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    Bitumen Basics

    Uploaded by

    Haswanth Kollu
    basic introduction of bitumen

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Bitumen Basics

    Uploaded by

    Haswanth Kollu
    4 views9 pages
    basic introduction of bitumen

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    basic introduction of bitumen

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views9 pages

    Bitumen Basics

    Uploaded by

    Haswanth Kollu
    basic introduction of bitumen

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 9

    PAVEMENT

    MATERIALS
    PART 2: BITUMEN/ASPHALT BINDER
    BACKGROUND

    - Mankind's oldest engineering - Natural: Lake asphalt, rock asphalt.


    material - Manufactured: Fractional distillation
    - Most expensive and most of crude oil
    important ingredient in
    bituminous road construction
    - Has strong adhesive and water
    proofing properties
    - Should not be confused with
    ‘Tar’
    Source: Blownasphalt.com

    2
    BITUMEN IN INDIA

    - Can be classified using API gravity values:


    density/weight of a unit volume of
    material expressed at 10 ℃

    - API = 141.5/SG – 131.5

    - 10 for water; 5-10 for Asphalt

    - Low API: more bitumen, more sulfur

    3
    PROPERTIES
    - Physical : Empirical, Mechanical (rheological)
    - Chemical

    Physical Tests

    - Consistency tests: Penetration, Softening point, Ductility, Viscosity


    - Ageing tests: Short term ageing (TFO, RTFO); Long term ageing (PAV)
    - Purity tests
    - Safety tests: Cleveland open cup
    - Other tests: Specific gravity, spot test
    4
    Method: Temperature at which a standard steel ball
    PHYSICAL TESTS placed in a standard brass ring filled with bitumen
    travels a standard distance (1 inch), when heated at a
    standard rate (5 ℃/min). The test assembly is placed
    under water/ethylene glycol.

    PENETRATION
    Correlation with performance: Some literature identifies
    it to be a rutting quantifying parameter. Higher the
    softening point, stiffer the binder, better performance in
    Method: Penetration of a standard needle weight rutting.
    (100 gms/200 gms) for a standard time (5 s/ 60 s)
    at a standard temperature (25 ℃/ 4 ℃)
    Empirical test method

    Correlation with performance: No, Empirical


    Can you innovate alternatively?

    Choice of Temperature: Average pavement


    temperature
    SOFTENING POINT

    Can you innovate alternatively?

    5
    Method:
    1. At 60 ℃: Time taken by the bitumen to pass
    PHYSICAL TESTS through pre-marked points in an u-tube
    viscometer when subjected to a standard air
    pressure.
    2. At higher temperatures (130 ℃/ 160 ℃):
    Torque required to rotate a standard spindle
    DUCTILITY TEST placed under the bitumen sample when rotated
    at standard rate (20 rpm)
    Correlation with performance: Some literature
    Method: Distance travelled by a standard bitumen briquette identifies it to be a rutting quantifying parameter.
    (center c/s area is 1 cm2), before breaking, when pulled at a Higher the viscosity, stiffer the binder, better
    standard rate (5 cm/min) at a standard temperature (25 ℃). performance in rutting.
    SG of water and bitumen should be same (use alcohol/salt to
    decrease/increase)
    Fundamental material property
    Correlation with performance? Yes, but at lower temperatures
    (15 ℃/4 ℃). Pulled at a slower rate (1 cm/min)

    VISCOSITY

    6
    Method 2: Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT): 35 g
    PHYSICAL TESTS sample placed in glass Jars kept at 163 ℃ for 85
    minutes, rotated at 15 RPM with an airflow of 4000
    ml/min
    Improved version of TFOT: Takes shorter duration.
    SHORT TERM AGEING

    Method 1: Thin Film Oven Test (TFOT): 50 g sample placed in a


    cylindrical flat bottom (9.5 mm deep, sample depth is 3 mm),
    rotated at 5-6 rev per minute at 163 ℃ for 5 hours.
    Simulates short term ageing of thin film of bitumen during
    production to compaction.
    Change in physical/rheological properties are assessed to get
    the effect of ageing

    SHORT TERM AGEING

    7
    PHYSICAL TESTS
    Purity Tests:

    LONG TERM AGEING Solubility in Trichloroethylene/Carbondisulfide. Bitumen,


    dissolved and filtered through a glass fibre pad. 99 %
    solubility desired.
    Safety Tests:
    Method: PAV: Pressure ageing vessel test: RTFO aged samples
    (50 g) placed in stainless steel pans for 20 hours in a heated Cleveland open cup apparatus. Flash and fire point
    pressurized vessel (2.10 Mpa) at standard temperatures (90
    ℃, 100 ℃ or 110 ℃).
    Gradual release of pressure required. After removal, place in
    oven at 163 ℃ for 15 min, scrape the materials into a single
    container, place in an vacuum oven at 170 ℃ (30 minutes) for
    degassing to removed entrapped air.
    What does it simulate? Asphalt binder is exposed to heat and
    pressure to simulate in-service aging over a 7 to 10 year OTHER TESTS
    period.

    8
    THANK YOU
    NIKHILSABOO.CIV@IITBHU.AC.IN

    HTTPS://WWW.RESEARCHGATE.NET/PROFILE/NIKHI
    L_SABOO2/

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