Faculty of Computer Science Page 1 of 21

Final Exam
Term: Fall 2018 (Sep4-Dec4)

Student ID Information

Last name: First name:

Student ID #: CS.Dal.Ca userid:

Grade Table
Course ID: CSCI 2132 Question Score

Course Title: Software Development 1 /12

Instructor: Vlado Keselj 2 /12

Date of Exam: 9 Dec 2017

3 /6

4 /6
Time Period: Start: 12:00
End: 15:00 5 /7

Duration of Exam: 3 hours 6 /9

Exam Location: Dalplex

7 /8

8 /8
Number of Exam Pages: 21 pages
(including this cover sheet) 9 /10

Exam Type: Closed Book 10 /10

Additional
11 /10

Materials Allowed: One letter-format paper 12 /9

(8.5”×11”) with anything written
or printed on it (both sides). 13 /8
No textbooks, computers,
calculators, or other aids are 14 /32
allowed.
Σ /147
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1. (12 points) True-false questions. 2 points each. No justification necessary, but it

may be helpful if the question seems ambiguous.
a) (2 points) In the UNIX file model, a file is a stream of bytes.

b) (2 points) Symbolic links and pipes are types of files in Unix.

c) (2 points) In the C programming language, the following two pairs of scanf format
strings are equivalent:
"%c,%c"
"%c ,%c"

d) (2 points) In the C programming language, the following two pairs of scanf format
strings are equivalent:
"%d,%d"
"%d ,%d"

e) (2 points) If there is a text file named log.txt in the current working directory, the
command date >> log.txt will append the output of the date command to the end of
log.txt.

f) (2 points) In a shell script, whenever we used the command exit to terminate the
script, we are always required to provide an exit code explicitly as the argument of the
exit command.
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2. (12 points) Multiple-choice. Circle the single best answer.

a) (3 points) Which of the following statements regarding streams and files in the C
programming language is INCORRECT?

A. In C, a stream is any source of input or any destination of output;

B. The following statement will output “out of memory” followed by a newline character
to the standard error channel:
fprintf(stdout, "out of memory\n");
C. The fopen function returns NULL when it fails to open a file;
D. The notion of lines does NOT apply to binary files.
b) (3 points) If c is a variable of type char, which one of the following statements is
illegal?

A. i += c; /* i has type int */

B. c = 2 * c - 1;
C. printf(c);
D. putchar(c);
c) (3 points) Suppose that the following declarations are in effect:
int a[] = {17, 211, 10, -5, 14, 19};
int *p = &a[3];
What is the value of *(p+2)?

A. 10
B. -5
C. 14
D. 19
d) (3 points) A file names contains people names. Each line contains a first name and a
last name of a person (e.g. John Smith), and the file is not sorted. Our task is to list
only first names, sorted alphabetically, and no name should be repeated in more than
one line.
Which one of the following four command will complete this task correctly?
A. cut -d " " -f 1 < names | uniq | sort
B. cat names | cut -d " " -f 1 | sort | uniq
C. sort | uniq | cut -d " " -f 1 names
D. sort < names | uniq | cut -d " " -f 1
CSCI 2132, 9 Dec 2017, Final Exam Page 4 of 21

3. (6 points) Program Output.

What is the output of the following program? You can justify your answer, but it is not
required.

int a[10] = {1}, i;

int *p = &a[4];
int *q = p+1;

for (i=1; i<10; i++) a[i] += a[i-1]+2;

*(p++) = *(q++); q++; *(p++) = *(q++);

printf(" %d %d %d\n", *a + *q - *p, q-p, *q-*p);

for (i = 4; i < 8; i++) printf(" %d", a[i]);

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4. (6 points) Explain briefly.

Show the content of the standard main parameters: argc and argv when we call the
compiled program in the following way:
./a.out apple pine orange cherry
If there are any pointers or strings, show them graphically.
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5. (7 points) Program Output. What is the output of the following program?

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
char s[90] = "test";
char *p = "program";

printf("%d %d\n", strlen(s), strlen(p+2));

puts(strcat(s, p));
printf("%d\n", strlen(s));

return 0;
}
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6. (9 points) Single command line. For each of the following questions, write a single
Unix command line to perform the task required.
a) (3 points) Print a list of files in the directory /usr/bin whose names end with the
English word “make”. The file named make is considered one of these files.

b) (3 points) Print out the number of six-character words in the Linux dictionary file
/usr/share/dict/linux.words starting with a or c and ending with h.
Recall that this dictionary file contains one English word per line.

c) (3 points) Print out a list of regular files in the directory /usr/bin whose file owner
has read permission but does not have execute permission.
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7. (8 points) Give concise answers.

a) (4 points) Write down the full names (NOT abbreviations) of four gdb commands,
i.e. those commands that you can enter in the gdb console. For each command you put
down, write a short sentence to explain what this command is for. You are not required
to explain the usage such as parameters or options of these commands; the explanation
that you write just have to be sufficient to show that you know what these commands
do.

b) (4 points) Suppose that you are working in a directory that is a working copy of
a directory in SVN. You created a new file, named file.c in your directory. Which
command lines are required to save this file in the SVN repository?
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8. (8 points) Give concise answers.

a) (4 points) Briefly explain the keyword static when used with a variable inside a
function and outside a function.

b) (4 points) The following is supposed to be an implementation of the strcpy function

in the standard C library, but there are two errors. Find out these errors, explain why
they are incorrect, and fix these errors by modifying the code printed below.

char* strcpy(char *s1, const char *s2) {

int i = 0;

while (s2[i] != ’\0’) {

s1[i] = s2[i];
i++;
}

return s2;
}
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9. (10 points) Large program organization.

(10 points) Assume that you have a project with the following files: main.c containing
the main function, llist.c containing a linked list implementation, and llist.h a
header file containing all function prototypes. The file llist.h is included in the two
source files main.c and llist.c.
a) (4 points) What code you need to write in llist.h to protect it against double-
inclusion?

b) (6 points) Write a makefile to compile the program into the executable named llist
when we run the command ‘make’ or ‘make all’. The make should do separate compi-
lation of files main.c and llist.c.
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10. (10 points) Give brief answer.

a) (5 points) Briefly describe what the malloc function does and its time efficiency.

b) (5 points) Briefly describe the mergesort algorithm, its advantages and disadvantages,
and discuss running time. If you want to use code, use pseudo code.
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11. (10 points) Code snippets

(10 points) Write a C program that reads a sequence of integers, one integer per line,
from the standard input. For each input integer n, such that n ≥ 1, the program must
print the sum of all positive integers k such that 1 ≤ k ≤ n. The input will contain one
integer less than 1, and the program must terminate once it reads this integer.
CSCI 2132, 9 Dec 2017, Final Exam Page 13 of 21

12. (9 points) Shell scripting

a) (3 points) Briefly explain how shell interprets double parentheses in a command, such
as: (( some expression ))

b) (6 points) Briefly explain the lines (1), (2) and (3) in the shell script below:

if [ ! -d $1 ]; then
echo Error (1)
exit 1
fi

if [ -f $1/testfile.txt ]; then (2)

if [ ! -e tmp/testfile.txt ]; then (3)
cp $1/testfile.txt tmp/testfile.txt
fi
fi
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13. (8 points) File operations in C

(8 points) Consider the following two choices for opening a file:
FILE *fp = fopen("foo", "ab+"); /* choice A */
FILE *fp = fopen("foo", "a+"); /* choice B */
and the following two choices for writing the double variable x to the file:
fprintf(fp, "%lf\n", x); /* choice C */
fwrite(&x, sizeof(double), 1, fp); /* choice D */
a) Which choices for opening the file and writing to the file are appropriate to be used
together? Why?
b) Give one advantage for each choice of writing x to the file.
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14. (32 points) Write a C program.

(32 points) Assume that you are working on a program to process product prices. The
data will be stored in a linked list where the structure of a node is given in C as follows:

struct node {
char prod[50]; /* prod is product name */
double price; /* price is product price */
struct node *next; /* next is pointer to next node */
};

(a) (4 marks) Write a C function printprod that takes a pointer to the above node
structure and prints a line with the following: the product name, a comma (,), the
product price, another comma, and a newline character to the standard output. An
output example is: office desk, 356.78,
The function prototype must be: void printprod(struct node *n);
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(b) (10 marks) Write the C function readprod which allocates a node structure, and
fills it with a product name, price, and sets member next to NULL. The product name
and price are read from the standard input. The input format is as follows:
orange juice, 5.95, ....
so, the product name consists of some characters that are not comma, followed by a
comma, followed by product price, followed by comma, and some other optional charac-
ters in a line. You can assume that product name is not longer than 49, and the function
should also read all characters to the end of line but not store them anywhere. You do
not need to do much error checking except that if you cannot read input in required for-
mat the function should return NULL. The function returns a pointer to the structure
created like this. The function prototype is: struct node* readprod();
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(c) (10 marks) Write the C function insert which inserts a node into a linked list. You
can assume that list has products sorted by price from high to low, and after inserting
the node, the list should remain sorted. The first argument head is the pointer to the
first element of the list, or NULL if the list is empty. The second argument newnode is
the new node to be inserted. The function returns the new head of the list. The function
prototype is: struct node* insert(struct node *head, struct node *newnode);
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(d) (8 marks) Write a C program that reads a sequence of products and prints them out
sorted by their price from high to low. The program must read the the products using
the function readprod defined in (b), insert them into a linked list using the function
insert defined in (c). The products must be printed using the function printprod
defined in (a). Write a complete program with includes and the function main, but you
can assume that the functions printprod, readprod, and insert are already defined
and their prototypes included, and struct node already defined.
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An extra page for the last question.

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(extra blank page 1 provided)

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(extra blank page 2 provided)