that on what sidesoever we look, there you are presented” to
side soever.
[Chapter LXXXIX]
“prepared to be burnt upon it with his bow and arows having
then” to arrows.
“upon the head of the king of the serpent face was an
ornamented throne” to race.
“flowers reaching to his feet, and a pearl of necklace” to necklace
of pearls.
[Chapter XC]
“holy and virtuous men sung, the praises of Huri during the eight
watches” delete the comma.
“surpassed the other, how shall I attempt to describe them.”
change period to question mark.
“Whatever benefit is derived from, religious penance, sacrifice,
gifts, fasting, pilgrimage” delete comma after from.

[End of text]
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PREM SAGUR
***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in
these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it
in the United States without permission and without paying
copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of
Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following
the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use
of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything
for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as
creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research.
Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given
away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with
eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject
to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
 PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free

distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree
to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be
bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund
from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in
paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be

used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people
who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a
few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic
works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.
See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with
Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law
in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do
not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing,
performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the
work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of
course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™
mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely
sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated
with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this
agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached
full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge
with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the
United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the
terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying,
performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this
work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes
no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in
any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™
work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears,
or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is
accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it
away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg
License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United
States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived

from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a
notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright
holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the
United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must
comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted

with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted
with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning
of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a
part of this work or any other work associated with Project
Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this

electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1
with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you
provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work
in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in
the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or
expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or
a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original
“Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must
include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in
paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing

access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive
from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
 about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt
that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project
Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™

electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe
and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating
the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may
be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to,
incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a
copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or
damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer
codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for

the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3,
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the
Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim
all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR
NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR
BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH
1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK
OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL
NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF
YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you

discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving
it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by
sending a written explanation to the person you received the work
from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must
return the medium with your written explanation. The person or
entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide
a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work
electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to
give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in
lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may
demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the
problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted
by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation,

the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation,
anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with
the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the
following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or
any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission

of Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.
It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and
donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a
secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help,
see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,

Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to

the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can
be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the
widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many
small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to
maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating

charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and
keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in
locations where we have not received written confirmation of
compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of
compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where

we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no
prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in
such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make

any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of
other ways including checks, online payments and credit card
donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About

Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how
to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.