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    Computer Application Assignment Two

    Uploaded by

    Peter Oyugi
    note computer

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Computer Application Assignment Two

    Uploaded by

    Peter Oyugi
    3 views5 pages
    note computer

    Original Title

    Computer application assignment two

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    note computer

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views5 pages

    Computer Application Assignment Two

    Uploaded by

    Peter Oyugi
    note computer

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

    1. Classification Based on Size and Power

    Supercomputers:

    Characteristics: Extremely fast, capable of processing vast amounts of data simultaneously; used
    for complex calculations (e.g., weather modeling, scientific simulations).

    Mainframes:

    Characteristics: Large, powerful machines used in organizations for bulk data processing and
    critical applications (e.g., banking transactions).

    Minicomputers:

    Characteristics: Mid-sized, capable of supporting multiple users; often used for specific
    applications (e.g., industrial control systems).

    Microcomputers:

    Characteristics: Small, personal computers like desktops, laptops, and tablets; designed for
    individual use.

    2. Classification Based on Purpose

    General-purpose computers:

    Characteristics: Versatile and capable of performing a wide range of tasks (e.g., personal
    computers).

    Special-purpose computers:

    Characteristics: Designed for a specific task (e.g., embedded systems in cars, ATMs).
    3. Comparison of Analog, Digital, and Hybrid

    ComputersAnalog Computers:

    Characteristics: Process continuous data (e.g., voltage levels) and are often used in simulations.

    Digital Computers:

    Characteristics: Process discrete data using binary; most common type for general computing
    tasks (e.g., desktops, servers).

    Hybrid Computers:

    Characteristics: Combine features of both analog and digital; used in specialized applications
    like medical imaging.

    4. Classification Based on Processing Capabilities

    Single-user systems:

    Characteristics: Designed for use by one person at a time (e.g., personal computers).

    Multi-user systems:

    Characteristics: Support multiple users simultaneously (e.g., mainframes).

    Multiprocessing systems:

    Characteristics: Use multiple CPUs for parallel processing (e.g., supercomputers).


    Multitasking systems:

    Characteristics: Allow multiple processes to run concurrently on a single CPU (e.g., modern
    operating systems).

    5. Classification Based on Architecture

    Von Neumann Architecture:

    Characteristics: Uses a single memory space for both data and instructions, leading to potential
    bottlenecks.

    Harvard Architecture:

    Characteristics: Has separate memory for data and instructions, allowing for more efficient
    processing.

    6. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Components Control Unit (CU): Directs operations within the

    CPU.

    Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs mathematical and logical operations.

    Registers: Small, fast storage locations for immediate data access.


    COMPUTER SECURITY

    1. Key Principles of Computer Security (CIA Triad)

    Confidentiality: Protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.

    Integrity: Ensuring data is accurate and unaltered.

    Availability: Ensuring systems and data are accessible when needed.

    2. Types of Malware

    Viruses: Attach to programs and spread when executed.

    Worms: Self-replicate across networks.

    Trojans: Disguised as legitimate software but perform harmful actions.

    Ransomware: Locks files and demands payment for access.

    Spyware: Monitors and collects user information without consent.

    3. Role of Encryption

    Encryption: Secures data by converting it into a coded format, protecting it during transmission
    and when stored.

    4. Importance of Security Measures

    Firewalls: Filter traffic to prevent unauthorized access.

    IDS/IPS: Monitor and respond to suspicious activities.

    Antivirus Software: Detects and removes malicious software.

    5. Social Engineering Attacks

    Phishing: Deceptive attempts to acquire sensitive information.


    Baiting: Tempting users to download malware.

    Pretexting: Creating false scenarios to extract information.

    Human Factor: Lack of awareness can lead to security breaches.

    6. Basic Computer Organization Elements

    CPU: The brain of the computer, processing instructions.

    Memory: Includes RAM (temporary storage) and ROM (permanent storage).

    Input/Output Devices: Interfaces for user interaction and data communication.

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