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Data Communication & Network Notes

The document discusses key concepts in data communication and networking. It defines data communication as the sharing of information between devices via transmission media. A data communication system has five components: a message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, and protocol. Data can be represented in text, number, image, audio or video forms. Communication between devices can occur in simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex modes. A network must meet performance, security, and reliability criteria. Physical network structures can have point-to-point or point-to-multipoint connection types and mesh, star, bus, or ring physical topologies. Common network models include OSI and TCP/IP.

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Ahsan Khan
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326 views

Data Communication & Network Notes

The document discusses key concepts in data communication and networking. It defines data communication as the sharing of information between devices via transmission media. A data communication system has five components: a message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, and protocol. Data can be represented in text, number, image, audio or video forms. Communication between devices can occur in simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex modes. A network must meet performance, security, and reliability criteria. Physical network structures can have point-to-point or point-to-multipoint connection types and mesh, star, bus, or ring physical topologies. Common network models include OSI and TCP/IP.

Uploaded by

Ahsan Khan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING LECTURE # 1 (20-10-11) DATA: raw form of facts & figures.

DATA COMMUNICATION: sharing of information between two or more devices through some transmission media. A data communication system is a combination of Hardware & Software. The efficiency of data communication system depends upon. 1) 2) 3) 4) Delivery: data must reach to the receiver. Accuracy: Data intended should reach to receiver. Timeliness: Accepted time factor should be followed. Jitter: Difference in arrival time of packets is called jitter.

COMPONENTS : A data communication system has five components: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Message: data that needs to be communicated. Sender: Device that sends the data. Receiver: Device that receives the data. Transmission Medium: Physical path through which data is transmitted. Protocol: set of rules that governs this transmission.

DATA REPRESENTATION: Data can be represented in the following forms: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Text: character based information. Number: e.g. 1,2,3,4 or 0.4, 0.5 etc. Images: Including pictures or pictorial form of information. Audio. Video.

DATA FLOW: Communication between two devices can be: 1) Simplex : single channeled only one bit at a time. E.g. broadcasting. 2) Half Duplex: One channel used for transmission / Reception. One at a time e.g. walkie talkie. 3) Full Duplex: two channeled, one channel for transmission and other for reception.

LECTURE # 2 (27-10-11) NETWORK CRITERIA: A network must fulfill the following criteria: 1) Performance: throughput (data tansmission rate) and delay. Response time means data originated at sender, passed through the network, reached at receiver, receiver responded. Transit Time means time taken by data from one end to another. Execution Time means time taken to perform execution on data or task assigned.

2) Security: information passed through the network should be risk free no illegal or outside access should be possible. 3) Reliability: link failures should be minimun. PHYSICAL STRUCTURE: What is the physical status of the network. CONNECTION TYPE: how the network modules are connected with each other. 1) Point to Point: any device has a dedicated link with all other devied in the network. 2) Point to Multipoint: every device in network is connected to dedicated server or reserve point. & all are connected to server, devices communicate through server. PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY: refers to how a network is laid out physically. It is geometric representation of all the links & linknig devces within a network. 1) MESH TOPOLOGY: point to point approach, all devices are interconnected with each other in network. Its for n devices (n-1) links expensive, complicated , maintenance is tough job. 2) STAR TOPOLOGY: no of links are reduced to simplex network, reliablity is less, simpler network, all nodes are connected to hub forming a star topology network. 3) BUS TOPOLOGY: all devices are connected through one common link , reliability , security issues are greater. 4) RING TOPOLOGY: network divided in groups, connected to their respective switches share information, delay less, if link fails where network suffers, security would be good among groups but not that good among parallel nodes. In realtime systems we use hybrid tologies of our own desinged network system) e.g. Network Models: 1) OSI Model. 2) TCP/IP Model.

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