TRENDS

DEMOCRACY

DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

POLITICAL STRUCTURES

What is Democratic Practice?

- Democractice practice is a set of principle and practices that guide how people interact and work
together everyday to improve their community and to create a more just society.

What are some democratic practice?

A. Suffrage or the Right to Vote. It gives the people the opportunity to exercise sovereignty by choosing the
candidates who will govern and serve them. Eligible voters have the right to elect the government of his
or her country by secret vote, it is only fair that they have a direct hand in choosing the officials.

B. Public Assembly and Consultation. “The Public Assembly Act of 1985,” makes sure that the peoples’
exercise their right to a peaceful assembly citizens have an set of rights and responsibilities, including
the right to participate in decisions that effect public welfare. This act stipulates that rallies,
demonstration, marcher, public meetings, processions, or parades (collective, referred to as public
assembly) can be held in public place to express opinion, to protect against, or to air grievances on
certain issues.

C. Majority Rule and Minority Rights. It is the making of binding decisions by a vote of more than one-half
of all persons who in an election THOMAS JEFFERSON, third president of the UNITED STATES,
expressed the concept of democracy in 1801 in his first inaugural address, he said “All will bear in mind
this sacred principle that though the will of the majority in all access to prevail that will to be rightful
must be reasonable that the minority process their equal right, which equal law must protect and to
violate would be oppression.”

Assessing Political and Social Institutions

DEMOCRACY as a form or government comes in many forms. Even though supported by most citizen: in
democratic states, what they cherish are widely different systems. This plurality is crucial when the quality of
democratic governance is to be evaluated. However, variations not only concern strict political systems as such
but also the relationship between political institutions and the social institutions that are not directly part of
political processes.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS are organizations which create, enforce, & apply laws. They often mediate
conflict, malve (governmental) policies with regards to the economy and social systems, and otherwise provide
representation for the populous.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS in a narrow sense are complemented by voluntary organizations and social
movements. Moreover, other social fields which are permanently present in the lives of the people, such as
education, health care, and others, may be equally important to the quality of democracy. Democracy refers both
to the functioning of political institutions and to the extension of democratic ideas to other social institution…

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POLITICAL STRUCTURES & POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS are generic, while structure are generic. Structure pertain to the executive branch
of government, while institutions pertain to the legislative branch.

The PRIME MINISTER and the CABINET are institutions that take all important policy decisions. A
democracy in a more traditional sense in a political system that allows for each individual to participate.
Institutions are important in a democratic government because they ensure that the system runs according to the
rule of law and not according to whims and and fancies of a ruler. A social institution consists of a group people
who have come together for a common purpose. They govern behaviour and expectations of individuals.

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS are systems of behavioral and relationship patterns that are densely interwoven and
enduring, and function across an entire society.

FAMILY is very important in Germany both from social and legal viewpoints. A family creates a stable and
often unbreakable relationship.

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY to SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS. Political philosophy informs sociological

analysis by examining how institutions regulate social behaviour and conflicts among individuals and
organizations. These institutions represent social compromises or consensus, but conflicts persist in various
forms, including divergent interests, normative dilemmas, and diffening interpretations of institutional
functions. Thus, the relationship between them reflects complementarity and tensions at the same time. The
prevalence of dilemmas, tensions and conflicts within institutions points to the salience of democratic
deliberation and conflict resolution.

DEMOCRATIZING THE ECONOMY. Democratizing the economy involves navigating the tension between
autonomy and hierarchy, particularly between procedures and consumers, as well as between managers and
workers. As consumers, citizens have autonomy, but as producers, they often face strict hierarchies. The
management-employee relationship is complex, with employees subordinated to management while retaining
political autonomy as citizens. Discussions of economic democracy often invoke the idea of expanding political
democracy into the economic sphere highlighting the head for more democratic elements within economic
structures.

WELFARE STATE INSTITUTIONS IN DEMOCRACY. The primary role of the welfare state is to ensure
citizen’s regular participation in society, focusing mainly on healthcare and social security institutions. These
measures aim to maintain or restore citizen’s abilities to act as free and productive individuals through
rights-based provisions distributed by public agencies. A key principle of the welfare state is social solidarity,
which address immediate needs and acts as an insurance system for those who may face need in the future.

DEMOCRACY IN THE MEDIA INSTITUTION. Information systems shaped by ruling groups have
historically been vital for uniting larger societies.

GENERALIZING INSTITUTIONAL NORMS AND CONFLICTS. Social institutions are diverse and often
revolve around conflicts requiring ongoing compromises, making democratic deliberation essential.

DEMOCRACY – people (Greek word: demos → people; kratos → strength/power) → rule by the people

- Right decision making

DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE – set principles

18-22 – legal age to vote for SK

In 6 years, 12 are elected for first three, 12 are elected for mid-term, 24 lahat senator/congress

A. Suffrage → right to vote

B. Public assembly & consultation → rallies, demonstration, marchies, public meeting, parade

C. Majority rule and minority rights

a. Majority leader → Manuel Jose Dalipe

b. Minoriy leader → Marcelino Libanan

D. Conduct of Plebiscite → yes or no, accept reject

Democratic → meaning you are involved

Importance Influencer

1. Provide equality

2. Check and balances government

3. Allows citizens suggest for representative

4. Allows popular (Impeachment → abuse power)

5. Promote freedom for citizen

6. Becomes comprehend, transparent

7. Provide education for people

8. Change the citizens

2 TYPES OF DEMOCRACY

1. Representative democracy → involves individual to contribute to policy malving

2. Participatory democracy → popular assembly

a. EDSA → wider involvement of the citizen

Analyzing Democratic Practices

The democratic practices in the country are meant to benefit the people. On the other hand, undemocratic
practices are practices that affect the society and government in many different ways.

“Enabling & Inhibility Dimensions of Technology.”

Integrating technology in education is imperative for it is one way to encourage the learners to be more
interested in the subject they are studying.

Potential Issues to Look Out for When Bringing Technology in Education

- Students using social media

- Security breach

- Cheating

- Gaming

Technology helps to speed up the learning process for students because it creates a more efficient learning
environment in many ways.