Instructor: Ms. Sweetrose P.

Pacilan
❑ critique the research concept
presented;
❑ refine the paper’s content as
a whole;
❑ suggest meaningful ideas to improve
one’s research study; and
❑share valuable insights on research writing
that are of great help to the participants.
❑ a careful study that is done to find and report
new knowledge about a problem or issue.
❑the systematic process of collecting and analyzing
information (data) in order to increase our
understanding of the phenomenon about which we
are concerned or interested.
 In the simplest of terms, the research definition is a process of

seeking out knowledge. This knowledge can be new, or it can support an

already known fact. The purpose of research is to inform and is based on

collected and analyzed data. This exploration occurs systematically, where

it is either tested or investigated to add to a body of knowledge.

 Research is intended to support a purpose and occurs across many

disciplines such as psychological (mind and behavior), scientific (chemical

reactions), educational (human development), medical (drugs and drug

trials), animalistic (animal behavior), humanistic (social), and technological

(software/security).
In conceptualizing your research, answer the following:
In conceptualizing your research, answer the following:
The following information needs to be on the title
page:
• The title (and possibly the subtitle) of your research
paper
• First name and surname of the author(s)
• Date of completion
The following must be considered in making
your research title:
• The title must be clear and precise.
• It has an objective and purpose.
• It should be written in 10-12 words
• By just reading the title, you can determine what the
investigative study is about.
1. Immerse to Converse
2.Theories to Practice: The Teaching of English as a
Second Language
3.Students’ Attitude towards Learning the English
Language
4.English Drive: A Bane or A Boon to Language
Proficiency
5.The Effectiveness of MI Model in Teaching Literature
1. Blended Learning
2.Outcomes- based Education
3.Mobile- Assisted Language Learning
4.Computer- Assisted Language Learning
5.Edutainment in Teaching English
6.Sensation Fiction : A Take in Violence and Sex

7. Effects of Contextualization in Students’

Reading Comprehension
• An abstract presents a brief summary of your
research in 1 or 2 paragraphs with 200-300 words
only.
• The aim of the abstract is to briefly provide the
reader with the most important information from
the entire text.
• Includes your research problem, the method and
procedure you used, the findings and conclusion of
the study.
Rationale/ Introduction – 2-3 pages
It is the foundation of your research. It is a
chronological story of your research that states the
gaps, the known and unknown. It starts with a
strong statement.
The following must be written in this part:
1. Global and local issues or scenarios to which your
study is anchored.
2. Literature- write 1 or 2 related literature supporting
the issue
3. State the GAP – refers to the problem, issue or
phenomenon, it could be based on facts, observations
or an experience
4. Intention of your paper – It is in this premise that
this study investigates_______.
5. Predict an output.
Introduction Writing Tips
1. Use active voice of the verbs.
2. Write concise sentences. Avoid adjectives and
flowery words.
3. Broad to specific
4. Use strong verbs
5. No personal pronouns such as I /We/ You
Theoretical Background of the Study

This part tackles or explains the main theory to which

your study is anchored.
Theories in ELT include:
1. Communicative Language Teaching by Dell Hymes
2.Monitor Theory by Stephen Krashen
3.Interlanguage Theory Larry Sekinker
4.Universal Grammar by Noam Chomsky
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework of the Study
 Statement of the Problem

• composed of 2 categories: general problem and

specific problems.
• should be SMART : specific, measurable, attainable,
realistic, and time bounded. It should be objectively
stated.
• It can be a question or in a declarative statement.
(Use the present tense of the verb)
Hypotheses/Hypothesis
Hypotheses/Hypothesis
 Significance of the Study

• It indicates how important your research /

investigatory project is for the people, environment
and community as a whole.
• Most importantly, state the significance of your
study in English Language Teaching.
Significance of the Study
Significance of the Study
Scope and Delimitation of the Study

• It covers the range of your research.

• It includes the period of research, the materials and
tools to be used, the subject of the study or the
sample of the study, and the procedure and
statistical treatment to be used.
 Definition of Terms

Use Operational definitions. These are derived from

how the terms were used in your research
Define the content or significant words used in your
title.
Definition of Terms
 Chapter II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature
• The statements are taken from science books,
journals, journals, magazines, newspapers, and any
documents from authorized scientists, Science
experts or well-known Science agencies.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=70n2-gAp7J0
Related Studies
• They are researches which may be local or
foreign studies which can attribute to your
study.
Note: APA citation must be used.
 Tips in writing the RRLS

1.Must be organized to cover specific problems.

Separate related literature and related studies.
Arrange according to:
▪ Chronological order
▪ Perspective
▪ Method
▪ Topic/theme
 Tips in writing the RRLS

2. Must take all the evidences about the

problem.
3. As much as possible, get the latest published
materials. Five years back only.
4. It must be related to your topic.
5. On the last part, you must have a statement
how these literatures and studies help the
researcher in their current study and relate it to
your study.
 Chapter III
Research Methodology
RESEARCH DESIGN
It is a systematic approach that a researcher
uses to conduct a scientific study.

2 General Types
Quantitative and Qualitative Research
 Research Method

Research methods are the strategies, processes or

techniques utilized in the collection of data or evidence
for analysis in order to uncover new information or
create better understanding of a topic.
Qualitative Research gathers data about lived
experiences, emotions or behaviours, and the
meanings individuals attach to them. It assists in
enabling researchers to gain a better understanding
of complex concepts, social interactions or cultural
phenomena. This type of research is useful in the
exploration of how or why things have occurred,
interpreting events and describing actions.
Qualitative Techniques or Tools Quantitative Techniques or Tools
Interviews: these can be structured, semi-structured or Surveys or questionnaires: which ask the same questions
unstructured in-depth sessions with the researcher and a to large numbers of participants or use Likert scales which
participant. measure opinions as numerical data.

Focus groups: with several participants discussing a Observation: which can either involve counting the number
particular topic or a set of questions. Researchers can be of times a specific phenomenon occurs, or the coding of
facilitators or observers. observational data in order to translate it into numbers.

Observations: On-site, in-context or role-play options. Document screening: sourcing numerical data from
financial reports or counting word occurrences.

Document analysis: Interrogation of correspondence Experiments: testing hypotheses in laboratories, testing

(letters, diaries, emails etc) or reports. cause and effect relationships, through field experiments,
or via quasi- or natural experiments.

Oral history or life stories: Remembrances or memories of

experiences told to the researcher.
Quantitative Research gathers numerical data which
can be ranked, measured or categorized through
statistical analysis. It assists with uncovering
patterns or relationships, and for making
generalisations. This type of research is useful for
finding out how many, how much, how often, or to
what extent.
Mixed Methods Research integrates both
Qualitative and Quantitative Research. It provides a
holistic approach combining and analysing the
statistical data with deeper contextualised insights.
Using Mixed Methods also enables Triangulation, or
verification, of the data from two or more sources.
Finding Mixed Methods research in the Databases
PubMed - there are no suitable MeSH terms for mixed methods
research in Medline. Search your topic with the following suggested
free text keywords using the quotation marks and truncation
symbol*:“mixed model*” OR “mixed design*” OR “multiple
method*” OR multimethod* OR triangulat*
CINAHL - the following Subject Headings may be of use: Multimethod
Studies or Triangulation. You can also include in your search the
following free text keywords: mixed model*, mixed design*, multiple
method*, multimethod*, or triangulat*.
Quantitative Research Design
It is used to examine the relationship between
variables by using numbers and statistics to
explain and analyze its findings.
4 Types of Quantitative Research Design
1. Descriptive Design –intended to describe the
present status of a certain phenomenon.
2.Correlational Design – seeks to discover if two
variables re associated in some way.
3. Experimental Design – used to establish cause
and effect relationship between two or
among group of variables.
4. Quasi-experimental design – Same with true
experimental research but does not use
randomized sample groups.
Research Respondents
People involved in the implementation of the
study.
Research Environment
The place where the study is implemented.
Research Instrument
Refers to the tools used by the researcher such
as the standardized or researcher- made test
questionnaire, interview, survey questionnaire,
etc.
Statistical Treatment
• It comes in various ways. It can be mean,
median mode, percentage, Chi-square,
standard deviation, T-test, Pearson r,
Spearman Anova.
• Work closely with your statistician.
Data gathering procedure
• Describes the process or procedure in the
conduction or implementation of the research
and gathering of data.
Ethical Consideration
Ethical considerations in research are a set of
principles that guide your research designs and
practices. These principles include voluntary
participation, informed consent, anonymity,
confidentiality, potential for harm, and results
communication.
Academic Research Sources
Academic Research Sources
Appendices
CITATIONS
CITATIONS
CITATIONS
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 Concept Paper
I. Title
II. RATIONALE
III. THEORETICAL.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
IV. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
V. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
VI. RESEARCH DESIGN
VII. RESEARCH PARTICIPANT
Thank You and God
Bless BAELS!