Themes from
scratch
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H G G P L O T 2
Rick Scave a
Founder, Scave a Academy
The themes layer
All non-data ink
Visual elements not part of the data
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
The themes layer
All non-data ink
Visual elements not part of the data
Three types
type
text
line
rectangle
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
The themes layer
All non-data ink
Visual elements not part of the data
Three types
type modi ed using
text element_text()
line element_line()
rectangle element_rect()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
A starting plot...
ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Sepal.Width, color = Species)) +
geom_jitter(alpha = 0.6)
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
The text elements
text
axis.title
axis.title.x
axis.title.x.top
axis.title.x.bottom
axis.title.y
axis.title.y.left
axis.title.y.right
title
legend.title
plot.title
plot.subtitle
plot.caption
plot.tag
axis.text
axis.text.x
axis.text.x.top
axis.text.x.bottom
axis.text.y
axis.text.y.left
axis.text.y.right
legend.text
strip.text
strip.text.x
strip.text.y
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
The text elements
theme(
text,
axis.title,
axis.title.x,
axis.title.x.top,
axis.title.x.bottom,
axis.title.y,
axis.title.y.left,
axis.title.y.right,
title,
legend.title,
plot.title,
plot.subtitle,
plot.caption,
plot.tag,
axis.text,
axis.text.x,
axis.text.x.top,
axis.text.x.bottom,
axis.text.y,
axis.text.y.left,
axis.text.y.right,
legend.text,
strip.text,
strip.text.x,
strip.text.y)
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Adjusting theme elements
ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Sepal.Width, color = Species)) +
geom_jitter(alpha = 0.6) +
theme(axis.title = element_text(color = "blue"))
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
A starting plot...
ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Sepal.Width, color = Species)) +
geom_jitter(alpha = 0.6)
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Line elements
theme(
line,
axis.ticks,
axis.ticks.x,
axis.ticks.x.top,
axis.ticks.x.bottom,
axis.ticks.y,
axis.ticks.y.left,
axis.ticks.y.right,
axis.line,
axis.line.x,
axis.line.x.top,
axis.line.x.bottom,
axis.line.y,
axis.line.y.left,
axis.line.y.right,
panel.grid,
panel.grid.major,
panel.grid.major.x,
panel.grid.major.y,
panel.grid.minor,
panel.grid.minor.x,
panel.grid.minor.y)
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
A starting plot...
ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Sepal.Width, color = Species)) +
geom_jitter(alpha = 0.6)
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Rect elements
theme(
rect,
legend.background,
legend.key,
legend.box.background,
panel.background,
panel.border,
plot.background,
strip.background,
strip.background.x,
strip.background.y)
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Hierarchical naming reflects inheritance rules
e.g. Text e.g. Lines
text line
axis.title axis.ticks
axis.title.x axis.ticks.x
axis.title.x.top axis.ticks.x.top
axis.title.x.bottom axis.ticks.x.bottom
axis.title.y axis.ticks.y
axis.title.y.left axis.ticks.y.left,
axis.title.y.right axis.ticks.y.right
axis.line
axis.line.x
axis.line.x.top
axis.line.x.bottom
axis.line.y
axis.line.y.left
axis.line.y.right
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
element_blank()
ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Sepal.Width, color = Species)) +
geom_jitter(alpha = 0.6) +
theme(line = element_blank(),
rect = element_blank(),
text = element_blank())
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H G G P L O T 2
Theme flexibility
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H G G P L O T 2
Rick Scave a
Founder, Scave a Academy
Ways to use themes
1. From scratch (last video)
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Ways to use themes
1. From scratch (last video)
2. Theme layer object
3. Built-in themes
ggplot2 or ggthemes packages
4. Built-in themes from other packages
5. Update/Set default theme
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Defining theme objects
Useful when you have many plots
Provides consistency in style
Apply a speci c theme everywhere
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Defining theme objects
z <- ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Sepal.Width, color = Species)) +
geom_jitter(alpha = 0.6) +
scale_x_continuous("Sepal Length (cm)", limits = c(4,8), expand = c(0,0)) +
scale_y_continuous("Sepal Width (cm)", limits = c(1.5,5), expand = c(0,0)) +
scale_color_brewer("Species", palette = "Dark2", labels = c("Setosa", "Versicolor", "Virginica"))
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Defining theme objects
z + theme(text = element_text(family = "serif", size = 14),
rect = element_blank(),
panel.grid = element_blank(),
title = element_text(color = "#8b0000"),
axis.line = element_line(color = "black"))
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Defining theme objects
theme_iris <- theme(text = element_text(family = "serif", size = 14),
rect = element_blank(),
panel.grid = element_blank(),
title = element_text(color = "#8b0000"),
axis.line = element_line(color = "black"))
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Reusing theme objects
z + theme_iris
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Reusing theme objects
m <- ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Width)) +
geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.1,
center = 0.05)
m
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Reusing theme objects
m +
theme_iris
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Reusing theme objects
m +
theme_iris +
theme(axis.line.x = element_blank())
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Ways to use themes
1. From scratch (last video)
2. Theme layer object
3. Built-in themes
ggplot2 or ggthemes packages
4. Built-in themes from other packages
5. Update/Set default theme
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Using built-in themes
Use theme_*() functions to access built-in themes.
z +
theme_classic()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Using built-in themes
Use theme_*() functions to access built-in themes.
z +
theme_classic() +
theme(text = element_text(family = "serif"))
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Ways to use themes
1. From scratch (last video)
2. Theme layer object
3. Built-in themes
ggplot2 or ggthemes packages
4. Built-in themes from other packages
5. Update/Set default theme
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
The ggthemes package
Use the ggthemes package for more functions.
library(ggthemes)
z +
theme_tufte()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Ways to use themes
1. From scratch (last video)
2. Theme layer object
3. Built-in themes
ggplot2 or ggthemes packages
4. Built-in themes from other packages
5. Update/Set default theme
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Updating themes
original <- theme_update(text = element_text(family = "serif", size = 14),
rect = element_blank(),
panel.grid = element_blank(),
title = element_text(color = "#8b0000"),
axis.line = element_line(color = "black"))
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Updating themes
z
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Setting themes
theme_set(original)
# Alternatively
# theme_set(theme_grey())
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H G G P L O T 2
Effective
explanatory plots
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H G G P L O T 2
Rick Scave a
Founder, Scave a Academy
Our goal, an effective explanatory plot
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Complete data
dplyr::glimpse(gm2007_full)
Observations: 142
Variables: 3
$ country <fct> "Afghanistan", "Albania", "Algeria", "Angola", "Argentina", "Au...
$ lifeExp <dbl> 43.828, 76.423, 72.301, 42.731, 75.320, 81.235, 79.829, 75.635,...
$ continent <fct> Asia, Europe, Africa, Africa, Americas, Oceania, Europe, Asia, ...
1 We would begin with our complete data set, which contains three variables for 142 countries.
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
First exploratory plots - distributions
ggplot(gm2007_full, aes(lifeExp)) +
geom_histogram()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
First exploratory plots - distributions
ggplot(gm2007_full_arranged,
aes(index, lifeExp)) +
geom_point()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
First exploratory plots - distributions
ggplot(gm2007_full_arranged,
aes(index, lifeExp, col = continent)) +
geom_point()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Our data
dplyr::glimpse(gm2007)
Observations: 20
Variables: 3
$ country <fct> "Swaziland", "Mozambique", "Zambia", "Sierra Leone", "Lesotho...
$ lifeExp <dbl> 39.613, 42.082, 42.384, 42.568, 42.592, 42.731, 43.487, 43.82...
$ continent <fct> Africa, Africa, Africa, Africa, Africa, Africa, Africa, Asia,...
>
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Use intuitive and attractive geoms
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Add text labels to your plot
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Use appropriate scales
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Add useful titles and citations
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Remove non-data ink
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Add threshold lines
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Add informative text
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Add embellishments
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH GGPLOT2
Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H G G P L O T 2
